Study type: other

Aerospace Medicine · 1961 · Manual

The paper reports experimental and interview-based data suggesting that human subjects can perceive RF energy as an auditory response. Responses were reported for frequencies at least as low as 200 MHz and at least as high as 3000 MHz, with subjects describing a buzzing sound at power densities stated to be below levels considered necessary for biological damage.

Study URL: https://zoryglaser.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/AUDITORY-SYSTEM-RESPONSE-TO-RADIO-FREQUENCY-ENERGY.pdf

Study type: other

EBioMedicine · 2019 · Manual

27.12 MHz athermal amplitude-modulated RF EMF at breast cancer specific frequencies was associated with decreased growth/metastases in brain-tropic cell line animal models and strong suppression of growth in brain metastasis PDX models. The authors report significant and durable regression of a brain metastasis in one patient, and propose mediation via Ca2+ influx through CACNA1H with downstream signaling changes and reduced angiogenesis-related markers.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.038 · PMID: 31129098

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31129098/

Study type: in_vitro

Electromagn Biol Med · 2026 · Manual

HCT116 cells exposed to 50 Hz ELF-EMF at 0.4 or 0.8 mT (9 or 18 h; continuous or discontinuous) showed significant alterations in miR-21, miR-141, miR-135, and miR-138 expression. Flow cytometry indicated increased apoptosis and necrosis rates under the electromagnetic field conditions.

DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2026.2635039 · PMID: 41731933

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41731933/

Study type: case_report

AMA Arch Ind Hyg Occup Med · 1952 · Manual

Reports bilateral lenticular opacities occurring in a technician operating a microwave generator.

PMID: 12996097

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12996097/

Study type: ecological

Health Phys · 1981 · Manual

In the West Midlands (England) during 1969–76, suicide locations were significantly correlated with measured power-frequency magnetic field strength, with more suicides occurring at locations with high magnetic field strength.

DOI: 10.1097/00004032-198108000-00003 · PMID: 7275611

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7275611/

Study type: ecological

Physiol Chem Phys · 1979 · Manual

Using a "new approach," the authors report that a correlation was established between the presence of transmission-line electromagnetic fields and the occurrence of suicides in part of the Midlands of England.

PMID: 542502

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/542502/

Study type: case_report

Br J Ophthalmol · 1976 · Manual

Two case histories are described involving exposure to thermal/infrared radiation from an electric oven and range. In one patient, earlier exposure to medical diathermy appeared to initiate delayed capsular cataracts, with accelerated cataractogenesis after recent repeated intense infrared exposure. In the other patient, exposed solely to infrared radiation, a chorioretinal lesion consistent with repeated thermal radiation was observed and later capsular opacification became evident.

DOI: 10.1136/bjo.60.9.632 · PMID: 990233

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/990233/

Study type: other

Environ Int · 2003 · Manual

Among 174 traced personnel, 16 cancers or suspected cancers were reported; 8 cancers were confirmed through a cancer registry. The investigation found no evidence of an event, factor, or condition in the police building that could be attributed to the observed cancer cases; a possible association with police traffic radar use is discussed.

DOI: 10.1016/s0160-4120(02)00082-x · PMID: 12504152

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12504152/

Study type: cohort

Am J Ind Med · 1993 · Manual

In a cohort of 340 police officers, six incident cases of testicular cancer occurred between 1979 and 1991 (O/E 6.9; p < 0.001). Occupational use of hand-held radar was reported as the only shared risk factor among the six cases, with routine close proximity of the radar gun to the testicles.

DOI: 10.1002/ajim.4700240209 · PMID: 8213849

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8213849/

Study type: animal

Biology Bulletin · Manual

In this pilot study, no clear differences in behavior were observed between rats exposed to unmodulated versus modulated 5G electromagnetic fields. Statistically significant behavioral changes occurred over time in both irradiated and control groups, which the authors suggest may relate to changes in the natural electromagnetic background in the semi-anechoic shielded chamber.

DOI: 10.1134/s1062359024701875

Study URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S1062359024701875

Study type: other

Gene · 2026 · PubMed

Functional characterization indicated that the two intronic SPAST variants impact splicing. In both families, the variants co-segregated with HSP and symptoms consistent with anorexia nervosa, suggesting a potential association between SPAST pathogenic variants and disordered eating behaviors.

DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2026.150053 · PMID: 41692186

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41692186/

Study type: case_report

Cureus · 2026 · PubMed

A 21-year-old man presented with a 4-day painful priapism and was subsequently diagnosed with sickle cell disease by laboratory testing and hemoglobin electrophoresis. Initial aspiration and phenylephrine injection failed, requiring distal cavernosal shunt surgery; priapism recurred four days later and resolved after red blood cell exchange transfusion.

DOI: 10.7759/cureus.101553 · PMID: 41694912

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41694912/

Study type: other

International journal of radiation biology · 2018 · PubMed

In EEG signals time-locked to the microwave radiation (MWR)-OFF stimulus, an enhanced signal level in the alpha band and about twice higher signal-to-noise ratio at 200–440 ms after the stimulus were detected. No remarkable response was observed in EEG signals time-locked to the MWR-ON stimulus.

DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1478164 · PMID: 29775395

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29775395/

Study type: other

Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces · 2017 · PubMed

Microwave irradiation was associated with changes in the growth medium’s spectral properties (200–350 nm), bioluminescence characteristics, NMR relaxation parameters, bacterial growth characteristics, cellular morphology, and surface topology. The authors report that transformation of the dynamic-structural state of adsorbed (bound) water phases on biopolymer surfaces is a key factor in the mechanism of microwave effects on living and water-containing objects.

DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.03.014 · PMID: 28288341

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28288341/

Study type: case_report

Electromagnetic biology and medicine · 2017 · PubMed

A type 1 diabetic male reported multiple instances in which blood glucose was dramatically elevated in the presence of microwave radiation from wireless technology and decreased when exposure ended. In one instance, both blood glucose and body temperature were elevated and remained elevated for nearly 48 hours after exposure, gradually decreasing thereafter.

DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2017.1323762 · PMID: 28524704

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28524704/

Study type: in_vitro

Klinicheskaia laboratornaia diagnostika · 2016 · PubMed

After a single 20-minute in vitro exposure of whole blood to low-intensity SHF radiation at 1000 MHz, intracellular levels of regulatory proteins (notably MDA5) increased in convalescents of community-acquired pneumonia; MAVS and Tmem173 also increased. The exposure increased phosphorylation of the NF-kB inhibitor (IkB-a) and levels of NF-kB components p50 and p65, and was reported to affect interferon-β production; in healthy individuals, MAVS decreased more than MDA5 and Tmem173 while interferon production increased.

PMID: 30601633

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30601633/

Study type: in_vitro

Voprosy kurortologii, fizioterapii, i lechebnoi fizicheskoi kultury · 2016 · PubMed

In a whole blood cell culture model from reconvalescent patients after community-acquired bacterial pneumonia, exposure to 1000 MHz electromagnetic radiation (power flux density 0.1 mcW/cm2) was associated with increased intracellular concentrations of Janus kinases and SOCS proteins and a simultaneous decrease in STAT factor levels.

DOI: 10.17116/kurort2016323-28 · PMID: 27271829

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27271829/

Study type: in_vitro

Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2016 · PubMed

Microwave radiation at 3.4–4.2 GHz from a cytochrome P450 CYP102 A1 (BM3) solution was registered during lauric acid hydroxylation. Radiation generation was reported to occur after addition of NADPH to a system containing enzyme and substrate, and was observed for enzyme solutions at the stated concentrations.

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.12.013 · PMID: 28955835

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28955835/

Study type: cross_sectional

Electromagnetic biology and medicine · 2014 · PubMed

In a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study of 250 inhabitants, multiple self-reported symptoms (e.g., nausea, headache, dizziness, irritability, depression, sleep disturbance, memory loss, lowered libido) were reported as statistically significantly more common among those living <300 m from a BTS antenna compared with those living >300 m away.

DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2013.801352 · PMID: 23781985

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23781985/

Study type: review

Journal of biomedical physics & engineering · 2013 · PubMed

The article discusses reports suggesting stimulatory/beneficial cognitive effects following exposure to cell phone radiofrequency radiation and notes recent reports indicating RF radiation may have a role in protecting against cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease. It emphasizes that most supporting data are from animal studies and are not easily extrapolated to humans.

