Genotoxic Effects in Human Fibroblasts Exposed to Microwave Radiation.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This in vitro study exposed human fetal and adult fibroblasts to 25 GHz microwave radiation and assessed multiple genotoxic and cellular endpoints. The authors report no evidence of direct DNA damage and no apoptosis or changes in prosurvival signalling proteins. However, they report increased total and…
Effect of Microwave Radiation Power on the Size of Aggregates of ZnO NPs Prepared Using Microwave Solvothermal Synthesis.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This engineering/materials study tested how microwave heating power affects properties of ZnO nanoparticles produced by microwave solvothermal synthesis. Aggregate size reportedly varied (60–120 nm) with microwave power, while individual nanoparticle size and morphology remained constant (average 27 ± 3 nm) under the…
After-effect induced by microwave radiation in human electroencephalographic signal: a feasibility study.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This feasibility study tested whether microwave radiation (450 MHz, 40 Hz modulation; 1 g peak spatial average SAR 0.3 W/kg) can induce detectable event-related potentials in EEG. In one subject across four sessions, EEG responses time-locked to exposure offset showed increased alpha-band signal and about a twofold…
Age-dependent effect of long-term microwave radiation on postnatal neurogenesis in rats: morphological and behavioral study.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This animal study examined pulsed-wave 2.45 GHz microwave radiation exposure (1 or 3 hours daily for 3 weeks) in adult and juvenile rats and assessed neurogenesis-related markers in the rostral migratory stream. The authors report reduced cell proliferation in adults and longer-lasting effects on cell death after…
Experimental research on the electromagnetic radiation (EMR) characteristics of cracked rock.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This experimental study examined electromagnetic radiation (EMR) emitted by coal rock with prefabricated cracks during mechanical loading. The authors report that intact rock EMR increased with loading, whereas cracked rock EMR showed staged and fluctuating behavior that became more pronounced as crack angle…
Oxidative and mutagenic effects of low intensity GSM 1800 MHz microwave radiation
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This animal study used developing quail embryos to assess oxidative and mutagenic effects of low-intensity GSM 1800 MHz radiation from a commercial smartphone. The authors report statistically significant increases in oxidative stress markers, DNA integrity damage, and oxidative DNA damage (8-oxo-dG) in exposed…
Delivery of Patient-Reported Outcome Instruments by Automated Mobile Phone Text Messaging.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This study compared patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores collected on paper versus automated mobile phone text messaging in orthopedic hand and upper extremity clinic patients. Over 48 hours, the same patients completed SF-12 and QuickDASH via text messages in random order. High intraclass correlations were reported…
Quality stability and sensory attributes of apple juice processed by thermosonication, pulsed electric field and thermal processing.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This study compared thermosonication, pulsed electric field, and thermal processing for preserving Royal Gala apple juice and evaluated sensory attributes and quality stability during 30 days of storage at 3°C and 20°C. Thermosonication and pulsed electric field produced juices with different taste compared with…
RF-EMF exposure at 1800 MHz did not elicit DNA damage or abnormal cellular behaviors in different neurogenic cells.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This in vitro study assessed whether intermittent 1800 MHz RF-EMF exposure induces DNA damage or alters cellular behavior in three neurogenic cell lines. Cells were exposed at an average SAR of 4.0 W/kg for 1, 6, or 24 hours and evaluated for γH2AX foci, cell cycle progression, proliferation, and viability. The…
No adverse effects detected for simultaneous whole-body exposure to multiple-frequency radiofrequency electromagnetic fields for rats in the intrauterine and pre- and post-weaning periods.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This animal study exposed pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats and their offspring to simultaneous whole-body multifrequency RF signals spanning 800 MHz to 5.2 GHz. Exposure occurred 20 hours per day from gestational day 7 to weaning, with F1 offspring exposed up to 6 weeks of age. Across multiple endpoints including growth,…
The Effects of Precautionary Messages about Electromagnetic Fields from Mobile Phones and Base Stations Revisited: The Role of Recipient Characteristics.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This survey experiment tested how precautionary messages about RF-EMFs from mobile phones and base stations affect recipients' threat perceptions and emotional distress. The effect of precautionary information on threat perception depended on individual differences, particularly trait anxiety and gender. The study…
Exposure to 2100 MHz electromagnetic field radiations induces reactive oxygen species generation in roots.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This experimental study examined whether 2100 MHz cell phone-related RF-EMF exposure affects oxidative stress markers in onion roots. After 1–4 hours of continuous-wave exposure in a single day, the study reports increased lipid peroxidation and ROS-related measures (MDA, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion).…
Is mobile phone radiation genotoxic? An analysis of micronucleus frequency in exfoliated buccal cells.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This cross-sectional study assessed whether mobile phone-associated EMF exposure is associated with micronucleus frequency in exfoliated buccal cells. Among 86 healthy users aged 18–30, micronucleus frequency was not associated with duration of daily calls and did not differ significantly between the cheek on the…
