Study type: animal

Biomaterials · 2023 · PubMed

Bioluminescence photodynamic therapy (BL-PDT) using BRET conjugates of Chlorin e6 and Renilla reniformis luciferase produced effective targeted cancer cell killing. In an orthotopic mouse model of 4T1 triple-negative breast cancer, BL-PDT showed strong therapeutic effects on large primary tumors and, for early-stage tumors, complete remission and prevention of metastasis.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122079 · PMID: 36889146

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36889146/

Study type: review

EBioMedicine · 2019 · Manual

This commentary/review summarizes findings that amplitude-modulated RF EMF therapy for HCC involves Cav3.2 (CACNA1H) T-type calcium channels as calcium entry proteins mediating anti-HCC effects, with calcium influx linked to down-regulation of HCC cancer stem cells. It also states that normal hepatocytes were not affected and that the whole-body averaged SAR in a treated HCC patient was below international safety exposure standards (details not provided in the abstract).

DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.060 · PMID: 31175055

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31175055/

Study type: cohort

Health Place · 2024 · Manual

In UK Biobank participants, two UV exposure measures (solarium use and annual average residential shortwave radiation), validated with measured vitamin D levels, were inversely associated with all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality. Solarium users also had lower risk of non-CVD/non-cancer mortality.

DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103328 · PMID: 39094281

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39094281/

Study type: other

2012 · Manual

Amplitude-modulated electromagnetic fields (AM-EMF) exposure reduced growth rate of tumor cells from tissue-specific origins without affecting normal cells, with effects dependent on field strength and exposure time. Clinical reports indicated disease stabilization and partial responses in cancer patients treated with specific AM-EMF frequencies. The study suggests a biological mechanism involving gene expression changes and mitotic spindle dysfunction.

Study URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/bjc2011576

Study type: other

4Open · 2021 · Manual

In pooled patients treated with the TheraBionic P1 device, median OS was 10.36 months (Child-Pugh A, n=32), 4.44 months (Child-Pugh B, n=25), and 1.99 months (Child-Pugh C, n=2). Median OS for Child-Pugh A patients was 2.62 months longer than comparable historical controls (p=0.036); Child-Pugh B first-line therapy OS was slightly higher than historical controls receiving sorafenib. Reported adverse events were limited to grade 1 mucositis and fatigue, and no patients discontinued due to adverse events.

DOI: 10.1051/fopen/2021003 · PMID: 41550248

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41550248/

Study type: other

EBioMedicine · 2019 · Manual

27.12 MHz athermal amplitude-modulated RF EMF at breast cancer specific frequencies was associated with decreased growth/metastases in brain-tropic cell line animal models and strong suppression of growth in brain metastasis PDX models. The authors report significant and durable regression of a brain metastasis in one patient, and propose mediation via Ca2+ influx through CACNA1H with downstream signaling changes and reduced angiogenesis-related markers.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.038 · PMID: 31129098

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31129098/

Study type: other

EBioMedicine · 2019 · Manual

Intrabuccal administration of amplitude-modulated 27.12 MHz RF EMF produced systemic, athermal exposure levels reported as lower than those generated by cell phones held close to the body. In mice with human HCC xenografts, exposure was associated with tumour shrinkage and histological differentiation of HCC cells into quiescent spindle-morphology cells. The reported tumour-specific antiproliferative and cancer stem cell-inhibiting effects were mediated by Ca2+ influx through Cav3.2 (CACNA1H) channels, increasing intracellular calcium in HCC cells only.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.034

Study URL: https://www.ebiomedicine.com/article/S2352-3964(19)30342-1/fulltext

Study type: review

Chin J Cancer · 2013 · Manual

The abstract reports that intrabuccal administration of 27.12 MHz RF EMF amplitude-modulated at tumor-specific frequencies resulted in long-term objective responses in patients with cancer and was not associated with significant adverse effects. It also states that in vitro, tumor-specific frequencies identified in patients can block tumor cell growth in a tissue- and tumor-specific manner, with experimental evidence suggesting effects on gene expression and mitotic spindle disruption.

DOI: 10.5732/cjc.013.10177 · PMID: 24206915

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24206915/

Study type: other

Food chemistry · 2026 · PubMed

Radiofrequency heating induced ageing-like structural and functional changes in Jhelum rice, with microstructural disruption/aggregation resembling naturally aged rice. RF-treated rice showed increased resistant starch (4.18 ± 0.47%) and a reduced glycaemic index (from 70.34 ± 3.39 in freshly harvested rice to 61.17 ± 2.18), along with improved milling quality (head rice yield 61.81 ± 3.57% in RF-treated paddy) and changes consistent with enhanced starch stability and cooking quality.

DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2026.148268 · PMID: 41655485

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41655485/

Study type: review

Ukr Biokhim Zh (1999) · 2006 · Manual

The paper presents data on biological and medical effects of monochromatic visible light and states that enzymes of the energetic system are primary acceptors. It describes a photoactivation mechanism involving increased activity of electron-transfer chain enzymes, including photolysis of nitrosyl enzyme complexes.

PMID: 17290778

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17290778/

Study type: animal

Voprosy kurortologii, fizioterapii, i lechebnoi fizicheskoi kultury · 2017 · PubMed

In male white rats, low-intensity ultrahigh-frequency electromagnetic radiation (EMR UHF) and a low-intensity low-frequency magnetic field applied during the post-irradiation period (within 21 days after radiation exposure) were reported to enhance metabolic and regenerative processes in the testes and liver. The magnetic field was reported to largely intensify antioxidant activity, while EMR UHF preferentially stimulated biosynthetic processes and cellular/intracellular regeneration.

DOI: 10.17116/kurort201794454-58 · PMID: 29119962

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29119962/

Study type: in_vitro

BMC chemistry · 2026 · PubMed

Seven carbazole-aniline hybrids (5a–5g) were synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxicity; compound 5e showed the strongest activity with IC50 26.4 ± 2.54 µM (MCF-7) and 34.5 ± 1.69 µM (SW480), with MCF-7 activity comparable to erlotinib (IC50 39.3 µM). Docking indicated 5e binds the EGFR active site (binding energy −8.6 kcal/mol) with hydrogen bonds to Asp831 and Thr766, and molecular dynamics suggested a stable 5e–EGFR complex; ADME predictions were favorable for all compounds and consistent with Lipinski’s Rule of Five.

DOI: 10.1186/s13065-026-01744-x · PMID: 41691293

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41691293/

Study type: in_vitro

Dental research journal · 2017 · PubMed

In contaminated dentures, microwave irradiation (650 W for 3 min), 2% glutaraldehyde, and Corega tablets showed no evidence of bacterial growth at 48 h and no turbidity after 7 days, compared with positive controls (P < 0.001). Brushing showed bacterial growth at 48 h and turbidity in all plates.

PMID: 28584537

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28584537/

Study type: in_vitro

GMS hygiene and infection control · 2017 · PubMed

In an in vitro experiment using 34 contaminated stone half-casts, both wet and dry groups achieved a high level of disinfection (~6-log reduction) after microwave irradiation. No statistically significant difference in disinfection level was reported between wet and dry casts.

DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000294 · PMID: 28840089

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28840089/

Study type: engineering

Ultrasonics sonochemistry · 2018 · PubMed

Nano-metal binary oxide catalysts prepared with La introduction and ultrasonic intervention showed the best performance for low-temperature toluene oxidation under microwave radiation, achieving 80% removal at 120°C and 97% mineralization at 210°C. Compared with lower-performing samples and with non-ultrasonic impregnation, the La-Co (US) sample showed higher removal and mineralization rates and maintained catalytic activity over three cycles.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.07.047 · PMID: 28946456

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28946456/

Study type: other

Acta poloniae pharmaceutica · 2017 · PubMed

In ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone catalyzed by organic acids, citric acid produced substantially higher molecular weight polymer compared with other catalysts. Higher average molecular weights were also obtained when reactions were conducted under microwave radiation.

PMID: 29474778

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29474778/

Study type: in_vitro

Acta poloniae pharmaceutica · 2017 · PubMed

Hydrogels synthesized using microwave irradiation showed a more uniformly porous network structure and higher swelling ratios than hydrogels synthesized by conventional water bath heating. Thermal analysis indicated crosslinked polymers were more stable, FT-IR confirmed formation of a new polymeric network, and X-ray diffraction suggested reduced crystallinity of HPMC in microwave-prepared hydrogel; a stable network was developed in a shorter time under microwave radiation.

