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2 posts5G-exposed human skin cells do not respond with altered gene expression and methylation profiles
This in vitro study exposed human skin cells (fibroblasts and keratinocytes) to 5G-band electromagnetic fields for 2 hours and 48 hours using a fully blinded design. Exposures were up to ten times permissible limits, with sham exposure as a negative control and UV exposure as a positive control. The study reports that observed gene expression and DNA methylation differences were minor and consistent with random variation, supporting no detectable EMF-related effect under the tested conditions.
Impact of expectancy on fatigue by exposure to the fifth generation of mobile communication signals
This randomized sham-controlled study in 21 healthy participants tested whether routine-level 5G RF-EMF exposure affects fatigue and EEG power, while manipulating expectancy via correct, false, or no information about exposure order. The study reports no change in EEG power with real versus sham exposure. However, self-reported fatigue varied with the conveyed information about being exposed, suggesting an expectancy/psychological priming effect on symptom reporting.