Treatment of Common Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) Seeds with Radio-frequency Electromagnetic Field and Cold Plasma Induces Changes in Seed Phytohormone Balance, Seedling Development and Leaf Protein Expression.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This study assessed pre-sowing sunflower seed treatments using vacuum, 5.28 MHz radio-frequency cold plasma, and an electromagnetic field for varying durations. The authors report faster germination with cold plasma (7 min) and EMF (15 min), while germination percentage was mostly unchanged except for a decrease…
Evaluation of the neuroprotective effects of electromagnetic fields and coenzyme Q on hippocampal injury in mouse.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This animal study tested whether 50 Hz EMF exposure and/or CoQ10 could protect against TMT-induced hippocampal injury in mature female mice. CoQ10 and CoQ10+EMF were associated with improved spatial memory and reduced histological markers of cell death, alongside increased antiapoptotic markers. EMF alone reportedly…
Efficacy of pulsed electromagnetic fields and electromagnetic fields tuned to the ion cyclotron resonance frequency of Ca on chondrogenic differentiation.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This in vitro study compared commonly used pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) exposures with electromagnetic fields tuned to satisfy the ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) condition for calcium. After 3 weeks, the calcium ICR condition was associated with increased glycosaminoglycans and type II collagen synthesis and…
Decreased dopamine in striatum and difficult locomotor recovery from MPTP insult after exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This animal study reports that chronic RF-EMF exposure (835 MHz, SAR 4.0 W/kg, 5 h/day for 12 weeks) affected striatal neuronal markers in C57BL/6 mice. The authors observed reductions in synaptic vesicle-related measures and dopaminergic markers, including dopamine concentration and tyrosine hydroxylase expression.…
Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMF) on honey bee queen development and mating success.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This animal study exposed honey bee queen larvae to RF-EMF from a common mobile phone (GSM 900 MHz) across all pre-adult developmental stages for 14 days. The authors report a significantly reduced queen hatching ratio, while mating success was not affected. For queens that successfully mated, subsequent colony…
Hepatocellular carcinoma therapy finds a channel on the radio
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This EBioMedicine commentary discusses tumour-specific amplitude-modulated RF EMF as an anti-cancer therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma and highlights Cav3.2 (CACNA1H) T-type calcium channels as a proposed mediator of the effect. It notes that the reported whole-body averaged SAR in a treated HCC patient was below…
Association between media coverage and prevalence of idiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to electromagnetic field in Taiwan.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This ecological study examined whether trends in newspaper coverage about EMF/IEI-EMF in Taiwan were associated with changes in reported IEI-EMF prevalence. The authors report that media coverage rose up to 2007 and then declined through 2012, mirroring a decline in IEI-EMF prevalence between 2007 and 2012. In…
Electromagnetic Fields of Mobile Phone Jammer Exposure on Blood Factors in Rats.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This rat study examined whether electromagnetic fields from a mobile phone jammer affect blood cell factors. Rats were exposed 8 hours/day, 5 days/week for 40 days and compared with control and sham groups. The authors report significant changes in multiple hematological indices, with some measures unchanged…
Estimating transmitted power density from mobile phone: an epidemiological pilot study with a software modified phone.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This pilot study evaluated weekly and annual cumulative RF-EMF exposure attributed to mobile phone use using objective phone-based measurements of transmitted and received power densities. Ten participants provided two months of daily data across usage modes (cellular calls, cellular data, and Wi-Fi). The study…
Electromagnetic fields exposure assessment among workers at broadcast centers in Poland.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This exposure assessment study estimated occupational RF electric-field exposure among workers at 4 broadcast centers in Poland using spot measurements and historical occupational hygiene data. Reported maximum and average electric-field values were below the Polish occupational exposure limit for a work shift. The…
Impact of Long-Term RF-EMF on Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Aging Brains of C57BL/6 Mice.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This animal study exposed 14-month-old C57BL/6 mice to 1950 MHz RF-EMF (SAR 5 W/kg) for 8 months. The authors report that aging was associated with increased oxidative damage, DNA damage, apoptosis, and glial activation markers in brain tissue. Long-term RF-EMF exposure did not change these markers in aged mice and…
A 60 Hz uniform electromagnetic field promotes human cell proliferation by decreasing intracellular reactive oxygen species levels.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This in vitro study examined effects of a 6 mT, 60 Hz uniform ELF electromagnetic field on HeLa cells and primary IMR-90 fibroblasts. Single or repetitive exposure did not induce DNA damage or change viability, but continuous exposure over 168 hours was reported to increase proliferation in both cell types in a…
