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A Single Exposure to GSM-1800 MHz Signals in the Course of an Acute Neuroinflammatory Reaction can Alter Neuronal Responses and Microglial Morphology in the Rat Primary Auditory Cortex.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This animal study examined whether acute GSM-1800 MHz exposure affects the auditory cortex during experimentally induced neuroinflammation. In LPS-treated rats, a single 2-hour head-only exposure (average SAR 1.55 W/kg in auditory cortex) was associated with altered microglial morphology and reduced neuronal activity…

Evaluation of MRI RF electromagnetic field induced heating near leads of cochlear implants.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This simulation study evaluated RF-induced heating near cochlear implant leads during 1.5 T MRI using a transfer function method. Across studied configurations, the average temperature rise was 0.79 °C and the maximum was 2.80 °C at a whole-body average SAR of 2 W/kg. The authors report that lead trajectory and MRI…

Wireless control of cellular function by activation of a novel protein responsive to electromagnetic fields.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This study reports the identification of an electromagnetic perceptive gene (EPG) from glass catfish and its expression in mammalian cells, neuronal cultures, and rat brain. The authors report that magnetic/EMF stimulation remotely increased intracellular calcium in EPG-expressing cells and neurons. They also report…

Effect of 900-MHz Electromagnetic Field on the Cerebellum: A Histopathological Investigation.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This animal study evaluated histopathological effects of 900-MHz RF-EMF exposure on the rat cerebellum. The exposed group showed intense caspase-3 expression in Purkinje and granular cells and histological changes consistent with apoptosis. Cerebellar layer thickness appeared reduced in exposed animals, although…

Low frequency electromagnetic field decreases ischemia-reperfusion injury of human cardiomyocytes and supports their metabolic function.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This in vitro study tested whether extremely low frequency/low frequency electromagnetic field (LF-EMF) exposure modifies ischemia-reperfusion injury in human cardiac-related cell types. Using LDH and MMP-2 activities and fluorescein diacetate staining, the authors report that short courses of LF-EMF reduced cellular…

Effect of Electromagnetic Waves from Mobile Phones on Spermatogenesis in the Era of 4G-LTE.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This animal experiment assessed whether long-duration 4G-LTE mobile phone electromagnetic field exposure affects spermatogenesis in male rats. After 1 month, the highest exposure condition (3 cm distance, 18 h/day) had reduced spermatid, spermatogonia, total germ cell, and Leydig cell counts compared with sham and…

Spatial electromagnetic field intensity modelling of global system for mobile communication base stations in the Istanbul Technical University Ayazaga campus area.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This study measured RF electric field intensities at 900 and 1800 MHz at 29 points on the Istanbul Technical University campus and produced spatial EMF intensity heat maps using GIS interpolation. Three interpolation methods were compared and the mapped measurements were evaluated against ICNIRP reference limits. All…

Electromagnetic field exposure (50 Hz) impairs response to noxious heat in American cockroach.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This animal study examined whether 50 Hz electromagnetic field exposure (7 mT) affects heat-escape behavior and oxidative balance in American cockroaches. The authors report increased latency to escape from noxious heat after 24 h, 72 h, and 7 days of exposure. Biomarkers suggested oxidative stress, with elevated…

Selenium supplementation ameliorates electromagnetic field-induced oxidative stress in the HEK293 cells.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This in vitro study examined whether selenium supplementation modifies oxidative stress and apoptosis markers in HEK293 cells exposed to 2.4 GHz EMF. The authors report that EMF exposure increased lipid peroxidation (MDA) and apoptosis-related markers while decreasing antioxidant enzyme activities and bcl-2 versus…

Does precautionary information about electromagnetic fields trigger nocebo responses? An experimental risk communication study.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This experimental study tested whether providing precautionary information about EMF from WLAN devices increases symptom reporting during an alleged exposure situation. In a sham-exposure design (N=137), participants received either basic information about current WLAN exposure limits or additional precautionary…

Effects of Fifty-Hertz Electromagnetic Fields on Granulocytic Differentiation of ATRA-Treated Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia NB4 Cells.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This in vitro study examined whether 50 Hz, 2 mT extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields affect ATRA-driven granulocytic differentiation in NB4 acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. The authors report reduced proliferation and enhanced maturation/differentiation markers with ELF-EMF exposure. They also report…

Electromagnetic field pretreatment of Sinapis alba seeds improved cadmium phytoextraction.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This laboratory study tested whether brief ELF-EMF seed pretreatment could enhance cadmium accumulation in white mustard seedlings. Seeds exposed to 50 Hz alternating EMF (60 or 120 mT) for 1 minute produced shoots with higher cadmium content than controls, while biomass was unchanged. The authors suggest potential…

Does acute radio-frequency electromagnetic field exposure affect visual event-related potentials in healthy adults?

