Study type: animal

1999 · Manual

Across six groups (n=90/group; total n=540), FM RF exposure (836.55 MHz) produced no observed changes in survival, number/incidence, or histological type of spontaneous or ENU-induced CNS tumors. ENU significantly increased CNS tumor incidence and reduced survival, but these effects were not attributed to FM field exposure.

Study URL: https://aacrjournals.org/cancerres/article-pdf/60/7/1857/3240743/ch070001857p.pdf

Study type: exposure_assessment

Bioelectromagnetics · 2026 · PubMed

Exposure to 4.0 GHz RF at specified electric field amplitudes did not produce statistically significant reductions in bovine coronavirus survival compared to controls. Results suggest lower efficacy of viral inactivation at this frequency relative to higher frequencies.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.70040 · PMID: 41589709

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41589709/

Study type: animal

Bioelectromagnetics · 2014 · Manual

Across three generations of rats exposed whole-body to 2.14 GHz W-CDMA signals for 20 h/day at designed average SAR levels high (<0.24 W/kg), low (<0.08 W/kg), or sham, no abnormalities were observed in mothers or offspring in measured biological parameters, including neurobehavioral function. The authors concluded no adverse effects on F1–F3 offspring under these experimental conditions.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.21871 · PMID: 25196377

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25196377/

Study type: animal

Bioelectromagnetics · 1991 · Manual

Across AC magnetic-field frequencies from 3 to 770 Hz with simultaneous static (10–220 microT) and time-varying (1–20 microT) magnetic fields, no discernible changes in transepithelial current were observed under tested ion-cyclotron resonance conditions for several ions (H+, Li+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-).

DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250120203 · PMID: 2039558

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2039558/

Study type: engineering

PloS one · 2026 · PubMed

Using field-circuit coupling numerical simulations near a 200 kVA three-phase transformer, the maximum exposure occurred for a simulated patient directly beneath the transformer. Cardiac-tissue Bmax and Emax were reported to be below ICNIRP public exposure limits; at the same position, stent Bmax was 1.245 μT and stent Emax was 5.086×10^-4 mV/m, with maximum stent Ampere force density (Y-axis) 3.714×10^-6 N/m^3. The authors conclude minimal interference on the magnesium alloy stent and cardiac tissues under the simulated conditions.

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0340031 · PMID: 41615988

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41615988/

Study type: randomized_trial

Toxicology letters · 2015 · PubMed

In a single-blinded randomized counterbalanced study with three exposure conditions (SAR(10G)=2 W/kg, SAR(10G)=0.2 W/kg, sham), statistically significant variations over time were observed for TTR and β-trace protein, but there were no differences between exposure conditions and no exposure-by-time interaction. The study concluded it failed to show any acute clinically or statistically significant effect of short-term 890-MHz phone-like exposure on serum S100β, TTR, or β-trace protein within a two-hour follow-up.

DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.03.016 · PMID: 25839137

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25839137/

Study type: animal

Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2011 · PubMed

In mice exposed to 112 MHz (AM at 16 Hz; SAR 0.75 W/kg) or 2.45 GHz (SAR 0.1 W/kg), the study reports no tumor development attributable to RF/microwave exposure and no visible extra skin tumors when exposure followed a single topical DMBA dose. In the ascites carcinoma model, exposed mice showed a slight but statistically insignificant increase in cell numbers, with insignificant differences in mortality or cell proliferation versus controls; overall, no observable change in tumor size was reported.

DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0654-8 · PMID: 21086023

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21086023/

Study type: in_vitro

Anticancer research · 2009 · PubMed

Human lymphocytes exposed in vitro for 53 hours to 18.0 GHz continuous-wave (1.0 W/m^2) or 16.5 GHz pulsed-wave (10 W/m^2) microwave radiation did not show statistically significant increases in chromosomal aberration frequencies. No synergistic effect was observed with MMC or with pre-exposure to tobacco smoke; a non-significant trend toward increased aberrations was noted for 16.5 GHz pulsed exposure in DNA synthesis/repair-inhibited cultures.

