Study type: systematic_review

Environmental Health · 2026 · Manual

Benchmark dose analyses indicate that cancer risk at 1 in 100,000 occurs at SAR levels between 0.8 to 5 mW/kg, and male fertility effects occur at SAR levels between 3.3 to 10 mW/kg, both significantly below current regulatory limits.

DOI: 10.1186/s12940-026-01288-6

Study URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12940-026-01288-6

Study type: in_vitro

Biochem Biophys Res Commun · 2026 · Manual

Under standardized non-thermal conditions, 1800 MHz RF-EMF exposure alone did not induce detectable DNA damage in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. RF-EMF did not significantly enhance DNA damage caused by H2O2, 4NQO, or Cd2+, but co-exposure with hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] produced a significant synergistic increase in DNA damage.

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2026.153360 · PMID: 41619510

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41619510/

Study type: other

Aerospace Medicine · 1961 · Manual

The paper reports experimental and interview-based data suggesting that human subjects can perceive RF energy as an auditory response. Responses were reported for frequencies at least as low as 200 MHz and at least as high as 3000 MHz, with subjects describing a buzzing sound at power densities stated to be below levels considered necessary for biological damage.

Study URL: https://zoryglaser.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/AUDITORY-SYSTEM-RESPONSE-TO-RADIO-FREQUENCY-ENERGY.pdf

Study type: other

J. Appl. Physiol. · 1962 · Manual

The paper reports that modulated RF electromagnetic energy induced perception of sounds in normal and deaf humans at distances of several hundred feet from the antenna when the transmitter was turned on. The effect depended on carrier frequency, modulation, and peak power density; under approximately 80 dB acoustic noise, a peak power density of about 275 mW/cm2 was needed at carrier frequencies of 425 and 1,310 MHz, while average power density could be as low as 400 pW/cm2.

Study URL: https://mriquestions.com/uploads/3/4/5/7/34572113/auditory_frey_rf_hearing_jappl.1962.17.4.689.pdf

Study type: animal

Mol Med Rep · 2020 · Manual

In rats, BBB permeability increased immediately after ultra-wide-band electromagnetic pulse exposure, peaked at 3-6 h, and returned to baseline by 24 h. BBB opening was observed at 200 and 400 kV/m but not at 50 kV/m, and ZO-1 expression decreased at 3 and 6 h without an observed change in ZO-1 distribution.

DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11382 · PMID: 32945403

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32945403/

Study type: review

Biofizika · 1998 · Manual

This paper generalises experimental and theoretical studies on the combined action of weak electrical fields and constant and variable low-frequency magnetic fields on physicochemical and biological systems. It reports that weak magnetic fields with parameters close to the geomagnetic field selectively affect aqueous solutions of organic molecules by initiating chemical reactivity and ion conductivity processes.

PMID: 9783064

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9783064/

Study type: review

Child Dev · 2018 · Manual

This review profiles epigenetic studies related to exposure to mobile phones and other wireless devices producing EMF and pulsed radiofrequency radiation. The abstract states that numerous studies have reported harmful health impacts and neurodevelopmental/neurobehavioral symptoms in young people, with epigenetic mechanisms and DNA damage described as likely contributors.

DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12824 · PMID: 28504324

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28504324/

Study type: animal

Int J Dev Neurosci · 2014 · Manual

Perinatal ELF-EMF-exposed male BALB/C mice showed impaired sociability and reduced preference for social novelty, along with decreased exploratory activity. Anxiety-like behavior, locomotion, motor coordination, and olfaction were reported as normal in exposed mice.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2014.06.010 · PMID: 24970316

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24970316/

Study type: review

Med Hypotheses · 2004 · Manual

This article proposes a possible association between fetal or neonatal exposure to radiofrequency radiation and increased incidence of autism spectrum disorders. The abstract presents this as a hypothesis based on temporal correlation and does not report original experimental or epidemiological results.

