Thermomagnetic Resonance Effect of the Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field on Three-Dimensional Cancer Models.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2022
This in vitro study tested an ELF-EMF at a calculated thermal resonant frequency in 2D and 3D culture models of human pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma, and breast cancer. The authors report reduced cell growth and a metabolic shift, including potentiation of coupled and uncoupled respiration and altered transcription…
Treatment with Pulsed Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field (PELF-EMF) Exhibit Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Effect in Compression Spinal Cord Injury Model.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2022
This animal study tested a pulsed extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (PELF-EMF) SEQEX device in a mouse compression spinal cord injury model. Mice received 4 hours of daily exposure for two months starting 2 hours after injury. The study reports reduced inflammatory and astrocyte activation markers,…
Anticancer and antibacterial potentials induced post short-term exposure to electromagnetic field and silver nanoparticles and related pathological and genetic alterations: in vitro study.
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2022
This in vitro study evaluated short-term extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), alone and combined, for antibacterial effects and apoptosis induction in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The authors report time-dependent reductions in bacterial viable counts, with…
First Identification of the Effects of Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field on the Micromolecular Changes in Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy.
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This in vitro study exposed adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells to a continuous 50 Hz electromagnetic field at 1.5 mT for 24, 48, or 72 hours and assessed micromolecular changes using FTIR spectroscopy. The authors report the largest FTIR spectral differences versus control in nucleic acids and proteins…
The Dynamic(s) of Adipose Stem Cell System, Their Survival, and Cessation under the Influence of Electromagnetic Fields.
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This in vitro study examined how extremely low frequency EMF affects adipose-derived stem cell proliferation, cell cycle, viability, and death using fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry. Under continuous exposure at 76.6 Hz and 20 T (ICR-based parameters), the authors report a statistically significant increase…
Effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field parameters on the proliferation of human breast cancer.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This in vitro study tested how varying ELF-EMF parameters (frequency, flux density, duration, and continuous vs switching exposure) affect breast cancer and normal breast epithelial cell lines. The authors report that an optimized switching exposure pattern (7.83 ± 0.3 Hz, 1 mT) reduced viability of MDA-MB-231 cells…
Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields promote cognitive function and hippocampal neurogenesis of rats with cerebral ischemia.
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This animal study evaluated whether ELF-EMF exposure affects recovery-related outcomes after cerebral ischemia in rats. Rats exposed to 50 Hz, 1 mT ELF-EMF for 2 hours daily over 28 days showed better Morris water maze performance than untreated rats. The study also reports increased hippocampal neurogenesis markers…
Synergistic effect of electromagnetic fields and nanomagnetic particles on osteogenesis through calcium channels and p-ERK signaling.
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2021
This in vitro and animal study evaluated whether extremely low frequency EMF exposure (1 mT, 45 Hz, 8 h/day) combined with Fe-based nanomagnetic particles enhances osteogenesis. The authors report no detectable cytotoxicity and increased osteogenic markers/proteins with combined NMP + EMF exposure, alongside…
Treating honey bees with an extremely low frequency electromagnetic field and pesticides: Impact on the rate of disappearance of azoxystrobin and λ-cyhalothrin and the structure of some functional groups of the probabilistic molecules.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2020
This laboratory study examined whether 50 Hz (ELF) electromagnetic field exposure changes pesticide disappearance rates and molecular functional group signatures in honey bees. EMF altered the disappearance rates of azoxystrobin and λ-cyhalothrin within 6 hours, with different patterns depending on whether pesticides…
EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD EXPOSURE MEASUREMENT IN THE VICINITY OF WIND TURBINES.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2020
This exposure assessment measured extremely low frequency magnetic fields near 22 wind turbines in two wind farms in Greece using a Narda NBM-550 with an EHP-50F probe and processing aligned with the 2013/35/EU Directive. Mean magnetic field intensity at the turbine base was reported as low (0.146 µT) and declined to…
Effect of Rehabilitation with Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field on Molecular Mechanism of Apoptosis in Post-Stroke Patients.
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2020
This study evaluated whether adding extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure to a rehabilitation program affects apoptosis-related gene expression in post-stroke patients. Forty-eight patients (3–4 weeks post-incident) were divided into ELF-EMF and non-ELF-EMF groups, with the ELF-EMF group…
Effect of Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Expression of T-bet and GATA-3 Genes and Serum Interferon-γ and Interleukin-4.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This rat study examined 50 Hz ELF-EMF exposure (1–2000 μT) for 60 days and measured Th-related gene expression and cytokines in an HSA-stimulated immune model. Splenic T-bet and GATA-3 mRNA expression decreased at 1 and 100 μT. Serum IFN-γ and IL-4 were significantly decreased in the 100 μT group only before HSA…
Evaluation of the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field on the levels of some inflammatory cytokines in post-stroke patients.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This study evaluated whether adding therapeutic extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) treatment to a rehabilitation program affects inflammatory cytokine activity in post-stroke patients. Following ELF-EMF treatment, IL-1β plasma levels and IL-1β mRNA expression increased, and IL-2 plasma levels…
Effects of single and combined low frequency electromagnetic fields and simulated microgravity on gene expression of human mesenchymal stem cells during chondrogenesis.
