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Extremely low frequency variable electromagnetic fields affect cancer and noncancerous cells in vitro differently: Preliminary study.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This in vitro study exposed cancer (U87-MG; 143B) and noncancerous (BJ; HEK) cells to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields under varying frequencies (2–60 Hz), waveforms, and exposure durations, with sham controls. Cell viability was assessed using an MTT assay. The authors report that cancer and…

Gene Expression Analysis in Human Peripheral Blood Cells after 900 MHz RF-EMF Short-Term Exposure.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This ex vivo/in vitro study exposed peripheral blood cells from five human donors to a 900 MHz continuous-wave RF-EMF for up to 90 minutes (average SAR 9.3 W/kg). After false discovery rate adjustment, the authors report no EMF-specific gene expression changes on microarray analysis. Although low-stringency analysis…

Influence of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields on the Fertility System: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This article presents a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis on radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure from electronic devices and effects on the fertility system. The authors cite growing public concern and conflicting findings in prior studies as motivation. The protocol plans broad database…

Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields accelerates wound healing modulating MMP-9 and inflammatory cytokines.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This in vitro study used a scratch wound model in human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) to examine effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF). ELF-EMF exposure was reported to accelerate wound closure compared with sham and to increase inflammatory cytokine expression/release. The authors…

Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (EMF) generates alterations in the synthesis and secretion of oestradiol-17β (E) in uterine tissues: An in vitro study.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This in vitro study exposed porcine endometrial and myometrial slices to extremely low-frequency EMF (50 or 120 Hz, 8 mT) for 2 or 4 hours, with or without progesterone. The authors report frequency- and time-dependent changes in oestradiol-17β secretion and CYP19A3 mRNA expression, with fewer changes when…

SAR thresholds for electromagnetic exposure using functional thermal dose limits.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This paper analyzes how conservative current localized RF EMF SAR basic restrictions may be by estimating the implied safety factor. The authors derive thermal dose–functional SAR limits from literature-reported thresholds for acute local tissue damage and compare these to existing basic restrictions. They report…

Continuous 900-megahertz electromagnetic field applied in middle and late-adolescence causes qualitative and quantitative changes in the ovarian morphology, tissue and blood biochemistry of the rat.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This animal study exposed adolescent female rats to a 900-MHz electromagnetic field for 1 hour per day from postnatal days 35 to 59 and assessed ovarian histology and biochemical markers. The EMF group showed multiple histopathological changes in ovarian tissue and had fewer secondary follicles than the other groups.…

Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on turkeys.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This animal study exposed turkeys to ELF electromagnetic fields (50 Hz, 10 μT) for 3 weeks and assessed norepinephrine-activated β-adrenoceptor function via cAMP measurements over time. The authors report a time-dependent decrease in β-adrenoceptor function in exposed birds, while serum toxicological parameters…

The effects of microwave radiation on rabbit's retina.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This experimental rabbit study evaluated retinal effects of GSM cell phone simulator microwave irradiation at different distances and durations. ERG outcomes 7 days after exposure showed no statistically significant differences between groups, although irradiated eyes showed non-significant trends toward greater…

Microwave radiation leading to shrinkage of dendritic spines in hippocampal neurons mediated by SNK-SPAR pathway.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This animal study exposed Wistar rats to microwave radiation (30 mW/cm for 6 minutes, three times per week for six weeks) and assessed cognition, hippocampal dendritic spines, ultrastructure, and SNK-SPAR pathway molecules. The authors report impaired spatial learning and memory, dendritic spine loss/shrinkage, and…

Novel synthesis of MeO (Ni, Cu, La)@Nano-CoO from combination of complexation and impregnation in ultrasonic intervention for low temperature oxidation of toluene under microwave radiation.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This engineering study describes synthesis of nano-metal binary oxide catalysts using complexation and impregnation with ultrasonic intervention for low-temperature catalytic oxidation of toluene under microwave radiation. The La-Co catalyst prepared with ultrasonic intervention is reported to have the best…

Activation of TLR signalling regulates microwave radiation-mediated impairment of spermatogenesis in rat testis.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This rat study examined whether microwave radiation affects Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in testis. The authors report increased TLR2-5 expression and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) after microwave exposure. Key phosphorylated components of TLR signaling (including NF-κB p65) were also…

Autophagy mediates the degradation of synaptic vesicles: A potential mechanism of synaptic plasticity injury induced by microwave exposure in rats.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This animal study used an in vivo microwave exposure model (30 mW/cm) and reports reversible neuronal injuries in rats. The authors observed cognitive impairment and synaptic plasticity injury in hippocampal neurons following exposure. Autophagy was activated, and autophagosomes showed increased association with…