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This double-blind, randomized, counterbalanced study tested whether acute GSM-like 920 MHz RF-EMF exposure affects visual event-related potentials in 36 healthy adults. Compared with sham, exposure was associated with reduced P1 amplitude and increased anterior N1 latency, with no effects on other ERP measures. The…

Extremely low frequency variable electromagnetic fields affect cancer and noncancerous cells in vitro differently: Preliminary study.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This in vitro study exposed cancer (U87-MG; 143B) and noncancerous (BJ; HEK) cells to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields under varying frequencies (2–60 Hz), waveforms, and exposure durations, with sham controls. Cell viability was assessed using an MTT assay. The authors report that cancer and…

Effect of a 1800 MHz electromagnetic field emitted during embryogenesis on chick development and hatchability.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This animal study examined 1800 MHz EMF exposure during chick embryogenesis and assessed development, malformations, organ measures, and stress-related biomarkers. The authors report earlier pipping and hatching without an increase in malformations or changes in chick quantity/quality. They also report decreased…

Electromagnetic Field Could Protect SH-SY5Y Cells Against Cisplatin Cytotoxicity, But Not MCF-7 Cells.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This in vitro study exposed MCF-7 and SH-SY5Y cells to a 50 Hz, 0.50 mT electromagnetic field in combination with cisplatin and/or morphine. The combined "CDDP+Mor+EMF" condition showed higher cisplatin IC values than cisplatin alone and "CDDP+Mor" in both cell lines, consistent with reduced cisplatin cytotoxicity.…

Effects of 1800 MHz RF-EMF exposure on DNA damage and cellular functions in primary cultured neurogenic cells.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This in vitro study exposed primary cultured astrocytes, microglia, and cortical neurons to 1800 MHz RF-EMF at 4.0 W/kg SAR to assess DNA damage and cellular functions. The authors report no significant induction of γH2AX foci and no significant changes in cytokine secretion or dendrite/synapse morphological…

Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields accelerates wound healing modulating MMP-9 and inflammatory cytokines.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This in vitro study used a scratch wound model in human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) to examine effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF). ELF-EMF exposure was reported to accelerate wound closure compared with sham and to increase inflammatory cytokine expression/release. The authors…

Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on turkeys.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This animal study exposed turkeys to ELF electromagnetic fields (50 Hz, 10 μT) for 3 weeks and assessed norepinephrine-activated β-adrenoceptor function via cAMP measurements over time. The authors report a time-dependent decrease in β-adrenoceptor function in exposed birds, while serum toxicological parameters…

Effects of 1950 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on Aβ processing in human neuroblastoma and mouse hippocampal neuronal cells.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This in vitro study exposed HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells and SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells to 1950 MHz RF-EMF at SAR 6 W/kg for 2 hours per day over 3 days. RF-EMF exposure reduced mRNA levels of several Aβ-processing genes in HT22 cells, but did not change APP mRNA in SH-SY5Y cells. Protein levels of…

The effects of microwave radiation on rabbit's retina.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This experimental rabbit study evaluated retinal effects of GSM cell phone simulator microwave irradiation at different distances and durations. ERG outcomes 7 days after exposure showed no statistically significant differences between groups, although irradiated eyes showed non-significant trends toward greater…

Structural features of hydroxyapatite and carbonated apatite formed under the influence of ultrasound and microwave radiation and their effect on the bioactivity of the nanomaterials.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This study reports synthesizing hydroxyapatite and carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite using ultrasound and microwave radiation as processing methods. The authors report that these physical factors produced calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite and B-type carbonated apatite and increased in vitro bioactivity compared…

Autophagy mediates the degradation of synaptic vesicles: A potential mechanism of synaptic plasticity injury induced by microwave exposure in rats.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This animal study used an in vivo microwave exposure model (30 mW/cm) and reports reversible neuronal injuries in rats. The authors observed cognitive impairment and synaptic plasticity injury in hippocampal neurons following exposure. Autophagy was activated, and autophagosomes showed increased association with…

Effect of 2.45 GHz microwave radiation on the fertility pattern in male mice.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This animal study examined 2.45 GHz microwave exposure in male Swiss albino mice for 2 hours per day over 30 days. The authors report increased oxidative stress markers and reduced antioxidant enzymes and testosterone in exposed mice versus sham controls. They also report micronuclei formation in blood and…

2.45 GHz microwave radiation induced oxidative and nitrosative stress mediated testicular apoptosis: Involvement of a p53 dependent bax-caspase-3 mediated pathway.

Research RF Safe Research Library Jan 1, 2018

This animal study exposed 12-week-old male mice to 2.45 GHz continuous-wave microwave radiation (average power density 0.0248 mW/cm; whole-body SAR 0.0146 W/kg) for 2 hours/day over 15, 30, or 60 days. The authors evaluated testicular histology, testosterone, oxidative/nitrosative stress markers, antioxidant enzymes,…

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