PMID: 25505755

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25505755/

Study type: in_vitro

The Chinese journal of physiology · 2012 · PubMed

In PMA- and LPS-stimulated THP-1 monocytes, NFκB levels increased, and exposure to microwave radiation was reported to decrease NFκB expression. The authors conclude microwave radiation inhibited activity/functions of stimulated THP-1 monocytes.

DOI: 10.4077/cjp.2011.amm067 · PMID: 23286450

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23286450/

Study type: in_vitro

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference · 2008 · PubMed

Low level microwave exposures in the 500–900 MHz range were associated with increased LDH bioactivity at two specific frequencies (500 MHz and 900 MHz).

DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2008.4649340 · PMID: 19162843

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19162843/

Study type: in_vitro

Zhonghua yu fang yi xue za zhi [Chinese journal of preventive medicine] · 2002 · PubMed

Using a cDNA microarray of 97 target genes, seven genes showed increased transcription (reported fold-changes 2.07 to 3.68) after 2450 MHz simulated microwave exposure. No notably down-regulated genes were detected; the study also compared microwave exposure with a heat water bath condition.

PMID: 12411184

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12411184/

Study type: animal

Perceptual and motor skills · 2001 · PubMed

In a within-subjects reversal design, ibuprofen dose (10–50 mg/kg, i.p.) was associated with significant differences in number of microwave heat reinforcers per hour and rate of responding, with both measures significantly higher during the first 2 hours of the session.

DOI: 10.2466/pms.2001.92.2.391 · PMID: 11361298

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11361298/

Study type: animal

Cytobios · 2001 · PubMed

In rats, low-intensity microwave radiation was reported to have a stimulating effect on bone tissue regeneration. During long application of hydrocortisone, microwave radiation was described as a potentially protective factor for bone tissue.

PMID: 11409634

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11409634/

Study type: other

International journal of occupational and environmental health · 2000 · PubMed

The authors describe clusters of multiple tumor types among radar technicians reported to have prolonged high-level RF/microwave exposures, including a cohort of 25 workers with six tumors. They report estimated relative risks for cancer in this group and describe very short latency periods in index patients and a larger self-reported group, concluding that high-level long-duration exposures in settings with lax preventive measures were associated with increased cancer risk and suggesting prevention of exposures in the range of 10–100 microw/cm(2).

DOI: 10.1179/oeh.2000.6.3.187 · PMID: 10926722

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10926722/

Study type: other

Journal of theoretical biology · 2000 · PubMed

The authors propose a theoretical model in which pulsed microwave radiation can alter protein conformation by transiently heating the protein and its immediate environment, potentially triggering a heat shock/stress response even when no bulk temperature rise is detected by conventional thermometry. Using heat diffusion equation modeling, they report that pulsed athermal exposure could produce transient temperature excursions outside the normal range and suggest this may relate to the power window phenomenon via incomplete heat shock response triggering.

DOI: 10.1006/jtbi.2000.2123 · PMID: 10966765

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10966765/

Study type: animal

Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2000 · PubMed

Microwave radiation and strychnine produced changes in electrocorticogram spectral parameters and nonlinear dynamics measures (correlation dimension, Kolmogorov entropy) that were opposite to those induced by urethane. The modulatory effect of microwaves on cerebral bioelectric activity in narcotized rats was described as similar to strychnine and probably related to enhanced excitability and increased complexity of bioelectric processes.

DOI: 10.1007/bf02682245 · PMID: 11177257

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11177257/

Study type: animal

Biofizika · 1999 · PubMed

Two-step exposure effects depended on the time interval between exposures and pulse duration. The biologically active dose of microwave radiation was reported to be much lower than that of infrared laser radiation, while laser radiation induced a stronger cellular response. Microwaves were found to enhance the efficiency of infrared laser radiation.

PMID: 10418688

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10418688/

Study type: animal

Chirurgia narzadow ruchu i ortopedia polska · 1997 · PubMed

In rats receiving intraperitoneal hydrocortisone hemisuccinate for 12 weeks, concomitant microwave irradiation at two power densities was reported to have a protective effect on bone tissue exposed to corticotherapy.