PMID: 19661291

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19661291/

Study type: animal

Archives of medical research · 2008 · PubMed

After 10 months of 900 MHz exposure (2 h/day, 7 days/week), the apoptosis score in testes (cleaved caspase-3 staining) in the exposed group was not statistically different from sham or cage controls (p>0.05).

DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2007.06.013 · PMID: 18067994

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18067994/

Study type: other

Ear, nose, & throat journal · 2006 · PubMed

In 20 healthy men exposed to a cellular phone electromagnetic field (900–1,800 MHz) for three sessions lasting 15–30 minutes, no significant changes were observed in TEOAE or ABR measured after or during exposure. The authors conclude short-term cellular phone use does not alter the auditory system.

PMID: 16615597

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16615597/

Study type: in_vitro

Radiation research · 2006 · PubMed

Primary astroglial cultures exposed to 900 MHz radiation (3 W/kg GSM-modulated for 4, 8, 24 h; 27 W/kg continuous wave for 24 h; and GFAP assessed at 27 and 54 W/kg continuous wave for 4 or 24 h) showed no significant differences in IL6, TNFα, GFAP, total protein, or morphology versus controls. Microglial cultures exposed at 3 W/kg GSM-modulated for 8 h showed no significant differences in IL6, TNFα, ED-1, total protein, or morphology.

DOI: 10.1667/rr3584.1 · PMID: 16881742

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16881742/

Study type: randomized_trial

Bioelectromagnetics · 2005 · PubMed

In a randomized three-way crossover study of 18 children, reaction time tended to be shorter during 902 MHz mobile phone exposure (0.025 or 0.25 W) compared with sham (0 W), most notably for simple reaction time. However, no effects remained statistically significant after Bonferroni correction, and the study did not replicate earlier adult findings.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.20128 · PMID: 15931678

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15931678/

Study type: exposure_assessment

Radiation protection dosimetry · 2006 · PubMed

Measurements at 200 sites around 47 rooftop-mounted mobile phone base stations in Malaysia found RF/microwave radiation levels well below the maximum exposure limits set by various agencies.

DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nci373 · PMID: 16357026

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16357026/

Study type: animal

Bioelectromagnetics · 2004 · PubMed

Across 10 days of testing, analyses of error rates showed no significant microwave exposure effect and no exposure-by-drug interaction. Time-to-criterion analyses also showed no significant exposure effect; drug and test-day effects were observed, with some drugs increasing completion time. Authors conclude there was no evidence that the microwave exposure parameters used caused decrements in learning the spatial memory task.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.10148 · PMID: 14696053

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14696053/

Study type: animal

International journal of audiology · 2004 · PubMed

Repeated-measures ANOVA showed no differences in DPOAE amplitudes or ABR thresholds between exposed and non-exposed ears and between sham-exposed and exposed groups. Acute pre/post 1-hour exposure testing showed no statistically significant ABR threshold change. In vitro, exposed and sham-exposed organs of Corti appeared normal under light microscopy.

DOI: 10.1080/14992020400050069 · PMID: 15726845

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15726845/

Study type: in_vitro

Radiation research · 2004 · PubMed

In C3H 10T(1/2) cells, 2 h exposure to 2450 MHz continuous-wave microwaves at SAR 1.9 W/kg did not produce detectable DNA damage in the comet assay and did not impede gamma-ray-induced DNA migration. Measurements specific to DNA-protein crosslinks showed no evidence of induction or changes in protein associated with DNA after microwave exposure.

DOI: 10.1667/rr3122 · PMID: 14731069

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14731069/

Study type: animal

Bioelectromagnetics · 2003 · PubMed

In 16 rats (8 exposed, 8 sham), whole-body exposure to microwaves emitted from activated cellular phones (20 min/day for 1 month; whole-body average SAR 0.52 W/kg; 1 g peak SAR 3.13 W/kg) produced no statistically significant changes in any measured endpoint, including sperm measures, testicular histology, oxidative stress marker (malondialdehyde), p53 immunoreactivity, lipid composition, or rectal temperature.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.10083 · PMID: 12669301

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12669301/

Study type: in_vitro

European biophysics journal : EBJ · 2003 · PubMed

A myoglobin solution exposed to 1.95 GHz microwaves for 2.5 h at 51 mW/g SAR showed no influence of radiation on the native structural state based on absorption spectroscopy, circular dichroism, and fluorescence emission decay measurements.

