Effects of Simultaneous In-Vitro Exposure to 5G-Modulated 3.5 GHz and GSM-Modulated 1.8 GHz Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Neuronal Network Electrical Activity and Cellular Stress in Skin Fibroblast Cells
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This in-vitro study exposed primary cortical neurons and human immortalized skin fibroblasts to simultaneous 5G-modulated 3.5 GHz and GSM-modulated 1.8 GHz RF-EMF at SARs of 1 or 4 W/kg. It reports no significant changes in neuronal network firing/bursting activity and no alteration of mitochondrial ROS in…
Assessing the effect of selenium on cyclin D1 level and nuclear factor kappa b activity in NIH/3T3 fibroblast cells at 2100 MHz electromagnetic field exposure.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2023
This in vitro study examined NIH/3T3 fibroblast cells exposed to 2100 MHz EMF and evaluated cell viability, cyclin D1, and NF-κB activity, with and without 200 nM selenium. The abstract reports reduced cell viability and increased cyclin D1 and NF-κB activity after EMF exposure. Selenium supplementation was reported…
T-Cell Differentiation to T Helper 9 Phenotype is Elevated by Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Via Induction of IL-2 Signaling.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This in vitro study examined 60 Hz extremely low-frequency EMF exposure (0.8 mT) on CD4 T cells under Th9-polarizing conditions. The authors report increased Th9-associated responses including IL-9 secretion, transcription factor changes (including early GATA3), and increased STAT5/STAT6 phosphorylation alongside…
Rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells aging reduction by zinc sulfate under extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure is associated with increased telomerase reverse transcriptase gene expression.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This in vitro study exposed rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells to 50 Hz, 20 mT ELF-EMF for 30 minutes per day over 21 days, with and without zinc sulfate. The authors report ELF-EMF exposure decreased TERT gene expression and increased senescent cells. Zinc sulfate was reported to increase TERT expression and…
Proteomic analysis in human fibroblasts by continuous exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2007
This in vitro study examined whether continuous extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (3 Hz, 4 mT for 3 hours) alter protein expression in human fibroblast cells using proteomics. The authors report that some protein expressions differed between exposed and sham cells. They identify reduced expression (about…