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No adverse effects detected for simultaneous whole-body exposure to multiple-frequency radiofrequency electromagnetic fields for rats in the intrauterine and pre- and post-weaning periods.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This animal study exposed pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats and their offspring to simultaneous whole-body multifrequency RF signals spanning 800 MHz to 5.2 GHz. Exposure occurred 20 hours per day from gestational day 7 to weaning, with F1 offspring exposed up to 6 weeks of age. Across multiple endpoints including growth,…

Non-conductive and miniature fiber-optic imaging system for real-time detection of neuronal activity in time-varying electromagnetic fields.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This paper describes a non-conductive, miniature fiber-optic imaging system designed to record neuronal activity in real time during repetitive, long-term time-varying EMF exposure. Using the system, the authors report that short exposures (

Lasting hepatotoxic effects of prenatal mobile phone exposure.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This animal study examined liver outcomes in rat offspring 60 days after prenatal exposure to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field for 24 hours/day during gestation. The exposed group showed biochemical changes consistent with oxidative stress (higher MDA, lower GSH) and elevated liver enzymes (ALT, AST). Histopathology…

Effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field on brain histopathology of Caspian Sea Cyprinus carpio.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This animal study evaluated 50 Hz extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure and brain histopathology in Cyprinus carpio. Fish were sham-exposed or exposed to magnetic field intensities from 0.1 to 7 mT for 0.5 or 1 hour. The authors report severe brain histopathological changes at intensities ≥3 mT,…

Effect of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on antioxidant activity in the human keratinocyte cell line NCTC 2544.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This in vitro study exposed human keratinocyte cells (NCTC 2544) to 50 Hz ELF-EMF at 0.25–2 G and assessed oxidative stress-related endpoints. Significant increases in ROS were reported at 0.5 and 1 G, with associated short-term changes in antioxidant and lipid peroxidation markers. The authors report that…

Protective effects of melatonin and omega-3 on the hippocampus and the cerebellum of adult Wistar albino rats exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This rat study examined 900 MHz EMF exposure for 60 minutes per day over 15 days and assessed hippocampal and cerebellar outcomes, behavior, and serum enzyme activity. The EMF-only group showed significant neuronal cell losses in multiple brain regions and worse passive avoidance performance compared with other…

Exposure to 2100 MHz electromagnetic field radiations induces reactive oxygen species generation in roots.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This experimental study examined whether 2100 MHz cell phone-related RF-EMF exposure affects oxidative stress markers in onion roots. After 1–4 hours of continuous-wave exposure in a single day, the study reports increased lipid peroxidation and ROS-related measures (MDA, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion).…

Effects of short and long term electromagnetic fields exposure on the human hippocampus.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This study compared 60 healthy female medical students grouped by self-reported daily mobile phone use by the head (90 min). MRI/MRS analyses found no significant differences in hippocampal volume or in choline, creatine, and N-acetyl aspartate between groups. However, the higher-use group showed poorer performance…

Does omega-3 have a protective effect on the rat adrenal gland exposed to 900 MHz electromagnetic fields?

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This animal study examined whether omega-3 modifies adrenal gland changes in rats exposed to 900 MHz electromagnetic fields. Rats exposed 60 minutes/day for 15 days showed significantly increased adrenal gland volume versus controls. Omega-3 co-treatment was associated with significantly lower adrenal gland volume…

Iron deposition in rabbit cerebellum after exposure to generated and mobile GSM electromagnetic fields.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This animal study examined iron distribution in rabbit cerebellum after exposure to RF electromagnetic fields, using light and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive microanalysis. The authors report dystrophic changes in Purkinje cells in irradiated groups and deposits containing multiple elements…

Benign Effect of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field on Brain Plasticity Assessed by Nitric Oxide Metabolism during Poststroke Rehabilitation.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This study assessed whether adding extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure to a 4-week poststroke rehabilitation program affects nitric oxide (NO)-related biomarkers and patient status. Forty-eight poststroke patients were assigned to ELF-EMF versus non-ELF-EMF rehabilitation, with the…

Influence of the on-line ELF-EMF stimulation on the electrophysiological properties of the rat hippocampal CA1 neurons in vitro.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This paper describes an on-line ELF magnetic stimulation setup and evaluates coil field distribution using COMSOL simulations alongside physical measurements. The authors report that modeled and measured magnetic flux densities were similar, and that stimulation induced sodium channel currents and fEPSPs in rat…

