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Lipidomic alteration and stress-defense mechanism of soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans in response to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2019

This animal (nematode) study exposed Caenorhabditis elegans to 50 Hz, 3 mT extremely low-frequency EMF and assessed multi-omics responses. The authors report significant lipidomic, proteomic, and transcriptomic alterations, including increased triacylglycerols. Pathway analyses suggest disrupted lipid metabolism,…

T-Cell Differentiation to T Helper 9 Phenotype is Elevated by Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Via Induction of IL-2 Signaling.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2019

This in vitro study examined 60 Hz extremely low-frequency EMF exposure (0.8 mT) on CD4 T cells under Th9-polarizing conditions. The authors report increased Th9-associated responses including IL-9 secretion, transcription factor changes (including early GATA3), and increased STAT5/STAT6 phosphorylation alongside…

Non-Ionizing Radiation in Swedish Health Care-Exposure and Safety Aspects.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2019

This review describes non-ionizing radiation (EMF and optical radiation) methods used in Swedish health care and considers anticipated exposure levels and potential hazards. The authors report that acute effects cannot be ruled out for MRI, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and electrosurgery, and that optical…

Efficacy of pulsed electromagnetic fields and electromagnetic fields tuned to the ion cyclotron resonance frequency of Ca on chondrogenic differentiation.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2019

This in vitro study compared commonly used pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) exposures with electromagnetic fields tuned to satisfy the ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) condition for calcium. After 3 weeks, the calcium ICR condition was associated with increased glycosaminoglycans and type II collagen synthesis and…

Global gene expression changes reflecting pleiotropic effects of Irpex lacteus induced by low--intensity electromagnetic field.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2019

This laboratory study used RNA-seq to examine how low-intensity electromagnetic field (LI-EMF) exposure affects global gene expression in the fungus Irpex lacteus. Thousands of differentially expressed genes were reported immediately after exposure, with fewer changes after 3 h and 6 h recovery, and a subset of genes…

Geobacter sulfurreducens-inoculated bioelectrochemical system reveals the potential of metabolic current in defining the effect of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field on living cells.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2019

This laboratory study exposed a Geobacter sulfurreducens-inoculated bioelectrochemical system to 0–128 Gauss extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields. The authors report increased and oscillatory metabolic current under ELF-EMF exposure, with dose-dependent effects and a linear relationship between oscillation…

Acute exposure to high-induction electromagnetic field affects activity of model peripheral sensory neurons.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This in vitro study examined acute low-frequency electromagnetic field (LF-EMF) exposure using high-induction magnetic stimulation in F11 cells, a dorsal root ganglia neuron-derived model of peripheral sensory neurons. Short-term exposure (

Estimating transmitted power density from mobile phone: an epidemiological pilot study with a software modified phone.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This pilot study evaluated weekly and annual cumulative RF-EMF exposure attributed to mobile phone use using objective phone-based measurements of transmitted and received power densities. Ten participants provided two months of daily data across usage modes (cellular calls, cellular data, and Wi-Fi). The study…

Evaluation of MRI RF electromagnetic field induced heating near leads of cochlear implants.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This simulation study evaluated RF-induced heating near cochlear implant leads during 1.5 T MRI using a transfer function method. Across studied configurations, the average temperature rise was 0.79 °C and the maximum was 2.80 °C at a whole-body average SAR of 2 W/kg. The authors report that lead trajectory and MRI…

Changes of cationic transport in AtCAX5 transformant yeast by electromagnetic field environments.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This laboratory study examined cation transport and intracellular ion levels in a yeast strain (K667) with controlled expression of the plant cation/H+ exchanger AtCAX5 under metallic stress and ELF magnetic-field exposure. Cultures exposed to 60 Hz, 0.1 mT sinusoidal or square-wave magnetic fields showed increased…

Comparison of radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure levels in different everyday microenvironments in an international context.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This exposure assessment quantified RF-EMF levels using portable, high-sampling-rate devices across 94 outdoor microenvironments and 18 public transport vehicles in six countries. Mean outdoor exposure ranged from 0.23 to 1.85 V/m, and public transport exposure ranged from 0.32 to 0.86 V/m. Exposure varied…

Gene Expression Analysis in Human Peripheral Blood Cells after 900 MHz RF-EMF Short-Term Exposure.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This ex vivo/in vitro study exposed peripheral blood cells from five human donors to a 900 MHz continuous-wave RF-EMF for up to 90 minutes (average SAR 9.3 W/kg). After false discovery rate adjustment, the authors report no EMF-specific gene expression changes on microarray analysis. Although low-stringency analysis…

