Geobacter sulfurreducens-inoculated bioelectrochemical system reveals the potential of metabolic current in defining the effect of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field on living cells.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This laboratory study exposed a Geobacter sulfurreducens-inoculated bioelectrochemical system to 0–128 Gauss extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields. The authors report increased and oscillatory metabolic current under ELF-EMF exposure, with dose-dependent effects and a linear relationship between oscillation…
Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMF) on honey bee queen development and mating success.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This animal study exposed honey bee queen larvae to RF-EMF from a common mobile phone (GSM 900 MHz) across all pre-adult developmental stages for 14 days. The authors report a significantly reduced queen hatching ratio, while mating success was not affected. For queens that successfully mated, subsequent colony…
Protective effects of luteolin on rat testis following exposure to 900 MHz electromagnetic field.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This rat study examined 900 MHz EMF exposure effects on testes and whether luteolin modifies those effects. EMF exposure was associated with reduced testicular cell counts, lower testis weight and serum testosterone, increased SOD activity, and changes in sperm morphology versus controls. Luteolin co-treatment was…
Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of 50 Hz 1 mT electromagnetic field on larval rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Baltic clam (Limecola balthica) and common ragworm (Hediste diversicolor).
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This animal study assessed genotoxic and cytotoxic responses in aquatic species exposed to a 50 Hz, 1 mT electromagnetic field. Nuclear abnormality assays indicated significant increases in multiple genotoxicity endpoints across species, with the most pronounced effects in Baltic clam gill cells. Cytotoxicity…
MEASUREMENT OF EMF EXPOSURE AROUND SMALL CELL BASE STATION SITES.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This paper reports a measurement program assessing RF EMF exposure around small cell base station sites. The authors note that relatively little exposure data are available for small cells compared with base stations in general. Measurements were compared with relevant safety guidelines and with existing base-station…
Hepatocellular carcinoma therapy finds a channel on the radio
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This EBioMedicine commentary discusses tumour-specific amplitude-modulated RF EMF as an anti-cancer therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma and highlights Cav3.2 (CACNA1H) T-type calcium channels as a proposed mediator of the effect. It notes that the reported whole-body averaged SAR in a treated HCC patient was below…
Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies in Sprague Dawley (Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD) rats exposed to whole-body radio frequency radiation at a frequency (900 MHz) and modulations (GSM and CDMA) used by cell phones
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This National Toxicology Program technical report describes 900 MHz whole-body RFR exposures (GSM and CDMA) in male and female Sprague Dawley rats from in utero through up to 2 years. The report concludes clear evidence of carcinogenic activity in males for both modulations based on malignant schwannoma of the heart,…
Evaluation of effect of high frequency electromagnetic field on growth and antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This in vitro study evaluated whether high-frequency electromagnetic fields at 900 and 1800 MHz affect bacterial DNA, growth, and antibiotic susceptibility after 2 hours of exposure. The authors report no detectable DNA differences between exposed and non-exposed bacteria for the species described. Growth and…
Acute exposure to high-induction electromagnetic field affects activity of model peripheral sensory neurons.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This in vitro study examined acute low-frequency electromagnetic field (LF-EMF) exposure using high-induction magnetic stimulation in F11 cells, a dorsal root ganglia neuron-derived model of peripheral sensory neurons. Short-term exposure (
Association between media coverage and prevalence of idiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to electromagnetic field in Taiwan.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This ecological study examined whether trends in newspaper coverage about EMF/IEI-EMF in Taiwan were associated with changes in reported IEI-EMF prevalence. The authors report that media coverage rose up to 2007 and then declined through 2012, mirroring a decline in IEI-EMF prevalence between 2007 and 2012. In…
Modulation of antioxidant enzyme gene expression by extremely low frequency electromagnetic field in post-stroke patients.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This study evaluated whether adding extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) therapy to standard physical therapy modulates antioxidant gene expression in post-stroke patients. Forty-eight patients were split into an ELF-EMF group and a non-ELF-EMF group, with both groups receiving the same physical…
Assessment of an anti-scale low-frequency electromagnetic field device on drinking water biofilms.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This laboratory study tested a low-intensity very low-frequency EMF anti-scale device for potential impacts on drinking water biofilms in flow-through reactors. Across soft and hard water and for nascent and mature biofilms, the EMF exposure did not significantly change biofilm cell numbers, cell integrity measures,…
Evaluation of the safety of users of active implantable medical devices (AIMD) in the working environment in terms of exposure to electromagnetic fields - Practical approach to the requirements of European Directive 2013/35/EU.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This study assessed electromagnetic field exposure near common strong EMF sources in medical and industrial workplaces to estimate standard safety distances (SSD) for workers using active implantable medical devices (AIMD). Using measurements near 127 devices, the longest SSDs were reported near dielectric sealers…