A Single Exposure to GSM-1800 MHz Signals in the Course of an Acute Neuroinflammatory Reaction can Alter Neuronal Responses and Microglial Morphology in the Rat Primary Auditory Cortex.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This animal study examined whether acute GSM-1800 MHz exposure affects the auditory cortex during experimentally induced neuroinflammation. In LPS-treated rats, a single 2-hour head-only exposure (average SAR 1.55 W/kg in auditory cortex) was associated with altered microglial morphology and reduced neuronal activity…
Evaluation of MRI RF electromagnetic field induced heating near leads of cochlear implants.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This simulation study evaluated RF-induced heating near cochlear implant leads during 1.5 T MRI using a transfer function method. Across studied configurations, the average temperature rise was 0.79 °C and the maximum was 2.80 °C at a whole-body average SAR of 2 W/kg. The authors report that lead trajectory and MRI…
Occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields. The situation in Greece.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This exposure assessment study reports extensive EMF measurements and exposure mapping across multiple workplace settings in Greece in the context of implementing EU Directive 2013/35/EU. The authors report that most assessed workplaces did not exceed occupational limits, and often did not exceed general public…
Low frequency electromagnetic field decreases ischemia-reperfusion injury of human cardiomyocytes and supports their metabolic function.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This in vitro study tested whether extremely low frequency/low frequency electromagnetic field (LF-EMF) exposure modifies ischemia-reperfusion injury in human cardiac-related cell types. Using LDH and MMP-2 activities and fluorescein diacetate staining, the authors report that short courses of LF-EMF reduced cellular…
The effect of exposure to low frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) as an integral part of the housing system on anxiety-related behaviour, cognition and welfare in two strains of laboratory mouse.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This animal study tested whether continuous low-frequency EMF exposure from a cage-integrated EMF plate affected anxiety-related behaviour, cognition, or welfare over six weeks in two mouse strains. Across all measured outcomes, the authors report no significant differences between EMF on versus off conditions.…
Case-Control Study on Occupational Exposure to Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields and the Association with Meningioma.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This case-control analysis assessed occupational extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure and meningioma using the INTEROCC ELF-EMF job-exposure matrix. Cumulative, average, and maximum job exposure metrics were evaluated. The study reports no increased meningioma risk in any exposure…
Gene Expression Analysis in Human Peripheral Blood Cells after 900 MHz RF-EMF Short-Term Exposure.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This ex vivo/in vitro study exposed peripheral blood cells from five human donors to a 900 MHz continuous-wave RF-EMF for up to 90 minutes (average SAR 9.3 W/kg). After false discovery rate adjustment, the authors report no EMF-specific gene expression changes on microarray analysis. Although low-stringency analysis…
Influence of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields on the Fertility System: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This article presents a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis on radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure from electronic devices and effects on the fertility system. The authors cite growing public concern and conflicting findings in prior studies as motivation. The protocol plans broad database…
Effects of 1800 MHz RF-EMF exposure on DNA damage and cellular functions in primary cultured neurogenic cells.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This in vitro study exposed primary cultured astrocytes, microglia, and cortical neurons to 1800 MHz RF-EMF at 4.0 W/kg SAR to assess DNA damage and cellular functions. The authors report no significant induction of γH2AX foci and no significant changes in cytokine secretion or dendrite/synapse morphological…
SAR thresholds for electromagnetic exposure using functional thermal dose limits.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This paper analyzes how conservative current localized RF EMF SAR basic restrictions may be by estimating the implied safety factor. The authors derive thermal dose–functional SAR limits from literature-reported thresholds for acute local tissue damage and compare these to existing basic restrictions. They report…
Microwave radiation leading to shrinkage of dendritic spines in hippocampal neurons mediated by SNK-SPAR pathway.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This animal study exposed Wistar rats to microwave radiation (30 mW/cm for 6 minutes, three times per week for six weeks) and assessed cognition, hippocampal dendritic spines, ultrastructure, and SNK-SPAR pathway molecules. The authors report impaired spatial learning and memory, dendritic spine loss/shrinkage, and…
Autophagy mediates the degradation of synaptic vesicles: A potential mechanism of synaptic plasticity injury induced by microwave exposure in rats.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This animal study used an in vivo microwave exposure model (30 mW/cm) and reports reversible neuronal injuries in rats. The authors observed cognitive impairment and synaptic plasticity injury in hippocampal neurons following exposure. Autophagy was activated, and autophagosomes showed increased association with…
2.45 GHz microwave radiation induced oxidative and nitrosative stress mediated testicular apoptosis: Involvement of a p53 dependent bax-caspase-3 mediated pathway.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This animal study exposed 12-week-old male mice to 2.45 GHz continuous-wave microwave radiation (average power density 0.0248 mW/cm; whole-body SAR 0.0146 W/kg) for 2 hours/day over 15, 30, or 60 days. The authors evaluated testicular histology, testosterone, oxidative/nitrosative stress markers, antioxidant enzymes,…