DOI: 10.1016/s0306-9877(03)00309-8 · PMID: 14962625

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14962625/

Study type: review

Pathophysiology · 2013 · Manual

This paper provides an overview of epidemiological evidence and reports a meta-analysis of Hardell group and Interphone results for mobile phone use. In the meta-analysis, higher odds were reported for glioma in the temporal lobe with latency ≥10 years (OR=1.71, 95% CI=1.04-2.81) and for ipsilateral cumulative mobile phone use ≥1640 h (OR=2.29, 95% CI=1.56-3.37); acoustic neuroma risk was also elevated for ipsilateral cumulative use ≥1640 h (OR=2.55, 95% CI=1.50-4.40). The abstract also states that cordless phone use increased risk for glioma and acoustic neuroma in Hardell group studies.

DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2012.11.001 · PMID: 23261330

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23261330/

Study type: case_control

Int J Oncol · 2009 · Manual

In two Swedish case-control studies, ipsilateral use of mobile and cordless phones was associated with higher odds of astrocytoma, especially with >10 years latency (mobile phone OR 3.3, 95% CI 2.0-5.4; cordless phone OR 5.0, 95% CI 2.3-11). For acoustic neuroma, the highest odds were reported for ipsilateral mobile phone use with >10 years latency (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.4-6.2), while the cordless phone estimate was imprecise (OR 2.3, 95% CI 0.6-8.8). Highest risks were also reported among subjects with first use before age 20 years.

DOI: 10.3892/ijo_00000307 · PMID: 19513546

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19513546/

Study type: policy

Int J Oncol · 2011 · Manual

This pooled analysis of case-control studies reported increased odds of glioma associated with both mobile and cordless phone use. Risk increased with longer latency and greater cumulative hours of use, with the highest reported risk for astrocytoma in the >10 year latency group and among those with first wireless phone use before age 20.

DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2011.947 · PMID: 21331446

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21331446/

Study type: policy

Pathophysiology · 2015 · Manual

In this pooled analysis of two Swedish case-control studies, mobile phone use was associated with increased glioma risk overall (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.6), rising to OR 3.0 (95% CI 1.7-5.2) in the >25-year latency group. Cordless phone use was also associated with increased glioma risk (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1-1.7), with higher odds for longer latency and ipsilateral use; the highest risk was reported for temporal lobe glioma.

DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2014.10.001 · PMID: 25466607

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25466607/

Study type: exposure_assessment

2023 · Manual

The 2023 Danish Cancer Registry report documents a clear and sustained rise in brain and central nervous system tumors, with age-standardized incidence rates increasing substantially from 2004 to 2023 for both men and women. Head and neck cancers show more modest and mixed trends.

Study URL: https://www.rfsafe.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Nye-kraefttilfaelde-i-Danmark-2023.pdf

Study type: case_control

ISEE Conference Abstracts · 2024 · Manual

Individuals carrying a phone below the waist were four times more likely to develop early-onset colorectal cancer. Ipsilateral carrying on the left side for more than 30,000 hours was associated with a 12-fold increased risk of tumor on that side. Contralateral carrying showed only a slight increase in risk.

DOI: 10.1289/isee.2024.1903

Study URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/383147719_Is_Cellphone_Carrying_Below_the_Waist_Exposure_to_Non-Ionizing_Radiation_Contributing_to_the_Rapid_Rise_in_Early-Onset_Colorectal_Cancer

Study type: review

Curr Opin Chem Eng · 2021 · Manual

The article discusses next-generation water treatment approaches that use nanomaterials to harness energy across the electromagnetic spectrum, enabling electrified and solar-based technologies. It emphasizes embedding nanomaterials onto/into reactor surfaces and applying external energy sources to replace chemically intensive legacy water treatment technologies.

DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2021.100709 · PMID: 34804780

Study URL: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8597955/

Study type: cross_sectional

Iraqi Journal of Market Research and Consumer Protection · 2025 · Manual

Serum 8-OHdG was higher in participants living near communication towers (3.9) compared with the control group living far from towers (0.46).