Influence of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields on the Fertility System: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This article presents a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis on radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure from electronic devices and effects on the fertility system. The authors cite growing public concern and conflicting findings in prior studies as motivation. The protocol plans broad database…

Experimental research on the electromagnetic radiation (EMR) characteristics of cracked rock.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This experimental study examined electromagnetic radiation (EMR) emitted by coal rock with prefabricated cracks during mechanical loading. The authors report that intact rock EMR increased with loading, whereas cracked rock EMR showed staged and fluctuating behavior that became more pronounced as crack angle…

Miniaturized Battery-Free Wireless Systems for Wearable Pulse Oximetry.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This engineering study describes miniaturized, flexible, battery-free wearable pulse oximetry systems that use near-field communication (NFC) for wireless operation. The devices capture and transmit photoplethysmograms to derive blood oxygenation, heart rate, and heart rate variability. The abstract reports…

Concept of Phase Cycling in Pulsed Magnetic Resonance Using Sinusoidal Magnetic Field Modulation.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This article describes a signal-processing/measurement concept in pulsed magnetic resonance: achieving phase cycling through sinusoidal magnetic field modulation rather than changing pulse phases. The abstract states that modulation parameters can control spin precession phases, enabling separation of unwanted…

Mobile phone use for 5 minutes can cause significant memory impairment in humans.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This study assessed working memory before and after 5 minutes of mobile phone use using a brief computerized 10-word recall task. The experimental group showed worse performance immediately after phone use, with partial improvement 5 minutes later, while the control group improved across repeated tests without phone…

The effect of a high frequency electromagnetic field in the microwave range on red blood cells.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

An in vitro study examined red blood cells exposed to an 18 GHz electromagnetic field and assessed uptake of nanospheres. The authors report that EMF exposure enabled nanosphere uptake into RBCs, with different translocation behavior for 23.5 nm versus 46.3 nm particles. Uptake was reported to increase with higher…

Rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells aging reduction by zinc sulfate under extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure is associated with increased telomerase reverse transcriptase gene expression.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This in vitro study exposed rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells to 50 Hz, 20 mT ELF-EMF for 30 minutes per day over 21 days, with and without zinc sulfate. The authors report ELF-EMF exposure decreased TERT gene expression and increased senescent cells. Zinc sulfate was reported to increase TERT expression and…

Acute effects of mobile phone radiations on subtle energy levels of teenagers using electrophotonic imaging technique: A randomized controlled study.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This double-blind randomized controlled study enrolled 61 healthy teenagers and compared 15 minutes of mobile phone exposure with the phone ON at the right ear versus a phone OFF condition. The study reports significant reductions in EPI-measured "subtle energy levels" in the ON group versus OFF across multiple…

Efficacy of 50 Hz electromagnetic fields on human epidermal stem cell transplantation seeded in collagen sponge scaffolds for wound healing in a murine model.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This animal study evaluated whether 50 Hz EMF exposure enhances wound healing after transplantation of human epidermal stem cells (ESC) seeded in collagen sponge scaffolds. Thirty-six nude mice with full-thickness wounds were assigned to control, ESC-only, or ESC+EMF groups (50 Hz, 5 mT, 60 min/day for 20 days). The…

Microwave radiation (2.45 GHz)-induced oxidative stress: Whole-body exposure effect on histopathology of Wistar rats.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This animal study examined whole-body exposure to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation for 2 h/day over 35 days in male Wistar rats. The authors report increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) in liver, brain, and spleen and histological changes across multiple organs compared with sham-exposed controls. They conclude the exposure…

The Synergistic Effect of Microwave Radiation and Hypergravity on Rats and the Intervention Effect of Rana Sylvatica Le Conte Oil.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This animal study examined combined exposure to microwave radiation and hypergravity in rats and assessed whether Rana sylvatica Le Conte oil had protective effects. The hypergravity plus microwave group showed reduced motor performance, reduced cholinergic enzyme activities, and reduced total antioxidant capacity,…

Microwave radiation is effective at disinfecting dental stone surfaces without changing their physical properties.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This in vitro study tested 900-W microwave radiation regimens (3, 5, or 7 minutes) to disinfect type IV dental stone surfaces contaminated with S. aureus, E. coli, or C. albicans. The authors report that 5 and 7 minutes achieved sterilization for S. aureus, while 3 minutes did not fully sterilize; all times were…

Demonstration of long-distance hazard-free wearable EEG monitoring system using mobile phone visible light communication.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This paper describes an engineering approach to avoid RF/microwave radiation in wearable EEG data transmission by using visible light communication. The system performance was tested at different illuminance levels and an algorithm for low-illuminance operation was proposed. The authors report error-free transmission…

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