Assessment and comparison of total RF-EMF exposure in femtocell and macrocell base station scenarios.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This study assessed and compared total RF-EMF exposure for a mobile-phone user in an office environment when connected to an indoor femtocell base station versus a conventional macrocell base station. Using a framework that combines near-field and far-field exposure, the authors report a 20–40× reduction in total…
No influence of acute RF exposure (GSM-900, GSM-1800, and UMTS) on mouse retinal ganglion cell responses under constant temperature conditions.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This double-blind in vitro study exposed isolated mouse retinae to GSM-900, GSM-1800, and UMTS RF-EMF at SARs up to 20 W/kg while maintaining constant temperature. Changes in retinal ganglion cell responses to light stimuli were compared before, during, and up to 35 minutes after exposure. The authors report no…
Optimization of a therapeutic electromagnetic field (EMF) to retard breast cancer tumor growth and vascularity.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This animal study evaluated a therapeutic 120 Hz pulsed EMF device (10–20 mT) in C3H mice bearing implanted murine mammary adenocarcinoma tumors. Across seven treated groups, EMF exposure over 12 days was reported to suppress tumor growth, with specific dose/time regimens described as most effective. The authors also…
Effect of puerarin on matrix metalloproteinase-2 in human fetal scleral fibroblasts treated with low frequency electromagnetic fields.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2013
This in vitro study examined whether extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure alters MMP-2 expression in cultured human fetal scleral fibroblasts and whether puerarin modifies this response. The authors report increased MMP-2 mRNA and protein expression after 0.2 mT ELF-EMF exposure for 24…
P-selectin expression in a colon tumor model exposed by sinusoidal electromagnetic fields.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2013
This animal study evaluated whether sinusoidal magnetic field exposure alters P-selectin expression in a rat colon tumor model. Rats exposed to 50 Hz, 5 mT for 6 h/day for 8 months showed no statistically significant change in P-selectin expression by immunohistochemistry. The authors indicate that further in vitro…
[Effects of static magnetic field at different times on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts in vitro].
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2012
This in vitro study exposed newborn rat calvarial osteoblasts to a 3.9 mT static magnetic field for varying durations (0–4 hours). The authors report increased cell proliferation and markers of osteoblast differentiation and mineralization versus control, including higher ALP activity, calcium content, and…
Comparison of 2 methods of non-invasive treatment between transcutaneous electrical stimulation and pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation as replacement of invasive manual acupuncture.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2012
This study compared two non-invasive acupoint stimulation methods—TEAS and PEMF—as alternatives to manual acupuncture for recovery from exercise-induced muscle fatigue. Using 2 Hz stimulation (PEMF magnetic flux 30.92 mT), the authors report faster recovery of EMG median frequency and improved peak torque recovery in…
New insights into bioprotective effectiveness of disaccharides: an FTIR study of human haemoglobin aqueous solutions exposed to static magnetic fields.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2012
This in vitro FTIR study examined human haemoglobin aqueous solutions exposed to a 200 mT static magnetic field for 3 and 7 hours, with and without the disaccharides sucrose and trehalose. The authors report spectral changes (amide A decrease and reduced CH(3) stretching) in haemoglobin dissolved in bi-distilled…
Down-regulation of metallothionein 1 and 2 after exposure to electromagnetic field in mouse testis.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2011
This animal study examined mouse testis after 8 weeks of exposure to a 3 MT electromagnetic field (4 hours/day). The authors report significant histological changes (increased primary spermatocytes, increased Leydig cells, and increased basement membrane thickness) in exposed mice versus controls. MT1 and MT2…
Effects of extremely low frequency magnetic field on oxidative balance in brain of rats.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2011
This animal study examined whether an extremely low frequency magnetic field (7 mT, 40 Hz) used in magnetotherapy alters oxidative balance in rat brain after 10 days of exposure. The 30 min/day exposure condition was associated with increased lipid peroxidation, while the 60 min/day condition was associated with…
[Time effect of sinusoidal electromagnetic field on enhancing the maturation and mineralization of osteoblasts in vitro].