DOI: 10.28936/jmracpc17.1.2025.(13

Study URL: https://doi.org/10.28936/jmracpc17.1.2025.(13)

Study type: cross_sectional

J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol · 2010 · Manual

No significant differences between long-term exposed and never-exposed groups were reported for basal heart rate, systolic blood pressure, SpO2(%), or various hematologic parameters. During an acute 1-minute 900 MHz call, peak heart rate increased significantly in the long-term exposed group compared with the never-exposed group, and peak SpO2(%) decreased significantly in the never-exposed group compared with the long-term exposed group. Serum total cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides were significantly higher in the long-term exposed group, described as a mild alteration of lipid profile.

DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp.2010.21.2.201 · PMID: 20853601

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20853601/

Study type: cross_sectional

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int · 2016 · Manual

In this cross-sectional study of power plant workers, occupational EMF exposure (including RF and ELF) was associated with higher LDL-c (β = 0.17 mmol/L, P = 0.022). In the high-exposure group, longer employment duration, longer daily exposure duration, and higher mobile phone or electric fee per month were associated with higher total cholesterol, LDL-c, or triglycerides; decreased HDL-c was reported only in the high-exposure group with higher mobile phone fee per month. Similar patterns were reported in 544 participants with serum lipid data available in 2010.

DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5500-9 · PMID: 26423285

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26423285/

Study type: randomized_trial

1973 · Manual

No definite effects were linked to ELF magnetic field exposure except an increase in serum triglycerides 24 to 40 hours after exposure in 9 of 10 exposed subjects, not seen in controls. Cholesterol and chylomicrons remained stable. Small sample size and confounding factors limit conclusions.

Study URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/AD0770140.pdf

Study type: animal

Biomaterials · 2023 · PubMed

Bioluminescence photodynamic therapy (BL-PDT) using BRET conjugates of Chlorin e6 and Renilla reniformis luciferase produced effective targeted cancer cell killing. In an orthotopic mouse model of 4T1 triple-negative breast cancer, BL-PDT showed strong therapeutic effects on large primary tumors and, for early-stage tumors, complete remission and prevention of metastasis.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122079 · PMID: 36889146

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36889146/

Study type: animal

Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023 · PubMed

Glutamate-induced biophotonic activities were significantly reduced and showed a spectral blueshift in synaptosomes and brain slices from AD and VaD model animals. These changes were partially reversed by pre-perfusion with ifenprodil, a GluN2B-containing NMDAR antagonist.

DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1208274 · PMID: 37727319

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37727319/

Study type: in_vitro

Frontiers in physiology · 2023 · PubMed

Mitochondria stressed with the electron transport chain inhibitor antimycin in one cuvette altered respiration of mitochondria in an adjacent, chemically and physically separate cuvette, decreasing oxygen consumption compared to control (p < 0.0001 for both MCF7 and MCF10A mitochondria). The effect depended on mitochondrial origin (cancer vs non-cancer) and the presence of ambient light, and the design suggests a light-based mechanism.

DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1268075 · PMID: 37811497

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37811497/

Frontiers in chemistry · 2023 · PubMed

DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1309070 · PMID: 37937210

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37937210/

Study type: animal

Journal of lasers in medical sciences · 2023 · PubMed

Twenty male mice were assigned to control and busulfan groups and assessed 5 weeks after busulfan injection. The abstract reports significant differences between groups in ultra-weak biophoton emission, with statements that it was higher in the busulfan group and also that it was reduced in oligospermia mice; the direction is therefore inconsistent within the abstract. The busulfan (oligospermia) group showed decreased testis volume, seminiferous tubule length, and number of testicular cells, and increased apoptotic cells by TUNEL assay.

DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2023.65 · PMID: 38318218

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38318218/

Journal of biomedical physics & engineering · 2024 · PubMed

DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2410-1845 · PMID: 39726881

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39726881/

Study type: in_vitro

Scientific reports · 2025 · PubMed

In Neuro-2a cells and astrocytes, baseline biophoton emissions were low (~12 photons/s) and similar between cell types. Stress altered emissions depending on the toxin (sodium troclosene increased emissions; rotenone had a more limited impact). Red/near-infrared light did not influence emissions in healthy cells but did influence emissions under stress, particularly with sodium troclosene; emission patterns did not relate uniformly to ATP and ROS changes under the experimental timelines.