Effect of electromagnetic fields on human osteoarthritic and non-osteoarthritic chondrocytes.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This in vitro study exposed human osteoarthritic and non-osteoarthritic chondrocyte pellets to a sinusoidal 15 Hz electromagnetic field at 5 mT or 8 mT for 7 days. Under 5 mT, osteoarthritic chondrocytes showed increased expression of cartilage-related genes (COL2A1 and ACAN) compared with controls, while…
Electromagnetic Field Assessment as a Smart City Service: The SmartSantander Use-Case.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
The study presents a smart city service for electromagnetic field assessment using deployed measuring probes integrated into a city platform. Data collected for more than one year are processed to characterize E-field levels across large areas and over time. The authors report that the results validate the…
Effect of electromagnetic fields and antioxidants on the trace element content of rat teeth.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This animal study examined whether extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) from a high-voltage source alter trace element concentrations in rat teeth and whether antioxidants (melatonin and glutathione) modify these changes. Rats were exposed 8 hours/day for 26 or 52 days, with separate sham…
Acute effects of mobile phone radiations on subtle energy levels of teenagers using electrophotonic imaging technique: A randomized controlled study.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This double-blind randomized controlled study enrolled 61 healthy teenagers and compared 15 minutes of mobile phone exposure with the phone ON at the right ear versus a phone OFF condition. The study reports significant reductions in EPI-measured "subtle energy levels" in the ON group versus OFF across multiple…
Efficacy of 50 Hz electromagnetic fields on human epidermal stem cell transplantation seeded in collagen sponge scaffolds for wound healing in a murine model.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This animal study evaluated whether 50 Hz EMF exposure enhances wound healing after transplantation of human epidermal stem cells (ESC) seeded in collagen sponge scaffolds. Thirty-six nude mice with full-thickness wounds were assigned to control, ESC-only, or ESC+EMF groups (50 Hz, 5 mT, 60 min/day for 20 days). The…
Calreticulin attenuated microwave radiation-induced human microvascular endothelial cell injury through promoting actin acetylation and polymerization.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This in vitro study exposed human microvascular endothelial cells to high-power microwave radiation at multiple power densities for 6 minutes and assessed cellular injury and cytoskeletal outcomes. The authors report dose-dependent injury from microwave exposure, including increased LDH leakage and reduced viability…
The influence of prenatal 10 GHz microwave radiation exposure on a developing mice brain.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This animal study examined prenatal exposure to 10 GHz microwave radiation starting at gestation day 0.25 or 11.25 until term. At 3 weeks of age, offspring from exposed pregnancies showed reduced brain and body weight and biochemical changes consistent with oxidative stress compared with sham controls. The authors…
THE INFLUENCE OF THE SELECTED CATALYSTS AND MICROWAVE RADIATION ON THE COURSE OF OBTAINING POLY-e-CAPROLACTONE AS A BIODEGRADABLE CARRIER OF MEDICINAL SUBSTANCES.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This laboratory study investigated ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone using organic-acid catalysts to produce poly-ε-caprolactone intended as a biodegradable drug carrier. The authors report that citric acid catalysis yielded substantially higher molecular weight polymer than other catalysts. They also…
[Protective effects of Genistein on human renal tubular epithelial cells damage of microwave radiation].
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This in vitro study exposed human proximal renal tubular epithelial cells (HKC) to microwave irradiation for 24 hours and assessed cell injury, oxidative stress, and cell death. The authors report increased injury markers (LDH, NAG), increased oxidative stress (higher MDA, lower SOD), and more apoptosis/necrosis…
Smartphone usage and increased risk of mobile phone addiction: A concurrent study.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This cross-sectional online study surveyed Malaysian respondents about smartphone addiction behavior and awareness of electromagnetic radiation (EMR). Most participants reported smartphone dependency and reported being aware of EMR, with no significant difference in addiction behavior by accommodation type (home vs…
Electromagnetic Fields Act Similarly in Plants as in Animals: Probable Activation of Calcium Channels via Their Voltage Sensor
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2016
This narrative review proposes that low-intensity microwave/lower-frequency EMFs activate plasma membrane calcium channels in animals, increasing intracellular calcium and triggering downstream signaling including oxidative stress pathways. It further suggests that EMF actions in terrestrial multicellular plants are…
Microwave frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) produce widespread neuropsychiatric effects including depression
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2016
This 2016 narrative review proposes that non-thermal microwave/lower-frequency EMFs act primarily through activation of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), with calcium channel blockers reported to block EMF effects. It summarizes animal, occupational, and epidemiological literature and reports that exposures…