DOI: 10.1007/s00249-003-0310-2 · PMID: 12811431

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12811431/

Study type: case_control

The Laryngoscope · 2003 · PubMed

In this case-control telephone survey, the odds ratio for IFN tumor with any handheld cellular telephone use was 0.6 (95% CI 0.2–1.9) and with regular use was 0.4 (95% CI 0.1–2.1). No factors, including cellular telephone use, were associated with increased IFN tumor risk.

DOI: 10.1097/00005537-200304000-00015 · PMID: 12671425

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12671425/

Study type: other

Die Nahrung · 2002 · PubMed

Boiling, grilling, and frying performed conventionally or using microwave radiation did not reduce the n-3 PUFA fraction of total fatty acids in herring fillets. Peroxide and anisidine values were reported to be insignificantly influenced, with little difference between conventional and microwave heating, indicating low oxidation products.

DOI: 10.1002/1521-3803(20021101)46:6<383::aid-food383>3.0.co;2-l · PMID: 12577584

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12577584/

Study type: animal

Bioelectromagnetics · 2000 · PubMed

Adult male C57BL/6J mice exposed to a low-intensity 900 MHz RF field pulsed at 217 Hz (average whole-body SAR 0.05 W/kg) for 45 min/day for 10 days showed no significant field-dependent effects on radial maze choice accuracy or total completion time compared with sham-exposed controls, whether tested immediately after exposure or after 15 or 30 minutes.

DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-186x(200004)21:3<151::aid-bem1>3.0.co;2-q · PMID: 10723014

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10723014/

Study type: exposure_assessment

American Industrial Hygiene Association journal · 1999 · PubMed

Across 986 power-density measurements, 4 exceeded 5 mW/cm2 (IRPA/NCRP limit) but none exceeded 10 mW/cm2 (ACGIH/ANSI/IEEE/OSHA). The 4 higher readings were maximum power density measurements taken directly in front of the radar. Of 812 measurements at approximated seated ocular and testicular positions, none exceeded 0.04 mW/cm2 (maximum 0.034 mW/cm2), which the authors state is <1% of the most conservative current safety standards.

DOI: 10.1080/00028899908984500 · PMID: 10671181

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10671181/

Study type: in_vitro

Bioelectromagnetics · 1997 · PubMed

HeLa cells exposed for 2 h to continuous-wave 27 or 2450 MHz radiation at SAR 25 W/kg and CHO cells exposed for 2 h to continuous-wave 27 MHz radiation at SAR 100 W/kg showed no detectable effect on stress protein induction compared with sham exposure under isothermal conditions. Positive controls (40°C heat exposure or 45 µM cadmium sulfate) produced expected stress protein responses in both cell types.

DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-186x(1997)18:7<499::aid-bem5>3.0.co;2-y · PMID: 9338631

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9338631/

Study type: in_vitro

Journal of diarrhoeal diseases research · 1996 · PubMed

Pools of colostrum and human milk exposed to microwave radiation, pasteurization, or lyophilization did not show a significant change in their ability to inhibit localized adherence of EPEC O111:H- to HEp-2 cells compared with untreated samples. Total protein values were maintained; IgA concentration and colostral anti-EPEC IgA were reduced after pasteurization, but remaining IgA was still sufficient for the adhesion inhibition assay.

PMID: 8870401

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8870401/

Study type: animal

Bioelectromagnetics · 1994 · PubMed

In DMH-initiated mice, tumor incidence did not significantly differ among DMH-only, DMH+microwave, and DMH+TPA groups (P > 0.25). No differences were found between DMH-only and DMH+microwave groups for tumor incidence and other reported tumor measures (P > 0.25), while the DMH+TPA group had higher tumor number, larger tumors, and higher incidence of protuberant/infiltrative types compared with DMH-only and DMH+microwave (P < 0.05).

DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250150606 · PMID: 7880166

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7880166/

Study type: other

Applied and environmental microbiology · 1994 · PubMed

Using a kinetics vessel at steady-state temperatures of 90, 100, and 110°C, inactivation rates for microwave-heated and conventionally heated spores were similar at the 95% confidence level. In a cooled-loop setup absorbing ~400 W microwave power, inactivation occurred in both irradiated and unirradiated samples and was suspected to be due to copper ion toxicity; similar results were interpreted as implying absence of nonthermal microwave effects. With a silicone tubing loop and continuous irradiation at 150 W, no detectable inactivation occurred; overall, microwave effects on spore viability were indistinguishable from conventional heating.

DOI: 10.1128/aem.60.2.482-488.1994 · PMID: 8135512

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8135512/

Study type: in_vitro

Biochimica et biophysica acta · 1994 · PubMed

In unilamellar phosphatidylcholine liposomes exposed at 37.6 ± 0.5 °C, 2.45 GHz microwave exposure did not produce a non-thermal increase in permeability beyond that seen with thermal heating for the same 5–20 min intervals. The authors conclude that previously reported increased permeability was not a non-thermal microwave effect.

DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(94)90150-3 · PMID: 7918582

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7918582/

Study type: other

Biomedizinische Technik. Biomedical engineering · 1993 · PubMed

In a worst-case scenario, eye heating was observed but was mainly attributed to conventional heating rather than microwave radiation. Significant microwave-related heating occurred only when increased scattered radiation was simulated by disabling safety contacts and opening the door; with a 2.3 cm door gap, the microwave component was ≤16% of a 5°C increase after 1 hour, and with a 2.6 cm gap, 15 minutes exposure contributed 50% of a 2°C increase. The authors conclude that eye damage from use of microwave ovens can be excluded based on these results.

DOI: 10.1515/bmte.1993.38.1-2.17 · PMID: 8461443

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8461443/

Study type: animal

Fiziologicheskii zhurnal SSSR imeni I. M. Sechenova · 1991 · PubMed

In isolated frog spinal cord exposed to continuous-wave 6.45 GHz microwaves (SAR 0.1–2 W/g), no changes in synaptic transmission or EPSP summation were observed when preparation temperature was kept constant. VHF and conventional heating produced the same effects, supporting a thermal mechanism.

PMID: 1652496

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1652496/

Study type: animal

The Journal of microwave power and electromagnetic energy : a publication of the International Microwave Power Institute · 1991 · PubMed

Chicken embryos were exposed to continuous-wave 2.45 GHz microwave radiation during incubation (mean power density 3.6 mW/cm2; mean egg SAR 0.8 mW/g per mW/cm2). There was no significant difference in percent fertile eggs hatched between microwave-exposed eggs and conventionally incubated eggs (82.9% vs 87.7%).

DOI: 10.1080/08327823.1991.11688159 · PMID: 1800699

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1800699/

Study type: animal

Poultry science · 1991 · PubMed

Chicks operantly conditioned to activate a microwave generator delivering 13 mW/cm2 showed no statistically significant differences versus infrared-bulb controls in plasma corticosterone at 4 weeks, organ weights (spleen, bursa), gross morphology, selected histological parameters (spleen, bursa, adrenal, thyroid), heterophil:lymphocyte ratios, packed cell volume, or total plasma protein (all P > .05).

DOI: 10.3382/ps.0700509 · PMID: 2047344

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2047344/

Study type: other

The British journal of dermatology · 1990 · PubMed

Several transdermal delivery systems exposed to microwave radiation from a microwave diathermy unit showed temperature rises up to 2.2°C at a maximum power density of 800 W/m2. The authors considered these rises insignificant for producing a burn and concluded such exposure (including lower-level microwave oven leakage) is unlikely to cause direct thermal injury to the wearer.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1990.tb08284.x · PMID: 2322499

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2322499/

Study type: animal

Radiobiologiia · 1990 · PubMed

Microwave irradiation (2450 MHz; specific absorbed power 0.1 to 5 W/g; continuous and pulsed-modulated) produced changes in potassium ion transport and oxygen consumption in perfused liver that did not differ from changes induced by heating the perfusate, suggesting a thermal mechanism.