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-22344-0 · PMID: 41188307

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41188307/

Study type: in_vitro

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026 · PubMed

The study reports a first measurement campaign of ultraweak photon emissions (biophotons) from cultured astrocytes and glioblastoma cells using two ultra-sensitive setups. Statistical analyses showed separation between cellular signals and dark noise, and Diffusion Entropy Analysis indicated anomalous diffusion and long-range memory effects, with differences between astrocyte and glioblastoma signals discussed.

DOI: 10.3390/e28010112 · PMID: 41594019

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41594019/

Study type: review

Radiation Medicine and Protection · 2024 · Manual

This paper provides an overview of biophoton research history and recent progress on the role of biophoton signaling in mediating radiation-induced bystander effects. It describes properties and proposed mechanisms of biophoton emission across biological systems and discusses potential mechanisms for biophoton-mediated RIBE, highlighting roles for mitochondria and exosomes.

Study URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666555724000546

Study type: animal

Reprod Toxicol · 2026 · Manual

Paternal exposure to 5G RFR (4.9 GHz) induced anxiety-like behaviors and impaired sperm quality in first-generation male offspring mice, potentially mediated by hypermethylation and downregulation of the LRGUK gene. No significant effects were observed on depression-like behaviors, cognition, or fertility in offspring.

DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.109139

Study URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0890623825003107

Study type: review

EBioMedicine · 2019 · Manual

This commentary/review summarizes findings that amplitude-modulated RF EMF therapy for HCC involves Cav3.2 (CACNA1H) T-type calcium channels as calcium entry proteins mediating anti-HCC effects, with calcium influx linked to down-regulation of HCC cancer stem cells. It also states that normal hepatocytes were not affected and that the whole-body averaged SAR in a treated HCC patient was below international safety exposure standards (details not provided in the abstract).

DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.060 · PMID: 31175055

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31175055/

Study type: systematic_review

2021 · Manual

Systematic review/meta-analyses of 88 sham-controlled experimental studies in non-human mammals exposed in utero (100 kHz–300 GHz) found no effect on litter size (MD 0.05; 95% CI -0.21 to 0.30; whole-body average SAR 4.92 W/kg). Increased resorbed/dead fetuses (OR 1.84; 95% CI 1.27 to 2.66; SAR 20.26 W/kg), decreased fetal weight (SMD 0.31; 95% CI 0.15 to 0.48; SAR 9.83 W/kg) and length (SMD 0.45; 95% CI 0.07 to 0.83; SAR 4.55 W/kg), and increased malformations (including OR 3.22; 95% CI 1.9 to 5.46 for litters with malformed fetuses; SAR 16.63 W/kg) were reported. Delayed effects showed no association for brain weight (SMD 0.10; 95% CI -0.09 to 0.29) and learning/memory (SMD -0.54; 95% CI -1.24 to 0.17), but detrimental associations for motor activity (SMD 0.79; 95% CI 0.21 to 1.38) and motor/sensory functions (SMD -0.66; 95% CI -1.18 to -0.14); neurobehavioral meta-analyses were based…

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37729852/

Study type: animal

1999 · Manual

Across six groups (n=90/group; total n=540), FM RF exposure (836.55 MHz) produced no observed changes in survival, number/incidence, or histological type of spontaneous or ENU-induced CNS tumors. ENU significantly increased CNS tumor incidence and reduced survival, but these effects were not attributed to FM field exposure.

Study URL: https://aacrjournals.org/cancerres/article-pdf/60/7/1857/3240743/ch070001857p.pdf

Study type: animal

Brain stimulation · 2026 · PubMed

A custom 945 MHz TRFS system produced localized brain heating in mice. In pristine mode, RF-induced temperature rises caused dose-dependent suppression of cortical PV interneuron activity and an ipsilateral rotational bias. In RF-genetics mode (TRPV1 overexpression), RF stimulation produced temperature-dependent excitation once local temperature change exceeded approximately 1.5°C and reversed rotational bias to contralateral.

DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2026.103032 · PMID: 41548801

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41548801/

Study type: other

Acta psychologica · 2026 · PubMed

EEG-based indices indicated that video calls produced significantly higher cognitive load than audio calls (example TAR means reported for 3-minute sessions; p<0.05) and higher mental fatigue (example values reported for 4-minute sessions). Effects were stronger with longer call duration, and ML classification distinguished call conditions with ROC AUC > 0.90.

DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.106160 · PMID: 41601117

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41601117/

Study type: cohort

medRxiv · 2026 · Manual

Compared with low habitual UV exposure (Sun-BEEM), medium and high exposure were associated with lower all-cause mortality (HR 0.89 and 0.84, respectively) and showed similar inverse associations for cardiovascular and non-skin cancer mortality. Skin cancer mortality showed no clear dose–response with UV exposure, while incident keratinocyte cancers increased across exposure categories; counterfactual modelling suggested potential net prevention of cardiovascular and other cancer deaths relative to additional melanoma/keratinocyte cancer deaths if associations are causal.

DOI: 10.64898/2026.01.08.26343592

Study URL: https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.01.08.26343592

Study type: cohort

Health Place · 2024 · Manual

In UK Biobank participants, two UV exposure measures (solarium use and annual average residential shortwave radiation), validated with measured vitamin D levels, were inversely associated with all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality. Solarium users also had lower risk of non-CVD/non-cancer mortality.

DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103328 · PMID: 39094281

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39094281/

Study type: cohort

J Intern Med · 2016 · Manual

In this prospective cohort, women with active sun exposure habits had lower risk of CVD and noncancer/non-CVD death compared with women who avoided sun exposure. Due to increased survival, the relative contribution of cancer death increased among women with active sun exposure habits. Avoidance of sun exposure was associated with reduced life expectancy (0.6–2.1 years) compared with the highest sun exposure group, and nonsmokers who avoided sun exposure had life expectancy similar to smokers in the highest sun exposure group.

DOI: 10.1111/joim.12496 · PMID: 26992108

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26992108/

Study type: in_vitro

Radiat Res · 2008 · Manual

Real-time measurements showed increased cytosolic Ca(2+) and increased Ca(2+) spiking in response to nonthermal RF exposure from 700–1100 MHz. Example given: 800 MHz at 0.5 W/kg increased spikes to 15.7±0.8 vs ~5 spikes/cell/60 min in controls (P<0.05). The increase depended on frequency but not on SAR between 0.5–5 W/kg; pharmacological agents implicated N-type Ca(2+) channels and phospholipase C, and microfilament disruption prevented Ca(2+) spikes.

DOI: 10.1667/rr1118.1 · PMID: 18302487

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18302487/

Study type: cross_sectional

Bioelectromagnetics · 2026 · Manual

In a 2023 cross-sectional survey of 292 German GPs and paediatricians, 31% reported believing in health issues as a consequence of EMF exposure. Higher conspiracy belief was associated with higher EMF risk perception (OR 2.92; 95% CI 1.81–4.13), while higher trust in WHO (OR 0.57; 95% CI 0.35–0.82) and the Federal Office for Radiation Protection (OR 0.50; 95% CI 0.28–0.76) was associated with lower EMF risk perception.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.70047 · PMID: 41744411

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41744411/

Study type: review

Environ Res · 2019 · Manual

This review reports that several meta-analyses since about 2000 found significant associations between 50-60 Hz magnetic field exposure and childhood leukemia. It states that government or independent studies more often reported significant or elevated risks, whereas industry-supported studies generally did not, and concludes that there is strong evidence for increased risks of adult leukemia, breast cancer, and brain cancer with excessive magnetic field exposure.

DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108688

Study URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31476684

Study type: systematic_review

Environ Health Perspect. · 2006 · Manual

In a systematic review of 59 controlled-exposure experimental studies of low-level radiofrequency radiation, studies funded exclusively by the telecommunications industry were least likely to report at least one statistically significant association between exposure and a health-related outcome (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.02–0.78) compared with studies funded by public agencies/charities. This association was reported as not materially altered after adjustment for number of outcomes, study quality, and other factors.

