Impact of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (100 Hz, 100 G) exposure on human glioblastoma U87 cells during Temozolomide administration.
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This in vitro study evaluated whether extremely low-frequency EMF exposure (100 Hz, 100 G) modifies the effects of temozolomide (100 µM) in human glioblastoma U87 cells over 120–144 hours. The authors report that combined treatment reduced stemness-associated markers (Nestin, CD133, Notch4) and increased GFAP…
Characterisation of spatial and temporal variability of RF-EMF exposure levels in urban environments in Flanders, Belgium.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This exposure-assessment study used on-body calibrated personal exposimeters to characterize spatial and temporal variability of personal RF-EMF exposure across microenvironments in five cities in Flanders, Belgium. Brussels showed the highest mean total exposure, while Antwerp had higher downlink exposure than…
Long-Term Study on the Effects of Housing C57BL/6NCrl Mice in Cages Equipped With Wireless Technology Generating Extremely Low-Intensity Electromagnetic Fields.
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This animal study characterized electromagnetic fields generated by digitally ventilated mouse cages with wireless monitoring technology and assessed clinicopathological outcomes over up to 1 year. DVC produced extremely low-intensity electric fields across a wide frequency range (5 Hz to 3 GHz). The authors report…
Correlation between the Lunar Phase and Tail-Lifting Behavior of Lizards () Exposed to an Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field.
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This animal study examined long-term tail-lifting behavior in agamid lizards exposed to an ELF electromagnetic field (6 and 8 Hz; peak magnetic field 2.6 µT; peak electric field 10 V/m) versus controls, incorporating lunar phase and geomagnetic activity (K index) as explanatory variables. Regression analyses found…
Treatment of Common Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) Seeds with Radio-frequency Electromagnetic Field and Cold Plasma Induces Changes in Seed Phytohormone Balance, Seedling Development and Leaf Protein Expression.
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This study assessed pre-sowing sunflower seed treatments using vacuum, 5.28 MHz radio-frequency cold plasma, and an electromagnetic field for varying durations. The authors report faster germination with cold plasma (7 min) and EMF (15 min), while germination percentage was mostly unchanged except for a decrease…
Efficacy of pulsed electromagnetic fields and electromagnetic fields tuned to the ion cyclotron resonance frequency of Ca on chondrogenic differentiation.
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This in vitro study compared commonly used pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) exposures with electromagnetic fields tuned to satisfy the ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) condition for calcium. After 3 weeks, the calcium ICR condition was associated with increased glycosaminoglycans and type II collagen synthesis and…
Geobacter sulfurreducens-inoculated bioelectrochemical system reveals the potential of metabolic current in defining the effect of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field on living cells.
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This laboratory study exposed a Geobacter sulfurreducens-inoculated bioelectrochemical system to 0–128 Gauss extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields. The authors report increased and oscillatory metabolic current under ELF-EMF exposure, with dose-dependent effects and a linear relationship between oscillation…
Decreased dopamine in striatum and difficult locomotor recovery from MPTP insult after exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields.
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This animal study reports that chronic RF-EMF exposure (835 MHz, SAR 4.0 W/kg, 5 h/day for 12 weeks) affected striatal neuronal markers in C57BL/6 mice. The authors observed reductions in synaptic vesicle-related measures and dopaminergic markers, including dopamine concentration and tyrosine hydroxylase expression.…
Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMF) on honey bee queen development and mating success.
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This animal study exposed honey bee queen larvae to RF-EMF from a common mobile phone (GSM 900 MHz) across all pre-adult developmental stages for 14 days. The authors report a significantly reduced queen hatching ratio, while mating success was not affected. For queens that successfully mated, subsequent colony…
Early exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields at 1850 MHz affects auditory circuits in early postnatal mice.
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This animal study examined early postnatal mice after exposure to 1850 MHz RF-EMF and measured synaptic activity in brainstem auditory circuitry. The abstract reports increased spontaneous postsynaptic current frequency and amplitude in MNTB principal cells, with accompanying presynaptic changes in the calyx of Held…
Effect of short exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on saliva biomarkers: a study on the electrohypersensitive individuals.
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This double-blind provocation study examined whether short RF-EMF exposure alters salivary biomarkers in electrohypersensitive (EHS) individuals. Ten participants underwent sham and real exposure sessions with consecutive GSM 900, GSM 1800, DECT, and Wi‑Fi signals for 5 minutes each. The study reports no significant…
Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies in Sprague Dawley (Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD) rats exposed to whole-body radio frequency radiation at a frequency (900 MHz) and modulations (GSM and CDMA) used by cell phones
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This National Toxicology Program technical report describes 900 MHz whole-body RFR exposures (GSM and CDMA) in male and female Sprague Dawley rats from in utero through up to 2 years. The report concludes clear evidence of carcinogenic activity in males for both modulations based on malignant schwannoma of the heart,…
Effects of single and combined low frequency electromagnetic fields and simulated microgravity on gene expression of human mesenchymal stem cells during chondrogenesis.