PMID: 2349384

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2349384/

Study type: in_vitro

Bioelectromagnetics · 1990 · PubMed

In L5178Y mouse leukemic cells, simultaneous exposure to 2.45-GHz pulsed-wave radiofrequency radiation (SAR ~40 W/kg for 4 h) and proflavin did not produce a statistically significant increase in induced mutant frequency compared with proflavin alone. No change in mutant colony-size distribution was observed, and no mutagenic action of the RFR exposure alone was detected under these conditions.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250110206 · PMID: 2242050

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2242050/

Study type: case_report

Health physics · 1989 · PubMed

The paper summarizes an Australian court case regarding a radar technician’s claim that microwave exposure caused subcapsular posterior cataracts. The court ruled it was probable that the level of microwave exposure did not cause or accelerate the cataracts or contribute to their development, and the claim was dismissed.

DOI: 10.1097/00004032-198910000-00004 · PMID: 2529231

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2529231/

Study type: in_vitro

Physiological chemistry and physics and medical NMR · 1988 · PubMed

Across four rodent cell lines and the DNA probes used (oncogenes, heat shock protein, long terminal repeat sequences), no significant differences in mRNA expression were observed between microwave-exposed and sham-exposed samples.

PMID: 3222348

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3222348/

Study type: animal

Bioelectromagnetics · 1988 · PubMed

In black C57/6J mice with B16 melanoma, low-level 2,450 MHz microwave exposure (1 mW/cm2; SAR 1.2 mW/g) for up to 690 hours showed no significant effects on tumor development or survival compared with controls. No significant differences were observed between continuous-wave and pulsed-wave exposure.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250090110 · PMID: 3345211

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3345211/

Study type: animal

International journal of radiation biology and related studies in physics, chemistry, and medicine · 1988 · PubMed

Male mice chronically exposed to 2.45 GHz continuous-wave microwaves (100 W m-2; SAR ~4 W/kg) showed no significant differences versus sham controls in pregnancy rate, preimplantation survival, or postimplantation survival. Cytogenetic analysis found no differences in reciprocal translocations or univalents; low levels of fragments/exchanges occurred in both groups, and the authors concluded no evidence of male germ-cell mutagenesis under these conditions.

DOI: 10.1080/09553008814551341 · PMID: 3259564

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3259564/

Study type: in_vitro

Radiation research · 1987 · PubMed

In MRC-5 human fibroblasts, continuous-wave and pulsed-wave microwave-range RFR exposures (350, 850, and 1200 MHz) for 1–3 h at 37°C showed no effect on the rate of UV-induced DNA repair synthesis. Pulsed-wave exposures at 350 and 850 MHz with medium held at 39°C during the post-UV repair period also showed no effect. RFR exposure alone did not induce repair synthesis under the tested conditions, and preliminary experiments found no effect on semiconservative DNA synthesis ([3H]thymidine incorporation) at 39°C.

PMID: 3575655

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3575655/

Study type: animal

Bioelectromagnetics · 1987 · PubMed

Rats exposed for 8 h to continuous-wave 1.3 GHz microwave radiation at a mean specific absorbed dose rate of 9 mW/g showed an elevation of deep rectal temperature of 4.5°C. Despite this acute thermogenesis, the authors report no substantial decrement in measured testicular function outcomes (organ masses, sperm production/counts, FSH, LH) at 6.5, 13, 26, or 52 days post-exposure.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250080106 · PMID: 3579998

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3579998/

Study type: animal

Bioelectromagnetics · 1987 · PubMed

Quail embryos irradiated continuously in ovo with 2.45 GHz continuous wave radiation for the first 12 days of embryogenesis showed no differences versus sham in hatchability, post-hatching mortality, egg production, egg weight, fertility, hatchability of eggs produced, or reproductive performance of progeny.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250080103 · PMID: 3580002

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3580002/

Study type: in_vitro

Physiological chemistry and physics and medical NMR · 1986 · PubMed

Microwave exposure (2450 MHz continuous wave; mean SAR 103.5 ± 4.2 W/kg) produced a significant stimulation versus incubator controls, but a similar stimulation was also observed after sham treatment. There was no significant difference between microwave- and sham-exposed groups, and the authors attribute differences versus incubator controls to slower heating of the incubator controls (not exceeding 35.9°C).