2.45 GHz microwave radiation induced oxidative and nitrosative stress mediated testicular apoptosis: Involvement of a p53 dependent bax-caspase-3 mediated pathway.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This animal study exposed 12-week-old male mice to 2.45 GHz continuous-wave microwave radiation (average power density 0.0248 mW/cm; whole-body SAR 0.0146 W/kg) for 2 hours/day over 15, 30, or 60 days. The authors evaluated testicular histology, testosterone, oxidative/nitrosative stress markers, antioxidant enzymes,…

Microwave radiation alters burn injury-evoked electric potential in Nicotiana benthamiana.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This plant study examined whether 2.45 GHz continuous-wave microwave exposure affects electric signaling in Nicotiana benthamiana after leaf burning. The authors report a significant reduction in the amplitude of the injury-evoked variation potential, mainly due to a reduced depolarization rate. The reported effect…

After-effect induced by microwave radiation in human electroencephalographic signal: a feasibility study.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This feasibility study tested whether microwave radiation (450 MHz, 40 Hz modulation; 1 g peak spatial average SAR 0.3 W/kg) can induce detectable event-related potentials in EEG. In one subject across four sessions, EEG responses time-locked to exposure offset showed increased alpha-band signal and about a twofold…

Age-dependent effect of long-term microwave radiation on postnatal neurogenesis in rats: morphological and behavioral study.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This animal study examined pulsed-wave 2.45 GHz microwave radiation exposure (1 or 3 hours daily for 3 weeks) in adult and juvenile rats and assessed neurogenesis-related markers in the rostral migratory stream. The authors report reduced cell proliferation in adults and longer-lasting effects on cell death after…

Biodegradable, pH-sensitive chitosan beads obtained under microwave radiation for advanced cell culture.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This in vitro study describes microwave-assisted, green-chemistry synthesis of pH-sensitive chitosan beads crosslinked with a glutamic acid/1,5-pentanodiol mixture and optionally modified with Tilia platyphyllos extract. The beads were characterized (FT-IR, SEM), tested for swelling, pH sensitivity, antioxidant…

NTP Technical Report on the Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies: GSM- and CDMA-modulated Cell Phone RFR, NTP TR 595

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This NTP technical report describes long-term rat studies exposing animals to 900 MHz GSM and CDMA-modulated radiofrequency radiation at whole-body SAR levels of 0, 1.5, 3, and 6 W/kg, including exposure beginning before birth. The abstract reports NTP concluded there was "clear evidence" for malignant schwannoma of…

Effect of Exposure to 900 MHz GSM Mobile Phone Radiofrequency Radiation on Estrogen Receptor Methylation Status in Colon Cells of Male Sprague Dawley Rats

Research RF Safe Research Library Mar 1, 2017

This animal study exposed male Sprague-Dawley rats to 900 MHz GSM mobile phone RF radiation for 4 hours and assessed ERα promoter methylation in colon tissue. The authors report altered ERα methylation patterns versus controls after RF exposure. They also report no radioadaptive response in ERα methylation following…

Using smartphone technology to deliver a virtual pedestrian environment: usability and validation.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This study assessed usability, feasibility, and validity of a smartphone-delivered virtual pedestrian environment by comparing it with a semi-immersive kiosk virtual environment. Among 68 adults, participants used the smartphone system without difficulty, reported no significant simulator sickness, and rated it as…

Mobile phone generated vibrations used to detect diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This level II diagnostic investigation evaluated whether vibrations generated by a mobile phone could screen for diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Among 61 participants across control, lower-limb injury, and neuropathy groups, the mobile phone vibration test showed higher reported overall accuracy than a tuning fork or…

Delivery of Patient-Reported Outcome Instruments by Automated Mobile Phone Text Messaging.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This study compared patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores collected on paper versus automated mobile phone text messaging in orthopedic hand and upper extremity clinic patients. Over 48 hours, the same patients completed SF-12 and QuickDASH via text messages in random order. High intraclass correlations were reported…

C-phycocyanin extraction assisted by pulsed electric field from Artrosphira platensis.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This engineering/food-processing study evaluates pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment of fresh Artrhospira platensis biomass to enhance aqueous extraction of C-phycocyanin. Extraction depended on electric field strength, treatment time, and application temperature, with higher temperatures reducing the required…

Miniaturized Battery-Free Wireless Systems for Wearable Pulse Oximetry.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2017

This engineering study describes miniaturized, flexible, battery-free wearable pulse oximetry systems that use near-field communication (NFC) for wireless operation. The devices capture and transmit photoplethysmograms to derive blood oxygenation, heart rate, and heart rate variability. The abstract reports…

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