Effects of wireless local area network exposure on testicular morphology and VEGF levels
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2026
This rat study examined 2.45 GHz WLAN-like EMF exposure (3 V/m; SAR 0.00208 W/kg) for 1 hour/day over 60 days and assessed testicular morphology and VEGF-related markers. The abstract reports increased VEGFA gene expression and protein levels in exposed animals, with no change in HIF1A expression. It also reports…
Massive assessment of exposure to 5G electromagnetic fields in France: a 5-year synthesis
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2026
This paper reports results from a large-scale, multi-phase measurement campaign in mainland France assessing changes in RF exposure associated with 5G deployment from 2020 to 2024. Using more than 24,000 on-ground measurements in direct view of 5G antennas, it finds small average increases in broadband exposure and…
Evaluation of 4.0 GHz RF Exposure Effects on Bioaerosols Containing Bovine Coronavirus.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2026
This in vitro study tested whether 4.0 GHz microwave exposure affects survival of aerosolized bovine coronavirus in a waveguide system. Using TCID assays, the authors report no statistically significant reduction in virus survival compared with controls and no significant change in variability. The paper emphasizes…
Parametric analysis of electromagnetic wave interactions with layered biological tissues for varying frequency, polarization, and fat thickness
Research
PubMed: RF-EMF health
Dec 26, 2025
This PubMed-listed study models how RF electromagnetic waves interact with a simplified three-layer tissue structure (skin–fat–muscle) across common ISM bands (433, 915, 2450, 5800 MHz), varying polarization (TE/TM), incidence angle, and fat thickness. Using a custom MATLAB pipeline combining multilayer…
Exposure to 5G-NR electromagnetic fields affects larval development of Aedes aegypti mosquito
Research
PubMed: RF-EMF health
Dec 25, 2025
A PubMed-listed study examined whether exposure to 5G New Radio (5G-NR) radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) at 3.6 GHz affects larval development in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Using a custom reverberation-chamber exposure setup and numerical simulations to estimate dose, the authors report slower…
Mitigating Heat-Induced Sperm Damage and Testicular Tissue Abnormalities: The Protective Role of Radiofrequency Radiation from Wi-Fi Routers in Rodent Models
Research
PubMed: RF-EMF health
Dec 11, 2025
A rodent experimental study on PubMed reports that 2.45 GHz Wi‑Fi radiofrequency exposure may reduce heat stress–related damage in male rat testes and sperm parameters. The authors describe this as the first study examining a potentially protective effect of RF‑EMF against heat-induced testicular abnormalities,…
The Effect of 5G Mobile Phone Electromagnetic Exposure on Corticospinal and Intracortical Excitability in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Oct 22, 2025
This randomized controlled pilot study examined whether short-term 5G mobile phone exposure (3.6 GHz; 0.0030 W/m2) affects corticospinal and intracortical excitability in 19 healthy adults. No significant exposure-by-time interactions were found for CSE, ICF, SICI, or LICI when comparing 5-minute, 20-minute, and sham…
Effects of paternal 5G RFR exposure on health of male offspring mice
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This animal study examined whether paternal exposure to 4.9 GHz (5G) radiofrequency radiation affects male offspring in C57BL/6 mice. It reports increased anxiety-like behavior and reduced sperm quality in adult F1 males from exposed fathers, alongside reported LRGUK hypermethylation and reduced LRGUK expression in…
Alpha-Lipoic Acid Preserves Testicular Integrity Under 2.45 GHz Electromagnetic Radiation by Restoring Redox and Inflammatory Balance
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This animal study exposed adult male rats to 2.45 GHz electromagnetic radiation for 2 hours/day for one month and assessed testicular outcomes. The abstract reports that EMR exposure induced oxidative stress, increased inflammatory markers, and caused histological testicular injury. Alpha-lipoic acid supplementation…
Exposure to 5G-NR electromagnetic fields affects larval development of Aedes aegypti mosquito
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This animal study exposed Aedes aegypti larvae to 5G-NR RF-EMF at 3.6 GHz for 5 days under two feeding regimes. The study reports delayed development at a lower exposure level mainly in nutritionally weakened larvae, and at a higher exposure level reports developmental changes and reduced adult size attributed to…
Intercomparisons of computed epithelial/absorbed power density & temperature rise in anatomical human face models under localized exposures at 10 & 30 GHz
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This dosimetry intercomparison evaluated epithelial/absorbed power density and temperature rise in two high-resolution anatomical human face models under localized antenna exposures at 10 and 30 GHz. The study reports a statistical correlation between spatially averaged absorbed power density and temperature rise…
Flora and fauna: how nonhuman species interact with natural and man-made EMF at ecosystem levels and public policy recommendations
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This review discusses how increasing ambient nonionizing EMF (0–300 GHz), particularly RF from modern wireless technologies and satellites, may affect flora and fauna at ecosystem levels. It states that many nonhuman species rely on electro/magneto-reception and that even low-intensity EMF exposures are capable of…
No Measurable Impact of Acute 26 GHz 5G Exposure on Salivary Stress Markers in Healthy Adults
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This triple-blind randomized study tested whether 26.5 minutes of 26 GHz (5G) RF exposure at environmental-like levels alters salivary stress biomarkers in healthy adults. Salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase measured before, during, and after exposure did not differ between real and sham conditions. An exploratory…
