An Evaluation of Electromagnetic Exposure While Using Ultra-High Frequency Radiofrequency Identification (UHF RFID) Guns.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This study simulated SAR from handheld UHF RFID readers (“RFID guns”) in adult male and female models across seven close-proximity scenarios involving an operator, scanned person, or bystander. SAR was reported to comply with general public limits at emissions up to 1 W, but higher-power devices (>2 W, and especially…
The effects of the electromagnetic fields on the biochemical components, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems of tea L.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This laboratory study examined how electromagnetic field (EMF) treatment affects biochemical and antioxidant-related components in tea samples, including flavonoid markers measured by HPLC. The abstract reports that 30-minute exposures generally increased several flavonoids compared with 60-minute exposures, with the…
T-Cell Differentiation to T Helper 9 Phenotype is Elevated by Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Via Induction of IL-2 Signaling.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This in vitro study examined 60 Hz extremely low-frequency EMF exposure (0.8 mT) on CD4 T cells under Th9-polarizing conditions. The authors report increased Th9-associated responses including IL-9 secretion, transcription factor changes (including early GATA3), and increased STAT5/STAT6 phosphorylation alongside…
Electromagnetic Energy Absorption in a Head Approaching a Radiofrequency Identification (RFID) Reader Operating at 13.56 MHz in Users of Hearing Implants Versus Non-Users.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This modeling study estimated SAR in a head approaching a 13.56 MHz RFID HF reader, comparing hearing-implant users with non-users. The abstract reports that BAHA implants can increase localized SAR (10 g) versus non-users, up to 2.1× in a worst-case scenario, and that this increase is statistically higher than for…
Residential exposure to ultra high frequency electromagnetic fields emitted by Global System for Mobile (GSM) antennas and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis incidence: A geo-epidemiological population-based study.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This geo-epidemiological population-based study in Limousin (France) assessed modeled residential UHF-EMF exposure from GSM antennas and ALS incidence from 2000–2012. The authors report a statistically significant exposure–response trend and higher ALS risk in the highest exposure category versus non-exposure in both…
Ca2+ and CACNA1H mediate targeted suppression of breast cancer brain metastasis by AM RF EMF
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This study describes a therapeutic use of athermal, amplitude-modulated RF EMF (27.12 MHz) at breast cancer-specific frequencies to target breast cancer brain metastases. The abstract reports tumor growth suppression in animal models and durable regression in one patient with triple negative breast cancer brain…
Long-Term Study on the Effects of Housing C57BL/6NCrl Mice in Cages Equipped With Wireless Technology Generating Extremely Low-Intensity Electromagnetic Fields.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This animal study characterized electromagnetic fields generated by digitally ventilated mouse cages with wireless monitoring technology and assessed clinicopathological outcomes over up to 1 year. DVC produced extremely low-intensity electric fields across a wide frequency range (5 Hz to 3 GHz). The authors report…
Global gene expression changes reflecting pleiotropic effects of Irpex lacteus induced by low--intensity electromagnetic field.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This laboratory study used RNA-seq to examine how low-intensity electromagnetic field (LI-EMF) exposure affects global gene expression in the fungus Irpex lacteus. Thousands of differentially expressed genes were reported immediately after exposure, with fewer changes after 3 h and 6 h recovery, and a subset of genes…
Decreased dopamine in striatum and difficult locomotor recovery from MPTP insult after exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This animal study reports that chronic RF-EMF exposure (835 MHz, SAR 4.0 W/kg, 5 h/day for 12 weeks) affected striatal neuronal markers in C57BL/6 mice. The authors observed reductions in synaptic vesicle-related measures and dopaminergic markers, including dopamine concentration and tyrosine hydroxylase expression.…
Hepatocellular carcinoma therapy finds a channel on the radio
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2019
This EBioMedicine commentary discusses tumour-specific amplitude-modulated RF EMF as an anti-cancer therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma and highlights Cav3.2 (CACNA1H) T-type calcium channels as a proposed mediator of the effect. It notes that the reported whole-body averaged SAR in a treated HCC patient was below…
Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies in Sprague Dawley (Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD) rats exposed to whole-body radio frequency radiation at a frequency (900 MHz) and modulations (GSM and CDMA) used by cell phones
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This National Toxicology Program technical report describes 900 MHz whole-body RFR exposures (GSM and CDMA) in male and female Sprague Dawley rats from in utero through up to 2 years. The report concludes clear evidence of carcinogenic activity in males for both modulations based on malignant schwannoma of the heart,…
Effects of single and combined low frequency electromagnetic fields and simulated microgravity on gene expression of human mesenchymal stem cells during chondrogenesis.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This in vitro study exposed human mesenchymal stem cell pellets undergoing chondrogenesis to simulated microgravity (SMG), low-frequency EMF (5 mT, 15 Hz), or both for 3 weeks. SMG significantly changed gene expression and reduced chondrogenic marker expression (including COL2A1). LF-EMF alone showed no…