Electromagnetic Field Analysis of Low-Magnitude High-Frequency Vibrator with Multiple Plungers.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This conference paper describes an engineering design for a low-magnitude high-frequency vibrator with multiple plungers, aiming to minimize electromagnetic fields during vibrational stimulation experiments. The authors analyze the device’s EMF using finite element methods in COMSOL. No direct biological or health…
Synergistic effect of rice bran extract and extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on dermal papilla/melanocytes in melanogenesis.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This in vitro study used a 3D dermal papilla-like tissue model containing dermal papilla cells and melanocytes to assess melanogenesis after rice bran extract (RBE), extremely low-frequency EMF, or their combination. The combined RBE/EMF condition showed higher tyrosinase activity, increased melanogenesis-related…
Estimating transmitted power density from mobile phone: an epidemiological pilot study with a software modified phone.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This pilot study evaluated weekly and annual cumulative RF-EMF exposure attributed to mobile phone use using objective phone-based measurements of transmitted and received power densities. Ten participants provided two months of daily data across usage modes (cellular calls, cellular data, and Wi-Fi). The study…
Increase in Blood Levels of Growth Factors Involved in the Neuroplasticity Process by Using an Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field in Post-stroke Patients.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This study evaluated whether adding extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) therapy to standard post-stroke rehabilitation affects biomarkers of neuroplasticity and functional recovery. Forty-eight patients completed the same rehabilitation program, with the study group additionally receiving 10…
Fas/FasL pathway and cytokines in keratinocytes in atopic dermatitis - Manipulation by the electromagnetic field.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This in vitro study exposed keratinocytes from atopic dermatitis patients and healthy controls, plus two keratinocyte cell lines, to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field for 60 minutes. AD-derived keratinocytes showed higher Fas/FasL signaling markers and increased secretion of multiple cytokines versus controls. EMF…
Symptom Presentation in Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance With Attribution to Electromagnetic Fields: Evidence for a Nocebo Effect Based on Data Re-Analyzed From Two Previous Provocation Studies.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This paper re-analyzes data from two prior double-blind provocation studies involving RF base station signals and sham exposures. Symptoms and reduced well-being were more strongly associated with participants' belief that the base station was "on" than with the exposure condition itself. The authors conclude that a…
Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field reduces oxidative stress during the rehabilitation of post-acute stroke patients.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This study evaluated ELF-EMF magnetotherapy as an adjunct to post-acute ischemic stroke rehabilitation in 57 patients, comparing those who received ELF-EMF therapy with those who did not. The authors report that oxidative stress markers (TBARS, thiol, and carbonyl groups) decreased more in the ELF-EMF group than in…
A 60 Hz uniform electromagnetic field promotes human cell proliferation by decreasing intracellular reactive oxygen species levels.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This in vitro study examined effects of a 6 mT, 60 Hz uniform ELF electromagnetic field on HeLa cells and primary IMR-90 fibroblasts. Single or repetitive exposure did not induce DNA damage or change viability, but continuous exposure over 168 hours was reported to increase proliferation in both cell types in a…
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY: THE IMPACT OF THE NUMBER OF USERS ON ELECTRIC FIELD STRENGTH OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This study used real-time measurements on a university campus to examine how the number of users relates to RF electric field strength from cellular systems and a Wi-Fi access point. The authors report empirical models that estimate E from user counts, with stated accuracies of 86% for cellular-related measurements…
Effects of electromagnetic field, cisplatin and morphine on cytotoxicity and expression levels of DNA repair genes.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This in vitro study examined how morphine, a 50-Hz 0.50 mT electromagnetic field (intermittent), and cisplatin co-treatments affected DNA repair gene expression and cytotoxicity in MCF-7 and SH-SY5Y cells. Morphine alone was reported to down-regulate examined DNA repair genes, whereas morphine plus EMF did not…
Effect of Microwave Wi-Fi Radiation at Frequency of 2.4 GHz on Epileptic Behavior of Rats.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This animal study exposed rats to 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi radiation for 2 hours at 30 cm from a commercial router and assessed PTZ-induced convulsive behavior. The Wi-Fi "on" PTZ group showed significant differences in seizure event counts and summed severity scores versus comparison groups, while several timing and duration…
A Single Exposure to GSM-1800 MHz Signals in the Course of an Acute Neuroinflammatory Reaction can Alter Neuronal Responses and Microglial Morphology in the Rat Primary Auditory Cortex.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This animal study examined whether acute GSM-1800 MHz exposure affects the auditory cortex during experimentally induced neuroinflammation. In LPS-treated rats, a single 2-hour head-only exposure (average SAR 1.55 W/kg in auditory cortex) was associated with altered microglial morphology and reduced neuronal activity…