Benign Effect of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field on Brain Plasticity Assessed by Nitric Oxide Metabolism during Poststroke Rehabilitation.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This study assessed whether adding extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure to a 4-week poststroke rehabilitation program affects nitric oxide (NO)-related biomarkers and patient status. Forty-eight poststroke patients were assigned to ELF-EMF versus non-ELF-EMF rehabilitation, with the…
Cytotoxicity of temozolomide on human glioblastoma cells is enhanced by the concomitant exposure to an extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (100Hz, 100G).
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This in vitro study tested whether an extremely low-frequency EMF (100 Hz, 100 G) could enhance temozolomide cytotoxicity in human glioma cell lines (U87 and T98G). The authors report that combined EMF and temozolomide increased apoptosis relative to either treatment alone and was accompanied by changes in…
Effect of electromagnetic fields and antioxidants on the trace element content of rat teeth.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This animal study examined whether extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) from a high-voltage source alter trace element concentrations in rat teeth and whether antioxidants (melatonin and glutathione) modify these changes. Rats were exposed 8 hours/day for 26 or 52 days, with separate sham…
Alterations of Immune Parameters on Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae Exposed to Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This animal study exposed Trichoplusia ni larvae to 60 Hz, 2.0 mT ELF-EMF for 24, 48, or 72 hours and assessed immune parameters and fertility. The abstract reports no effect on life cycle and fertility after 24 hours, but several immune-related measures changed after 48–72 hours, including reduced hemolymph protein…
Quantum mechanical model for the anticarcinogenic effect of extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic fields on early chemical hepatocarcinogenesis.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This study develops a quantum-mechanical radical pair mechanism model to examine how an extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) might influence early chemical hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. The model evaluates singlet-state recombination and quantum yield under a low magnetic field effect, proposing…
Effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) exposure on B6C3F1 mice
Research
RF Safe Research Library
May 5, 2015
This long-term animal study exposed mice to a 50 Hz magnetic field (500 mG) prenatally and then through 15.5 months of life to assess tumor-related outcomes and fertility-related measures. Exposed mice had lower body weights and showed no increase in liver or lung tumor incidence. However, exposed female mice had a…
Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field Exposure Enhances Extracellular Trap Formation by Human Neutrophils through the NADPH Pathway
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2015
This in vitro/ex vivo study examined whether low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure affects human neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. The authors report that LF EMF exposure enhanced NET formation and that this effect depended on the NADPH oxidase pathway and reactive oxygen species production. They…
[Influence of Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field on DNA Molecules in Water Solutions].
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2015
This in vitro study reports that hepatitis B and C virus DNA amplicons in water solutions produced a chemiluminescence-registered signal after exposure to low-frequency electromagnetic fields (3–30 Hz; 24–40 A/m). The strongest reported effect occurred at 9 Hz, alongside an observed change in the DNA hydration shell.…
The effects of different intensities, frequencies and exposure times of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2015
This in vitro study examined whether extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) affect growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Bacterial cultures were exposed to sinusoidal homogeneous ELF-EMF at 2 or 4 mT, with frequencies of 20, 40, or 50 Hz, for 1–6 hours, and CFU were compared…
Melatonin protects rat cerebellar granule cells against electromagnetic field-induced increases in Na(+) currents through intracellular Ca(2+) release
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This in vitro study examined extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) effects on voltage-gated sodium (Nav) currents in rat cerebellar granule cells and whether melatonin modifies these effects. The abstract reports that 60 minutes of ELF-EMF exposure increased Nav current density, and that melatonin…
Exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields inhibits T-type calcium channels via AA/LTE4 signaling pathway.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2014
This in vitro study examined 50 Hz ELF-EMF effects on human T-type calcium channels expressed in HEK293 cells and on native T-type channels in primary cultured mouse cortical neurons. The authors report that ELF-EMF (0.2 mT) inhibited Cav3.1, Cav3.2, and Cav3.3 channel activity without changing Cav3.2 expression or…
Low-frequency electromagnetic fields do not alter responses of inflammatory genes and proteins in human monocytes and immune cell lines.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2012
This in vitro study examined whether low-frequency electromagnetic fields (a complex multiple waveform field and a 50 Hz sine wave) alter inflammatory gene and protein responses in human immune cells. Across time course experiments in THP-1 cells and primary monocytes/macrophages, the authors report no significant…
Ultrastructural alterations and occurrence of apoptosis in developing follicles exposed to low frequency electromagnetic field in rat ovary.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2007
This animal study examined rat ovaries after chronic exposure to a 3 mT low-frequency electromagnetic field for 4 hours per day over 4 months. Using TEM and TUNEL, the authors report ultrastructural alterations in oocytes and more frequent apoptosis-associated changes in granulosa and corona radiata cells versus…
Proteomic analysis in human fibroblasts by continuous exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2007
This in vitro study examined whether continuous extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (3 Hz, 4 mT for 3 hours) alter protein expression in human fibroblast cells using proteomics. The authors report that some protein expressions differed between exposed and sham cells. They identify reduced expression (about…