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This in vitro study exposed human mesenchymal stem cell pellets undergoing chondrogenesis to simulated microgravity (SMG), low-frequency EMF (5 mT, 15 Hz), or both for 3 weeks. SMG significantly changed gene expression and reduced chondrogenic marker expression (including COL2A1). LF-EMF alone showed no…
Evaluation of effect of high frequency electromagnetic field on growth and antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria.
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This in vitro study evaluated whether high-frequency electromagnetic fields at 900 and 1800 MHz affect bacterial DNA, growth, and antibiotic susceptibility after 2 hours of exposure. The authors report no detectable DNA differences between exposed and non-exposed bacteria for the species described. Growth and…
Acute exposure to high-induction electromagnetic field affects activity of model peripheral sensory neurons.
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Jan 1, 2018
This in vitro study examined acute low-frequency electromagnetic field (LF-EMF) exposure using high-induction magnetic stimulation in F11 cells, a dorsal root ganglia neuron-derived model of peripheral sensory neurons. Short-term exposure (
Modulation of antioxidant enzyme gene expression by extremely low frequency electromagnetic field in post-stroke patients.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This study evaluated whether adding extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) therapy to standard physical therapy modulates antioxidant gene expression in post-stroke patients. Forty-eight patients were split into an ELF-EMF group and a non-ELF-EMF group, with both groups receiving the same physical…
Assessment of an anti-scale low-frequency electromagnetic field device on drinking water biofilms.
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This laboratory study tested a low-intensity very low-frequency EMF anti-scale device for potential impacts on drinking water biofilms in flow-through reactors. Across soft and hard water and for nascent and mature biofilms, the EMF exposure did not significantly change biofilm cell numbers, cell integrity measures,…
Electromagnetic Field Analysis of Low-Magnitude High-Frequency Vibrator with Multiple Plungers.
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This conference paper describes an engineering design for a low-magnitude high-frequency vibrator with multiple plungers, aiming to minimize electromagnetic fields during vibrational stimulation experiments. The authors analyze the device’s EMF using finite element methods in COMSOL. No direct biological or health…
Synergistic effect of rice bran extract and extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on dermal papilla/melanocytes in melanogenesis.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This in vitro study used a 3D dermal papilla-like tissue model containing dermal papilla cells and melanocytes to assess melanogenesis after rice bran extract (RBE), extremely low-frequency EMF, or their combination. The combined RBE/EMF condition showed higher tyrosinase activity, increased melanogenesis-related…
Increase in Blood Levels of Growth Factors Involved in the Neuroplasticity Process by Using an Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field in Post-stroke Patients.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This study evaluated whether adding extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) therapy to standard post-stroke rehabilitation affects biomarkers of neuroplasticity and functional recovery. Forty-eight patients completed the same rehabilitation program, with the study group additionally receiving 10…
Effect of acute exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields emitted by a mobile phone (GSM 900 MHz) on electrodermal responsiveness in healthy human.
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RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This study examined whether acute GSM 900 MHz mobile phone exposure affects electrodermal activity responses to auditory stimuli in 28 young volunteers. The authors report no exposure-related changes in SCR latency, amplitude, integral, or number of responses. Session differences in skin conductance/tonic…
Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field reduces oxidative stress during the rehabilitation of post-acute stroke patients.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This study evaluated ELF-EMF magnetotherapy as an adjunct to post-acute ischemic stroke rehabilitation in 57 patients, comparing those who received ELF-EMF therapy with those who did not. The authors report that oxidative stress markers (TBARS, thiol, and carbonyl groups) decreased more in the ELF-EMF group than in…
Eotaxin‑1 and MCP‑1 serve as circulating indicators in response to power frequency electromagnetic field exposure in mice.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This animal study exposed young Balb/c mice to constant 50 Hz power-frequency EMF at 0.1, 0.5, or 2.5 mT for 90 days. Body weight did not differ between exposed and control groups, but serum chemokine profiles showed exposure-related changes. EOTAXIN-1 and MCP-1 were significantly increased at 0.5 mT, which the…
Effect of Microwave Wi-Fi Radiation at Frequency of 2.4 GHz on Epileptic Behavior of Rats.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This animal study exposed rats to 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi radiation for 2 hours at 30 cm from a commercial router and assessed PTZ-induced convulsive behavior. The Wi-Fi "on" PTZ group showed significant differences in seizure event counts and summed severity scores versus comparison groups, while several timing and duration…
Low frequency electromagnetic field decreases ischemia-reperfusion injury of human cardiomyocytes and supports their metabolic function.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This in vitro study tested whether extremely low frequency/low frequency electromagnetic field (LF-EMF) exposure modifies ischemia-reperfusion injury in human cardiac-related cell types. Using LDH and MMP-2 activities and fluorescein diacetate staining, the authors report that short courses of LF-EMF reduced cellular…