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This animal study examined effects of a 50 Hz high-voltage electromagnetic field (5.4 kV/m) applied 2 or 4 hours per day for 25 days in albino rats. The authors report decreases in RBC, haemoglobin, and catalase activity, with increases in WBCs, liver enzymes, bilirubin, kidney-related markers, and malondialdehyde…

This animal study assessed iron in rabbit cerebellum after exposure to real GSM and generated RF electromagnetic fields using ICP MS and PIXE. ICP MS found no significant differences in overall iron concentration between exposed and control groups. PIXE reported focal iron accumulation up to about 3 mm, with the…

This animal study exposed adult male rats to 50 Hz ELF-EMF at 1, 100, 500, or 2000 μT for 1 hour/day over two months and assessed behavior and brain markers. The authors report increased memory retention (higher step-through latency) alongside increased anxiety-like behavior (reduced open-arm entries), particularly…

This animal study examined whether exposing Dermacentor reticulatus tick eggs to 900 MHz RF-EMF for 30, 60, or 90 minutes affects the size of hatched larvae. The authors report that the 60-minute exposure group produced larvae with larger measurements across four body traits compared with unexposed controls and other…

This animal study examined whether anesthesia and body mass modify body temperature responses to 915 MHz RF exposure at 4 W/kg whole-body SAR for 8 hours. Non-anesthetized, free-moving rats showed no significant temperature change during exposure. In contrast, anesthetized rats showed marked temperature increases,…

This animal study examined prenatal-to-postnatal exposure to a 50-Hz, 3-mT electromagnetic field and ovarian development in female rat offspring. At 42 days of age, the EMF group had higher FSH, lower estradiol, higher iNOS levels/expression, and histological signs of ovarian tissue damage compared with sham. The…

This animal study evaluated liver function, histopathology, and oxidative stress markers after exposure to RF-EMF (900/1800 MHz and 2.4 GHz), x-rays (10 cGy or 8 Gy), and combinations including RF-EMF pre-exposure. Some liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP) showed some association with irradiation, while…

This double-blind animal study examined whether RF EMF exposure slightly exceeding occupational limits affects heart rate variability in rabbits. Across two exposure setups (device-generated RF and real base-station downlink signals), the authors report increased HRV indices (HF-HRV and rMSSD) alongside lower heart…

This animal study exposed male BALB/c mice to 2100 MHz EMF and assessed reproductive and hormonal outcomes, including sperm parameters, testicular histology, HspA2 immunoreactivity, and apoptosis. EMF exposure was associated with increased testicular apoptosis, increased abnormal sperm, and increased HspA2…

This animal study tested whether Ixodes ricinus ticks show behavioral responses to 900 MHz radio-frequency electromagnetic fields in a radiation-shielded tube. Ticks were attracted to the irradiated area, and the attraction was reported as stronger among ticks infected with Rickettsia spp. The authors raise the…

This animal study examined behavioural responses of American lobster and Little skate to EMF emissions from a subsea HVDC transmission cable. It reports a marked increase in exploratory/foraging behaviour in skates and a subtler exploratory response in lobsters when exposed to cable EMF. The authors also measured…

This animal study exposed male albino rats to a 50 Hz electromagnetic field for 2 or 4 hours and assessed reproductive hormones, oxidative stress markers, and testicular histology after 30 days. The abstract reports that EMF exposure reduced serum FSH, testosterone, and LH and catalase activity, while increasing…

This animal study exposed the mollusk Onchidium struma to 50 Hz ELF-EMF at 100 μT or 500 μT for up to one week and assessed immune-related cell counts, enzyme activities, and transcriptomic changes. The 100 μT group showed increased total coelomocyte and spherulocyte density versus control and 500 μT, while some cell…