PMID: 9273257

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9273257/

Study type: review

Oncology reports · 1996 · PubMed

The review states that the association between radiofrequency (radar/microwave) exposure and testicular damage/cancer is unproved, but that clinical and experimental data are suggestive. The authors describe a case of severe oligospermia followed by seminoma that they consider most probably induced by radar/microwave exposure, and note that epidemiologic evaluation is difficult due to small/secretive exposed populations.

DOI: 10.3892/or.3.2.365 · PMID: 21594374

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21594374/

Study type: in_vitro

Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia · 1996 · PubMed

Rat muscle actomyosin solution exposed to 2375 MHz pulse-modulated microwave radiation showed ATPase activity changes that depended on modulation frequency (50–300 pulses/second) and microwave intensity; specific modulation frequencies were reported to change ATPase activity.

PMID: 9019280

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9019280/

Study type: animal

The Anatomical record · 1996 · PubMed

In pigs exposed for 24 hr to 915 MHz microwave radiation, low-power exposure (6.1 mW/cm^2) showed ultrastructural and numerical signs consistent with enhanced secretory activity in pulmonary intravascular macrophages (e.g., increased RER:cytoplasm ratio, prominent Golgi profiles, secretory vesicles). High-power exposure (11.4 mW/cm^2) was associated with findings interpreted as pulmonary interstitium damage (extracellular AcPase precipitates and disrupted collagen matrix).

DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0185(199611)246:3<343::aid-ar5>3.0.co;2-z · PMID: 8915456

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8915456/

Study type: animal

Radiobiologiia · 1993 · PubMed

Repeated microwave exposure (1 mW/cm2) inhibited the anaphylactic response in some guinea pigs and was accompanied by increased blood histamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. The increases were more pronounced in irradiated guinea pigs that died from anaphylactic shock than in nonirradiated animals. Long-term stay in a weak, perturbed geomagnetic field reduced the effect induced by microwave radiation.

PMID: 8469740

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8469740/

Study type: animal

Perceptual and motor skills · 1993 · PubMed

In four rats tested in a cold environment, Friedman's test indicated significant differences among aspirin doses and saline control on operant responding reinforced by microwave radiation. Post hoc tests suggested a moderate aspirin dose increased responding, while lower and higher doses decreased and then increased responding, producing an inverted U-shaped trend.

DOI: 10.2466/pms.1993.77.1.187 · PMID: 8367238

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8367238/

Study type: in_vitro

Folia biologica · 1993 · PubMed

Microwave radiation at 2.54 GHz was reported to induce lipid peroxidation in phosphatidylcholine liposomes, assessed via absorption spectra of conjugated dienes. The abstract notes a discussion of how this relates to previously observed microwave-enhanced liposome permeability.

PMID: 8206170

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8206170/

Study type: animal

Psychological reports · 1992 · PubMed

In four rats tested in a cold environment, moderate and high intraperitoneal ethanol doses suppressed operant behavior that was reinforced by brief (5-sec) microwave exposures. Statistical tests indicated significant differences between ethanol doses.

DOI: 10.2466/pr0.1992.70.3c.1160 · PMID: 1496087

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1496087/

Study type: animal

Radiobiologiia · 1991 · PubMed

In albino rats exposed to microwaves at 500 microW/cm2, the authors report developing a model of adaptive immunity by transferring lymphoid cells from exposed animals. Microwave exposure was reported to cause autoimmune disorders occurring alongside structural and functional disturbances of the hematoencephalic (blood-brain) barrier.

PMID: 1745762

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1745762/

Study type: case_report

The Medical journal of Malaysia · 1991 · PubMed

Three occupationally exposed cases to radio-frequency and microwave radiation presented with multiple non-specific symptoms and alopecia areata. The authors state the alopecia areata was felt to be causally linked to the radiation exposure.

PMID: 1839918

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1839918/

Study type: animal

Zhurnal evoliutsionnoi biokhimii i fiziologii · 1991 · PubMed

One day after microwave exposure, neuronal activation was observed as increased discharge frequency and increased outburst-form activity. Cyclic outburst activity was absent in exposed embryos but present in controls; changes were reported only in the left hyperstriatum.