PMID: 3588695

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3588695/

Study type: animal

Bioelectromagnetics · 1986 · PubMed

Circulating antibody titers in microwave-exposed mice were not significantly different from sham-irradiated mice, and no differences were observed in analyzed hematological parameters under the stated exposure conditions.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250070110 · PMID: 3730005

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3730005/

Study type: other

Pharmaceutisch weekblad. Scientific edition · 1986 · PubMed

Doxorubicin and epirubicin solutions stored at -20°C and thawed either at room temperature or by microwave radiation showed no loss of content after at least 2 weeks (doxorubicin) and 4 weeks (epirubicin). Refreezing and re-thawing doxorubicin five weeks later resulted in only a slight decrease in content.

DOI: 10.1007/bf01959778 · PMID: 3461424

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3461424/

Study type: in_vitro

Radiation research · 1986 · PubMed

Murine erythroleukemic cell cultures exposed to 1180-MHz microwave radiation for 48 h at 5.5, 11, and 22 mW/cm2 (temperature maintained at 37.4°C) showed similar mean cell doubling time, proportion of benzidine-positive differentiated cells, and hemoglobin content compared with HMBA-induced controls. The authors report no observed effect on proliferation or differentiation under these non-hyperthermic conditions.

PMID: 3464992

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3464992/

Study type: animal

Bioelectromagnetics · 1986 · PubMed

Across two studies in rats, the authors report no substantial evidence for regional brain temperature differentials (“hot spots”) after 30-min exposures to 2450 MHz microwaves or elevated ambient air temperature. In one study, no temperature differences between brain regions were found after either exposure, and brain temperature correlated strongly with core temperature similarly for both heating methods. In a second study, only cortex showed different heating rates between air heating and microwave heating, but this difference was limited to the initial 5 minutes and was not present thereafter.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250070302 · PMID: 3753529

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3753529/

Study type: animal

Bioelectromagnetics · 1985 · PubMed

Adult rats exposed for 30 min to 1.7-GHz continuous-wave or pulsed microwaves at 0.1 W/kg showed no change in uptake of either tracer in any measured brain region compared with sham-exposed animals.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250060205 · PMID: 4004946

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4004946/

Study type: animal

The Journal of microwave power and electromagnetic energy : a publication of the International Microwave Power Institute · 1985 · PubMed

In rhesus monkeys chronically exposed to 9.3 GHz microwave radiation at average incident power densities of 150 or 300 mW/cm2, only inconsistent transient hematological and blood-chemistry effects were reported. The abstract states a lack of significant hematological effects and references earlier reports of no ocular or behavioral changes.

DOI: 10.1080/16070658.1985.11720275 · PMID: 3847503

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3847503/

Study type: animal

The Journal of microwave power and electromagnetic energy : a publication of the International Microwave Power Institute · 1985 · PubMed

Single cells of Chara braunii and Nitella flexilis were irradiated with 2.45-GHz microwaves for short, intermediate, and long durations. No reliable radiation-correlated shifts were observed in vacuolar potential (dc level), low-frequency excess noise, or membrane resistivity, including under reduced temperature or ethacrynic acid conditions.

DOI: 10.1080/16070658.1985.11720278 · PMID: 3847506

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3847506/

Study type: other

The Journal of microwave power and electromagnetic energy : a publication of the International Microwave Power Institute · 1985 · PubMed

The authors re-examined Frey’s critique/analysis of two prior studies and report that log-linear tests of opacity data indicated subject age was significantly associated with opacities, whereas microwave radiation was not significantly associated (contrary to Frey’s conclusion).

DOI: 10.1080/16070658.1985.11720302 · PMID: 3851851

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3851851/