DOI: 10.1289/ehp.9149 · PMID: 17366811

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17366811/

Study type: exposure_assessment

Environ Res · 2018 · Manual

Children absorb two- to three-fold higher localized RF radiation doses in brain regions and eyes compared to adults when using cell phones or virtual reality devices. Current regulatory testing methods based on adult models underestimate exposure in children. Precautionary measures to reduce children's exposure are recommended.

DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.05.013

Study URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935118302561

Study type: systematic_review

2022 · Manual

Analysis of 131 peer-reviewed studies showed that 95% confirmed statistically significant oxidative effects induced by non-thermal RF EMFs, mostly pulsed/modulated by ELF, in various biological systems. Similarly, 92% of 39 studies on purely ELF EMFs revealed significant oxidative effects. The oxidative stress induced by man-made EMFs, especially wireless communication EMFs combining RF and ELF components, is a pronounced oxidative agent with high pathogenic potential in living cells.

DOI: 10.1201/9781003201052-6

Study URL: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003201052-6

Study type: other

Gen Physiol Biophys · 2024 · Manual

Human peripheral blood lymphocytes exposed to mobile telephony electromagnetic fields showed chromosomal damage. Pre-exposure to a single 15-minute mobile telephony EMF exposure before gamma radiation (0.1, 0.3, or 0.5 Gy) increased chromosomal aberrations significantly more than the sum of aberrations from the individual stressors.

DOI: 10.4149/gpb_2023036

Study URL: http://www.elis.sk/download_file.php?product_id=8263&amp;session_id=ef2ijbhbn0hevd1s33q2nvkrp6

Study type: animal

Neurotoxicology · 2025 · Manual

In vivo pre- and post-natal exposure at 0.08 and 0.4 W/kg SAR was associated with decreased BDNF levels, fewer BrdU+ proliferative cells, and a decreased excitatory/inhibitory synapse balance in rat pups. In vitro exposure at 0.08 W/kg SAR was associated with increased Ki-67+ proliferative cells, increased apoptosis, increased double-strand DNA breaks, and shifts in NSC-derived cell-type ratios (lower B1 cells; higher oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and astrocytes).

DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2025.103312

Study URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0161813X2500110X?via%3Dihub

Study type: systematic_review

Environment International · 2025 · Manual

Systematic reviews found moderate-certainty evidence of no or small effects on major human cancers except lower certainty for thyroid and oral/pharyngeal cancers. Animal studies showed moderate- to high-certainty evidence of effects on several cancer types and male fertility. Evidence for cognition and symptoms in humans was moderate to very low certainty, and oxidative stress findings were very low certainty with methodological challenges. The possibility of unknown biophysical mechanisms was noted.

DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2025.109751

Study URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412025005021

Study type: systematic_review

Environment International · 2025 · Manual

The review of 52 animal studies found high certainty evidence that RF-EMF exposure causes malignant heart schwannomas and brain gliomas in male rats. Moderate certainty evidence was found for lymphoma, adrenal pheochromocytomas, liver hepatoblastomas, and lung tumors. These findings represent a substantial upgrade from previous classifications of limited evidence.

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40339346/

Study type: cohort

Int J Reprod Biomed · 2016 · Manual

Women exposed to higher measured EMF levels had a statistically significant increased likelihood of miscarriage by likelihood ratio test, but this association was not confirmed by the Wald test; overall miscarriage rate was 12.3%.

PMID: 27326421

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27326421/

Study type: animal

2018 · Manual

The NTP study found clear evidence of increased malignant heart schwannomas and some evidence of increased brain gliomas in male rats exposed to GSM- and CDMA-modulated cell phone RFR at whole-body SAR levels of 1.5, 3, and 6 W/kg. The lowest dose (1.5 W/kg) produced as many or more tumors as higher doses, indicating a non-monotonic dose-response. The WHO 2025 systematic review rated the evidence for increased malignant heart schwannomas and brain gliomas in male rats as high certainty, explicitly including the NTP 1.5 W/kg data.

Study URL: https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/sites/default/files/ntp/htdocs/lt_rpts/tr595_508.pdf