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This in vitro study exposed human mesenchymal stem cell pellets undergoing chondrogenesis to simulated microgravity (SMG), low-frequency EMF (5 mT, 15 Hz), or both for 3 weeks. SMG significantly changed gene expression and reduced chondrogenic marker expression (including COL2A1). LF-EMF alone showed no…
Modulation of antioxidant enzyme gene expression by extremely low frequency electromagnetic field in post-stroke patients.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This study evaluated whether adding extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) therapy to standard physical therapy modulates antioxidant gene expression in post-stroke patients. Forty-eight patients were split into an ELF-EMF group and a non-ELF-EMF group, with both groups receiving the same physical…
Increase in Blood Levels of Growth Factors Involved in the Neuroplasticity Process by Using an Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field in Post-stroke Patients.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This study evaluated whether adding extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) therapy to standard post-stroke rehabilitation affects biomarkers of neuroplasticity and functional recovery. Forty-eight patients completed the same rehabilitation program, with the study group additionally receiving 10…
Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field reduces oxidative stress during the rehabilitation of post-acute stroke patients.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This study evaluated ELF-EMF magnetotherapy as an adjunct to post-acute ischemic stroke rehabilitation in 57 patients, comparing those who received ELF-EMF therapy with those who did not. The authors report that oxidative stress markers (TBARS, thiol, and carbonyl groups) decreased more in the ELF-EMF group than in…
Low frequency electromagnetic field decreases ischemia-reperfusion injury of human cardiomyocytes and supports their metabolic function.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This in vitro study tested whether extremely low frequency/low frequency electromagnetic field (LF-EMF) exposure modifies ischemia-reperfusion injury in human cardiac-related cell types. Using LDH and MMP-2 activities and fluorescein diacetate staining, the authors report that short courses of LF-EMF reduced cellular…
Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields promote mesenchymal stem cell migration by increasing intracellular Ca and activating the FAK/Rho GTPases signaling pathways in vitro.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This in vitro study exposed human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells to extremely low frequency EMF (7.5–70 Hz, 1 mT) generated by Helmholtz coils. The authors report increased MSC migration across all tested frequencies. Mechanistically, the effect is described as dependent on intracellular calcium and…
The effect of exposure to low frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) as an integral part of the housing system on anxiety-related behaviour, cognition and welfare in two strains of laboratory mouse.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This animal study tested whether continuous low-frequency EMF exposure from a cage-integrated EMF plate affected anxiety-related behaviour, cognition, or welfare over six weeks in two mouse strains. Across all measured outcomes, the authors report no significant differences between EMF on versus off conditions.…
Extremely low frequency variable electromagnetic fields affect cancer and noncancerous cells in vitro differently: Preliminary study.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This in vitro study exposed cancer (U87-MG; 143B) and noncancerous (BJ; HEK) cells to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields under varying frequencies (2–60 Hz), waveforms, and exposure durations, with sham controls. Cell viability was assessed using an MTT assay. The authors report that cancer and…
Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on turkeys.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This animal study exposed turkeys to ELF electromagnetic fields (50 Hz, 10 μT) for 3 weeks and assessed norepinephrine-activated β-adrenoceptor function via cAMP measurements over time. The authors report a time-dependent decrease in β-adrenoceptor function in exposed birds, while serum toxicological parameters…
Effects of electromagnetic fields on bone loss in hyperthyroidism rat model.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This animal study evaluated whether extremely low frequency EMF exposure affects bone loss in a levothyroxine-induced hyperthyroidism rat model. Rats exposed to 15 Hz/1 mT EMF plus levothyroxine showed improved bone mineral density, mechanical measures, and partially restored trabecular bone architecture compared…
Effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field on brain histopathology of Caspian Sea Cyprinus carpio.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This animal study evaluated 50 Hz extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure and brain histopathology in Cyprinus carpio. Fish were sham-exposed or exposed to magnetic field intensities from 0.1 to 7 mT for 0.5 or 1 hour. The authors report severe brain histopathological changes at intensities ≥3 mT,…
Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on morphine analgesia and tolerance in rats.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This animal study examined whether extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure alters morphine analgesia and tolerance in rats. Rats exposed to a 50 Hz magnetic field (reported as 5 mT) showed higher morphine analgesic effects than rats given morphine without field exposure. In morphine-tolerant rats,…