Antenna Design and SAR Analysis on Human Head Phantom Simulation for Future Clinical Applications.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This study developed a mathematical and computer simulation model to analyze RF-EMF exposure in a human head phantom, motivated by potential therapeutic applications. The modeled exposure used a Yagi-Uda antenna at 64 MHz with SAR 0.6 W/kg and compared field distribution using one versus four antennas. COMSOL Bioheat…

The response of human bacteria to static magnetic field and radiofrequency electromagnetic field.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This study investigated how laboratory bacterial strains and skin bacterial isolates respond to static magnetic fields and radiofrequency EMF described as cell phone-level exposure. The authors report variable and inconsistent growth responses across species and across isolates from four subjects. They propose that…

Mitigation measures of electromagnetic field exposure in the vicinity of high frequency welders.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This paper describes in situ EMF measurements around industrial high frequency (dielectric) welders, framed by Polish labor safety regulations aligned with EU Directive 2013/35/EU. It reports real-world scenarios where excessive EMF exposure can occur near welders, often linked to errors or omissions during…

The effect of a high frequency electromagnetic field in the microwave range on red blood cells.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

An in vitro study examined red blood cells exposed to an 18 GHz electromagnetic field and assessed uptake of nanospheres. The authors report that EMF exposure enabled nanosphere uptake into RBCs, with different translocation behavior for 23.5 nm versus 46.3 nm particles. Uptake was reported to increase with higher…

Is mobile phone radiation genotoxic? An analysis of micronucleus frequency in exfoliated buccal cells.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This cross-sectional study assessed whether mobile phone-associated EMF exposure is associated with micronucleus frequency in exfoliated buccal cells. Among 86 healthy users aged 18–30, micronucleus frequency was not associated with duration of daily calls and did not differ significantly between the cheek on the…

The expression of pluripotency and neuronal differentiation markers under the influence of electromagnetic field and nitric oxide.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This in vitro study examined how 50 Hz low-frequency EMF and a nitric oxide donor (Deta-NO) affect stemness and neuronal differentiation markers in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The authors report that high NO (1 mM) combined with EMF reduced stemness markers and increased neuronal differentiation markers,…

Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on morphine analgesia and tolerance in rats.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This animal study examined whether extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure alters morphine analgesia and tolerance in rats. Rats exposed to a 50 Hz magnetic field (reported as 5 mT) showed higher morphine analgesic effects than rats given morphine without field exposure. In morphine-tolerant rats,…

Rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells aging reduction by zinc sulfate under extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure is associated with increased telomerase reverse transcriptase gene expression.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This in vitro study exposed rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells to 50 Hz, 20 mT ELF-EMF for 30 minutes per day over 21 days, with and without zinc sulfate. The authors report ELF-EMF exposure decreased TERT gene expression and increased senescent cells. Zinc sulfate was reported to increase TERT expression and…

Stable morphological-physiological and neural protein expression changes in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells treated with electromagnetic field and nitric oxide.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This in vitro study evaluated combined effects of extremely low frequency EMF (50 Hz, 20 mT) and nitric oxide (NO) on rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The authors report reduced viability and morphology changes with high NO in the presence of EMF, along with increased calcium ion entry. They also report…

[Effect of stress and intesity of mobile phone using on the health and subjective symptoms in GSM workers].

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This cross-sectional questionnaire study examined stress and mobile phone use in GSM network employees. Stress measures differed across groups defined by phone use duration and conversation length. Speaking on a mobile phone for more than 60 minutes/day was associated with a higher reported risk of headaches even…

Effects of radiofrequency exposure emitted from a GSM mobile phone on proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of neural stem cells.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This in vitro study evaluated adult murine neural stem cells exposed to GSM 900-MHz radiofrequency emissions from a mobile phone across different exposure durations. The authors report significant decreases in neurosphere number/size and neuronal differentiation with increasing exposure duration. They report no…

Changes in viability of rat adipose-derived stem cells isolated from abdominal/perinuclear adipose tissue stimulated with pulsed electromagnetic field.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This in vitro study exposed rat adipose-derived stem cells to a pulsed electromagnetic field (7 Hz, 30 mT) and assessed viability by flow cytometry. The authors report that a low-fat diet was protective in PEMF-exposed ADSCs, especially in pups. They also report a higher proportion of early apoptotic cells in…

Theta-gamma coupling in hippocampus during working memory deficits induced by low frequency electromagnetic field exposure.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This mouse study examined whether 50 Hz, 1 mT electromagnetic field exposure affects working memory and hippocampal electrophysiology. The authors report reduced Y-maze working memory performance after 3 days of EMF exposure, accompanied by decreased hippocampal firing rates. They also report reduced theta and…

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