Electromagnetic Fields of Mobile Phone Jammer Exposure on Blood Factors in Rats.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This rat study examined whether electromagnetic fields from a mobile phone jammer affect blood cell factors. Rats were exposed 8 hours/day, 5 days/week for 40 days and compared with control and sham groups. The authors report significant changes in multiple hematological indices, with some measures unchanged…
Electromagnetic fields exposure assessment among workers at broadcast centers in Poland.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This exposure assessment study estimated occupational RF electric-field exposure among workers at 4 broadcast centers in Poland using spot measurements and historical occupational hygiene data. Reported maximum and average electric-field values were below the Polish occupational exposure limit for a work shift. The…
Symptom Presentation in Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance With Attribution to Electromagnetic Fields: Evidence for a Nocebo Effect Based on Data Re-Analyzed From Two Previous Provocation Studies.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This paper re-analyzes data from two prior double-blind provocation studies involving RF base station signals and sham exposures. Symptoms and reduced well-being were more strongly associated with participants' belief that the base station was "on" than with the exposure condition itself. The authors conclude that a…
Effects of 900-MHz electromagnetic fields exposure throughout middle/late adolescence on the kidney morphology and biochemistry of the female rat.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This animal study examined kidney effects in female rats exposed to continuous 900 MHz EMF for 1 hour daily during postnatal days 35–59. The authors report multiple histopathological alterations in kidneys of the EMF-exposed group, while control and sham groups showed no pathology. TOS and OSI were reported to be…
Effect of Microwave Wi-Fi Radiation at Frequency of 2.4 GHz on Epileptic Behavior of Rats.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This animal study exposed rats to 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi radiation for 2 hours at 30 cm from a commercial router and assessed PTZ-induced convulsive behavior. The Wi-Fi "on" PTZ group showed significant differences in seizure event counts and summed severity scores versus comparison groups, while several timing and duration…
Evaluation of Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Extremely Low-frequency Electromagnetic Field on Mesenchymal Stromal Cells.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This in vitro study evaluated whether a therapeutic extremely low-frequency EMF exposure (5 Hz, 0.4 mT) causes cytotoxic or genotoxic effects in a human mesenchymal stromal cell line. Cells were exposed for 20 minutes per day, three times per week, for two weeks and assessed for viability, proliferation, and…
Expressions of some antioxidant genes in SH-SY5Y cells treated with β-lapachone, morphine and electromagnetic field.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This in vitro study exposed SH-SY5Y cells to a 50 Hz, 0.50 mT electromagnetic field under intermittent or continuous conditions, alongside β-lapachone and/or morphine. The authors report condition-dependent changes in antioxidant gene expression, including decreased NQO1 and increased NQO2 under intermittent EMF…
Case-Control Study on Occupational Exposure to Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields and the Association with Meningioma.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This case-control analysis assessed occupational extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure and meningioma using the INTEROCC ELF-EMF job-exposure matrix. Cumulative, average, and maximum job exposure metrics were evaluated. The study reports no increased meningioma risk in any exposure…
Activation of TLR signalling regulates microwave radiation-mediated impairment of spermatogenesis in rat testis.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This rat study examined whether microwave radiation affects Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in testis. The authors report increased TLR2-5 expression and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) after microwave exposure. Key phosphorylated components of TLR signaling (including NF-κB p65) were also…
Effect of 2.45 GHz microwave radiation on the fertility pattern in male mice.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This animal study examined 2.45 GHz microwave exposure in male Swiss albino mice for 2 hours per day over 30 days. The authors report increased oxidative stress markers and reduced antioxidant enzymes and testosterone in exposed mice versus sham controls. They also report micronuclei formation in blood and…
NTP Technical Report on the Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies: GSM- and CDMA-modulated Cell Phone RFR, NTP TR 595
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2018
This NTP technical report describes long-term rat studies exposing animals to 900 MHz GSM and CDMA-modulated radiofrequency radiation at whole-body SAR levels of 0, 1.5, 3, and 6 W/kg, including exposure beginning before birth. The abstract reports NTP concluded there was "clear evidence" for malignant schwannoma of…
C-phycocyanin extraction assisted by pulsed electric field from Artrosphira platensis.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This engineering/food-processing study evaluates pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment of fresh Artrhospira platensis biomass to enhance aqueous extraction of C-phycocyanin. Extraction depended on electric field strength, treatment time, and application temperature, with higher temperatures reducing the required…
Effects of radiofrequency radiation in the presence of gold nanoparticles for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma.
Research
RF Safe Research Library
Jan 1, 2017
This in vitro study evaluated radiofrequency (RF) radiation with and without gold nanoparticles in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cancer cells as a potential approach for renal cell carcinoma treatment. The authors report reduced cell survival in one RF-exposed group versus control, and additional reductions in…