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2011
This in vitro study exposed newborn rat calvarial osteoblasts to 50 Hz sinusoidal electromagnetic fields at 1.8 mT for different daily exposure times (0.5–3.0 h). The authors report inhibited osteoblast proliferation at longer exposure times, alongside increased differentiation markers (ALP activity) and…
Measurement of creatine kinase reaction rate in human brain using magnetization transfer image-selected in vivo spectroscopy (MT-ISIS) and a volume ³¹P/¹H radiofrequency coil in a clinical 3-T MRI system.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2011
This paper describes a new magnetization transfer 31P MRS approach (MT-ISIS) for measuring the creatine kinase forward reaction rate in the human brain using a volume 31P/1H RF coil on a clinical 3-T MRI system. The method aims to reduce acquisition time (30 min), avoid scalp muscle contamination, improve RF…
Impact of a static magnetic field on the electricity production of Shewanella-inoculated microbial fuel cells.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2011
This study investigated how exposure to a static magnetic field affects electricity production in Shewanella-inoculated microbial fuel cells across different reactor configurations. A 100 mT field was reported to increase maximum voltage and the effect was described as immediate and reversible, with possible adverse…
Effects of low frequency electromagnetic fields on the chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2011
This in vitro study examined whether extremely low-frequency magnetic fields affect chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in pellet culture. Cells exposed for 3 weeks to a homogeneous sinusoidal 5 mT magnetic field showed increased collagen type II expression (significant at passage 6) and…
The influence of low-frequency magnetic field on plasma antioxidant capacity and heart rate.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2009
This animal study exposed Sprague-Dawley rats to a 40 Hz, 7 mT time-variable magnetic field and measured ECG heart rate and plasma antioxidant capacity before and after exposure, including after 14 days. The authors report a significant decrease in heart rate after 14 days. Antioxidant defence findings were mixed,…
[Effects of 50 Hz sinusoidal magnetic field on Ca2+ release channel ryanodine receptor of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles].
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2009
This in vitro study examined whether a 50 Hz sinusoidal magnetic field affects the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release channel RyR1. A 0.4 mT exposure for 30 minutes increased SR Ca2+ release rate and [(3)H]-ryanodine binding under NADH/NAD+ conditions. The authors also report increased NADH oxidation and…
[A preliminary study on role of acid sphingomyelinase in receptor clustering induced by 50-Hz magnetic fields].
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2009
This in vitro study exposed human amnion (FL) cells to a 50-Hz sinusoidal magnetic field (0.4 mT) for 15 minutes and assessed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) clustering. The authors report that magnetic field exposure induced EGFR clustering, and that this effect was blocked by imipramine, an acid…
Ultrastructural alterations and occurrence of apoptosis in developing follicles exposed to low frequency electromagnetic field in rat ovary.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2007
This animal study examined rat ovaries after chronic exposure to a 3 mT low-frequency electromagnetic field for 4 hours per day over 4 months. Using TEM and TUNEL, the authors report ultrastructural alterations in oocytes and more frequent apoptosis-associated changes in granulosa and corona radiata cells versus…
Proteomic analysis in human fibroblasts by continuous exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2007
This in vitro study examined whether continuous extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (3 Hz, 4 mT for 3 hours) alter protein expression in human fibroblast cells using proteomics. The authors report that some protein expressions differed between exposed and sham cells. They identify reduced expression (about…
Magnetic field exposure in a nondestructive testing operation.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2007
This exposure assessment measured peak magnetic fields during magnetic particle inspection, a nondestructive testing method that uses electromagnetism. Ninety-five peak measurements taken while inspecting 8 turbine engine shafts ranged from
[A measurement of spontaneous magnetic field by satellites structures of harmonic spectrum].
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2007
This study measured satellite structures of second- and third-harmonic spectra reflected from solid targets during femtosecond laser–plasma interactions using an optical multi-channel spectrometer. Red-shifted satellite structures of 2ω0 and 3ω0 were observed, and at ~10^18 W/cm^2 the inferred spontaneous magnetic…