PMID: 1767610

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1767610/

Study type: animal

Radiobiologiia · 1990 · PubMed

Microwave irradiation (2450 MHz; specific absorbed power 0.1 to 5 W/g; continuous and pulsed-modulated) produced changes in potassium ion transport and oxygen consumption in perfused liver that did not differ from changes induced by heating the perfusate, suggesting a thermal mechanism.

PMID: 2349384

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2349384/

Study type: animal

Biofizika · 1990 · PubMed

A differential effect of 915 MHz microwave radiation (500 Hz amplitude modulation; 1 ms pulses) on the morphofunctional state of mouse 8-cell embryos was reported. Development was not disturbed by irradiation for 15 to 20 minutes.

PMID: 2083277

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2083277/

Study type: other

Zhonghua wai ke za zhi [Chinese journal of surgery] · 1989 · PubMed

In animal experiments using 2450 MHz microwave treatment, air bubbles formed in liver tissue and small veins when the radiated center temperature exceeded 80°C and were markedly reduced when temperature was controlled around 65°C. The radiated liver showed necrosis, reactive, and normal zones; the largest coagulated diameter was about 5 cm and coagulated tissue was completely absorbed by 60 days post-operation. Clinically, 17 primary hepatoma and 8 secondary liver cancer cases were treated with satisfactory results, with greatly reduced bleeding and no complications reported.

PMID: 2560966

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2560966/

Study type: case_report

Health physics · 1989 · PubMed

The paper summarizes an Australian court case regarding a radar technician’s claim that microwave exposure caused subcapsular posterior cataracts. The court ruled it was probable that the level of microwave exposure did not cause or accelerate the cataracts or contribute to their development, and the claim was dismissed.

DOI: 10.1097/00004032-198910000-00004 · PMID: 2529231

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2529231/

Study type: in_vitro

Biofizika · 1988 · PubMed

In dimyristoyl lecithin liposomes prepared below the phase-transition temperature, annealing induced by 340- and 800-MHz microwave radiation required less integral heating than expected based on thermostat heating experiments.

PMID: 3370244

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3370244/

Study type: animal

Progress in clinical and biological research · 1988 · PubMed

The studies reported results consistent with prenatal microwave exposure producing postnatal behavioral changes, particularly affecting sensitivity to thermally related stimuli or conditions rather than thermally neutral stimuli.

PMID: 3344272

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3344272/

Study type: animal

Perceptual and motor skills · 1987 · PubMed

Behavioral (thermal responding) rates depended on an interaction between fixed-ratio schedule value and microwave intensity. FR-1 produced the lowest overall rates, while FR-15 and FR-25 produced the highest. Higher responding occurred at 62.5 W than at higher intensities for FR-1, FR-15, and FR-25; FR-10 and FR-30 produced intermediate rates that were constant across intensities.

DOI: 10.2466/pms.1987.65.3.787 · PMID: 3438124

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3438124/

Study type: animal

Radiobiologiia · 1986 · PubMed

In albino Wistar rats, autoimmune reactions were reported to be stimulated by microwave exposure at 50 and 500 microW/cm2. The ability to simulate autoimmunity by immunizing intact animals with brain tissue from exposed rats was reported to depend on microwave radiation intensity.

PMID: 3774988

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3774988/

Study type: in_vitro

Nauchnye doklady vysshei shkoly. Biologicheskie nauki · 1986 · PubMed

Pulse microwave radiation increased fluorescence intensity of 2,6-TNS and 1,8-ANS incorporated into erythrocyte ghost membranes. With 2,6-TNS, the effect showed frequency dependence with a maximum reported at 55–65 Hz.

PMID: 3814660

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3814660/

Study type: animal

Radiobiologiia · 1985 · PubMed

Immunochemical analysis of blood serum protein fractions reported destabilization of humoral immune system factors at 500 W/cm2, manifested by formation of a new protein with physico-chemical properties of immunoglobulin G. The authors discuss the possibility that microwave irradiation may stimulate autoimmune reactions.

PMID: 4081001

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4081001/