Millimeter-wave high frequency 5G (26 GHz) electromagnetic fields do not modulate human brain electrical activity
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This randomized, triple-blind crossover study examined whether 26 GHz (5G millimeter-wave) exposure affects human EEG activity. Thirty-one healthy young adults completed real and sham 26.5-minute exposures at 2 V/m, with EEG recorded before, during, and after exposure. The study reports no significant effects of…
Assessment of Electromagnetic Field Exposure from Multiple Sources Simultaneously in the High- Frequency Range Based on Safety Standards
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This conference paper proposes a method to assess combined EMF exposure from multiple simultaneous high-frequency sources using a normalized exposure ratio based on ICNIRP 2020 guidelines. It emphasizes a current gap in standardized absorbed power density (Sab) measurement above 10 GHz and proposes incident power…
Behaviour and reproduction of Drosophila melanogaster exposed to 3.6 GHz radio-frequency electromagnetic fields
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This animal study assessed whether 3.6 GHz RF-EMF exposure affects behaviour and reproduction in adult Drosophila melanogaster, using micro-CT-based digital-twin dosimetry and numerical simulations. It reports no significant changes in locomotor activity after 5 days at 5.4–9 V/m and no effect on fecundity over 48…
Time-Dependence Effect of 2.45 GHz RF-EMR Exposure on Male Reproductive Hormones and LHCGR
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This animal study exposed male Sprague Dawley rats to 2.45 GHz Wi-Fi for varying daily durations over eight weeks and assessed reproductive hormones and LHCGR expression. Serum LH and testosterone did not differ significantly from controls, but LHCGR mRNA increased with longer exposure and LHCGR protein showed…
Effects of Simultaneous In-Vitro Exposure to 5G-Modulated 3.5 GHz and GSM-Modulated 1.8 GHz Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Neuronal Network Electrical Activity and Cellular Stress in Skin Fibroblast Cells
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This in-vitro study exposed primary cortical neurons and human immortalized skin fibroblasts to simultaneous 5G-modulated 3.5 GHz and GSM-modulated 1.8 GHz RF-EMF at SARs of 1 or 4 W/kg. It reports no significant changes in neuronal network firing/bursting activity and no alteration of mitochondrial ROS in…
Male Reproductive and Cellular Damage After Prenatal 3.5 GHz Radiation Exposure: One-Year Postnatal Effects
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This animal study examined whether prenatal exposure to 3.5 GHz radiofrequency radiation (2 hours/day) affects male reproductive outcomes later in life. Male rat offspring assessed at 12 months showed multiple adverse testicular and cellular findings in exposed groups versus sham controls, including impaired…
RF-EMF Exposure Assessment: Comparison of Measurements in Airports and Flights with and Without Wi-Fi Service
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This exposure assessment used personal exposimeters to measure RF-EMF levels in the 2.4 GHz and 5.85 GHz Wi-Fi bands in airport terminals and during four international flights, including flights with and without onboard Wi-Fi service. Reported mean exposures varied by route but were described as substantially below…
Exposure Variability Between 1- or 6-Minute and 30-Minute Averaging Time Lengths in Radiofrequency-Electromagnetic Field Exposure Monitoring
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This exposure assessment study compared RF-EMF measurements averaged over 1, 6, and 30 minutes using contiguous 1-minute data collected over 30 minutes at four indoor/outdoor sites across 15 frequency bands. Relative deviations between shorter averaging times and 30-minute averages were largely within ±3 dB. However,…
Prolonged 3.5 GHz and 24 GHz RF-EMF Exposure Alters Testicular Immune Balance, Apoptotic Gene Expression, and Sperm Function in Rats
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This rat study examined 60-day RF-EMF exposure at 3.5 GHz and 24 GHz for 1 or 7 hours per day and assessed testicular cytokines, apoptosis-related gene expression, and sperm quality. The authors report changes consistent with altered immune signaling and pro-apoptotic pathways, alongside reduced sperm parameters…
The effect of Wi-Fi on elastic and collagen fibres in the blood vessel wall of the chorioallantoic membrane
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This animal experimental study exposed chicken embryos (CAM) continuously to 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi at an average power density of 300 μW/m2 for 9 or 14 embryonic days. H&E staining reportedly showed no significant structural differences in large vessel walls versus controls. However, special staining reported decreased…
Review of the evidence on the influence of Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz radiation on oxidative stress and its possible relationship with Alzheimer's disease
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
The review states there is no scientific consensus on whether Wi‑Fi (2.4/5 GHz) contributes to Alzheimer's disease through oxidative stress, and that existing results are mixed and inconclusive. It discusses an indirect analysis linking oxidative-stress-responsive genes after 2.4 GHz exposure with genes associated…
Investigation of fetal exposure to electromagnetic waves between 2.45 and 5 GHz during pregnancy
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2025
This dosimetry study simulated fetal RF-EMF exposure between 2.45 and 5 GHz during the second trimester, estimating SAR10g in fetal brain and lungs. The presence of a belly-button piercing increased SAR, with maxima reported at 2.45 GHz (16 mW/kg in lungs; 14 mW/kg in brain). Despite these increases, all SAR values…