PMID: 29624258

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29624258/

Study type: engineering

Scientific reports · 2015 · PubMed

Hollow polypyrrole (HPPy) microspheres showed higher electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding efficiency than polypyrrole (PPy) across 0.5–8 GHz, attributed to trapping of EM waves by internal reflection. Adding silver (HPPy/Ag-10, 10 wt% Ag) further increased shielding efficiency, attributed to internal reflection plus reflection from the outer surface.

DOI: 10.1038/srep07638 · PMID: 25560384

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25560384/

Study type: other

Journal of environmental sciences (China) · 2015 · PubMed

Microwave radiation combined with nanoscale zero-valent iron (MW-nZVI) achieved more rapid and efficient removal of Solvent Blue 36 and Reactive Yellow K-RN and greater TOC removal than nZVI alone across pH 5.0–9.0. Dye removal efficiency increased with decreasing pH and was reported to be negligibly affected by variation in microwave power; MW-nZVI kinetics fit both an empirical equation and a pseudo first-order model.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2014.09.030 · PMID: 25872723

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25872723/

Study type: engineering

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP · 2015 · PubMed

Controlled localization of nanoparticles in co-continuous PC/PVDF blends produced high microwave absorption (~90%). A model structure with conducting (PANI-modified MWNTs) and magnetic (Fe3O4) inclusions in PVDF and dielectric (BaTiO3) in PC achieved reflection loss ~-71 dB and shielding effectiveness ~-37 dB, with shielding mainly via absorption (~90%).

DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05189d · PMID: 26431367

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26431367/

Study type: in_vitro

Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology · 2014 · PubMed

Microwave exposure (2.5–20.0 mW/cm(2) for 20 min) inhibited JF305 pancreatic cancer cell growth in a dose-dependent manner and increased apoptosis (annexin V-FITC: 4.0% at 0, 10.0% at 5.0, 12.0% at 10.0, and 30.0% at 20.0 mW/cm(2)). Microwave treatment increased caspase-9 and caspase-3 activity, decreased Bcl-2, increased Bax and CytoC, increased p65, and decreased IκBα.

DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2013-0220 · PMID: 24708215

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24708215/

Study type: other

Pharmacognosy magazine · 2014 · PubMed

Post-acoustic waves and microwave radiation techniques applied to fresh garlic cloves were reported to retain allicin in its pure form and generate higher yield than conventional extraction. The methods were also reported to rule out possibilities of degradation of organosulfur compounds.

DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.133279 · PMID: 24991105

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24991105/

Study type: in_vitro

International journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group · 2013 · PubMed

Microwave irradiation at 2450 MHz in the presence of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) produced a significant decline in Leishmania major promastigote survival compared with microwave exposure without GNPs. Groups containing GNPs also showed the least amastigote survival, and GNPs during microwave irradiation were more lethal than microwave alone.

DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2012.758875 · PMID: 23311381

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23311381/

Study type: in_vitro

International journal of nanomedicine · 2013 · PubMed

A microwave-driven solvothermal method (high energy density 5 W/mL, <2 minutes) produced pure, fully crystalline hexagonal hydroxyapatite nanopowder with specific surface area ~240 m^2/g, Ca/P ratio 1.57, and average grain size <6 nm. In vitro testing with human bone-derived cells indicated good cytocompatibility in both extract and direct-contact assays, with better cell tolerance than a commercial HAp reference (NanoXIM).

DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s39299 · PMID: 23431124

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23431124/

Study type: in_vitro

Wei sheng yan jiu = Journal of hygiene research · 2013 · PubMed

Exposure to 2450 MHz microwave radiation (2.5–20.0 mW/cm2 for 20 min) was associated with significantly higher proliferation inhibition rates versus control in JF305 cells. Microwave exposure induced apoptosis and increased caspase-3 activity and caspase-3 and HSP70 protein expression compared with control.

PMID: 24459920

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24459920/

Study type: engineering

Physical review letters · 2012 · PubMed

A superconducting Josephson mixer generated spatially separated two-mode squeezed (entangled) microwave fields at different frequencies on separate transmission lines. A second mixer recombined/disentangled the fields, and the measured output noise level below the vacuum level at the second mixer input was reported as unambiguous proof of entanglement, with a demonstrated generation rate of 6 Mebit·s^-1.

DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.183901 · PMID: 23215279

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23215279/

Study type: other

Bioresource technology · 2013 · PubMed

Dairy wastewater fermentation in microwave-heated reactors at 35 b0C produced the highest biogas with ~67% methane. Temperature and microwave application were reported as the main factors explaining variation in the methanogen community; at 35 b0C microwave heating stimulated a highly diverse methanogen assemblage and altered Methanosarcina species presence, while at 55 b0C Methanosarcinaceae abundance decreased with shifts in dominant taxa.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.11.093 · PMID: 23262005

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23262005/

Study type: in_vitro

The Chinese journal of physiology · 2012 · PubMed

In PMA- and LPS-stimulated THP-1 monocytes, NFκB levels increased, and exposure to microwave radiation was reported to decrease NFκB expression. The authors conclude microwave radiation inhibited activity/functions of stimulated THP-1 monocytes.

DOI: 10.4077/cjp.2011.amm067 · PMID: 23286450

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23286450/

Study type: animal

Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A · 2010 · PubMed

In mice, preexposure to low-dose 900-MHz microwaves attenuated damage produced by gamma-ray irradiation, with less severe pathological alterations in bone marrow and spleen. The abstract reports associated findings consistent with stimulation of granulocyte-macrophage proliferation and inhibition of gamma-ray-induced suppression of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, and postulates up-expression of hematopoietic growth factors as a mechanism.

DOI: 10.1080/15287390903523451 · PMID: 20391130

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20391130/

Study type: engineering

Bioresource technology · 2010 · PubMed

Response surface methodology optimization of microwave drying for oil palm trunk core lumber found microwave drying reduced drying time and improved moisture removal compared with oven drying, with no significant changes reported. An optimum condition was reported at 6.89 min with a microwave power setting of 4 for a 1000 g sample, predicting 14.62% moisture content.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.05.061 · PMID: 20639118

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20639118/

Study type: in_vitro

Medical & biological engineering & computing · 2011 · PubMed

LDH enzyme solutions irradiated in a TEM cell showed selectively increased LDH activity at 500 MHz (electric field 0.02–2.1 V/m; 1.2×10^-6 to 1.2×10^-2 W/m^2) and at 900 MHz (electric field 0.021–0.21 V/m; 1.2×10^-4 W/m^2), compared with non-irradiated enzyme.

DOI: 10.1007/s11517-010-0690-2 · PMID: 21308416

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21308416/

Study type: in_vitro

International journal of peptides · 2009 · PubMed

Peptide bond synthesis on PEGA beads under microwave radiation showed improved reaction kinetics for both classical chemical coupling and thermolysin-catalyzed synthesis. The study also assessed beads' integrity and enzyme activity under microwave radiation.

DOI: 10.1155/2009/362482 · PMID: 20721296

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20721296/

Study type: engineering

Journal of hazardous materials · 2009 · PubMed

A continuous pilot-scale microwave system (output power 4.8 kW; capacity ~5 m^3/day) was tested on real coke-plant wastewater with ammonia nitrogen concentrations of 2400–11000 mg/L. Ammonia removal could reach about 80% under the evaluated operating conditions, and the running cost was reported as slightly lower than conventional steam-stripping.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.02.113 · PMID: 19304377

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19304377/

Study type: in_vitro

International journal of toxicology · 2009 · PubMed

In Wistar rat lymphocytes exposed to 915-MHz microwave radiation (SAR 0.6 W/kg), pre-treatment with bee venom (1 µg/mL) decreased DNA damage compared with irradiated samples. Fpg-modified comet assay parameters were statistically different from controls and suggested oxidative stress as a possible mechanism of DNA damage induction; bee venom at the tested low concentration was reported as not genotoxic and not producing oxidative damage.

DOI: 10.1177/1091581809335051 · PMID: 19482833

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19482833/

Study type: other

Tissue engineering. Part C, Methods · 2009 · PubMed

Using optimized nonthermal microwave parameters, near-complete inactivation of contaminant bacteria (E. coli and S. aureus) on bovine pericardial biomaterial was achieved. Mechanical, tensile, thermal, structural, and cytotoxicity assessments indicated microwave sterilization did not compromise tissue functionality, structure, or biocompatibility.

DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2008.0350 · PMID: 19563253

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19563253/

Study type: engineering

Chemosphere · 2009 · PubMed

Without microwave activation, the azo bond of methyl orange was partly broken on Pt with some decoloration, but TOC was not removed effectively. With in situ microwave activation of the Pt electrode, methyl orange was mineralized completely and efficiently, with intermediates (e.g., 2,5-dinitrophenol, p-nitrophenol, hydroquinone, benzoquinone, maleic and oxalic acids) breaking down quickly, reducing poisoning effects from aromatic products.

DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.07.044 · PMID: 19683784

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19683784/

Study type: engineering

Chemosphere · 2010 · PubMed

Microwave treatment of chloramphenicol-contaminated soil, using granular activated carbon as a microwave absorbent, increased soil temperature and supported more complete CAP decomposition with higher MW power and higher GAC dosage. Initial CAP concentration had little effect on decomposition; small soil/GAC scale was disadvantageous. LC-MS confirmed 4-nitrobenzoic acid as a decomposition product, and GC-MS/FTIR suggested some CAP fragments reacted with soil organic matter to form higher-molecular-weight compounds at extremely low concentrations.

DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.09.054 · PMID: 19846202

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19846202/

Study type: engineering

Journal of hazardous materials · 2009 · PubMed

Microwave radiation was investigated as a process to remove ammonia nitrogen from wastewater; pH and radiation time significantly influenced removal, with the largest removal at pH 11 in 3 min. Compared with conventional heating, microwave radiation produced higher ammonia removal; the authors attribute removal to formation of NH3 and subsequent evaporation, with thermal effects more significant than non-thermal. In coke-plant wastewater (initial ammonia 5000 mg/L at pH 11), ammonia was reduced to 350 mg/L at 750 W after 10 min of microwave radiation.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.04.053 · PMID: 18502036

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18502036/

Study type: in_vitro

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference · 2008 · PubMed

Low level microwave exposures in the 500–900 MHz range were associated with increased LDH bioactivity at two specific frequencies (500 MHz and 900 MHz).

DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2008.4649340 · PMID: 19162843

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19162843/

Study type: animal

Planta · 2009 · PubMed

Microwave pretreatment increased magnetic field intensity and seed temperature versus controls, and increased alpha-amylase activity and photon emission intensity (maximal at 10 s). Under PEG-induced osmotic stress, seedlings from microwave-pretreated seeds showed lower malondialdehyde and higher antioxidant-related enzyme activities and antioxidant concentrations compared with osmotic stress alone, suggesting improved resistance to osmotic stress.

DOI: 10.1007/s00425-008-0828-8 · PMID: 18841385

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18841385/

Study type: engineering

Environmental technology · 2007 · PubMed

A bioreactor with biofilm exposed to microwave radiation showed an increased rate of organic compounds removal (COD) by nearly half, with maximum process efficiency increased by 7.7%. At a microwave radiation input of 2.5 W s(-1) (reported as optimal), biomass load decreased by over half and pollutant remaining in treated effluent decreased nearly by half; the role of oxidation increased by more than 25% versus control.

DOI: 10.1080/09593332808618759 · PMID: 17283948

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17283948/

Study type: in_vitro

Neuroscience letters · 2008 · PubMed

Microwave irradiation at 2.45 GHz (200 W) increased the frequency of neurite outgrowth in PC12m3 cells by approximately 10-fold versus non-irradiated controls. The p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 markedly inhibited microwave-induced neurite outgrowth and CREB activation, and microwave treatment was reported to have no toxic effect compared with toxic effects from 45°C heat shock.

DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.12.002 · PMID: 18166272

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18166272/

Study type: engineering

Journal of environmental science and health. Part A, Toxic/hazardous substances & environmental engineering · 2006 · PubMed

Microwave irradiation produced different heating patterns in water versus sand, with sand showing larger and more spatially variable temperature changes. Under the experimental conditions, ~50% of benzene in sand volatilized after 23 minutes and ~85% was removed after 60 minutes; in a real soil test, >70% of BTEX was removed after 120 minutes of heating.

DOI: 10.1080/10934520600754110 · PMID: 16835112

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16835112/

Study type: other

Journal of environmental health · 2006 · PubMed

In a consumer-type microwave oven at 100% power, wastewater-contaminated kitchen sponges/scrubbing pads showed >99% reduction in heterotrophic plate counts within 1–2 minutes, and total coliforms and E. coli were totally inactivated after 30 seconds; phage MS2 was totally inactivated within 1–2 minutes. Bacillus cereus spores were more resistant, requiring 4 minutes for complete eradication; microorganisms on plastic syringes were more resistant, with total inactivation requiring up to 10 minutes for heterotrophic plate counts and 4 minutes for total coliform/E. coli, and container material (ceramic vs glass) affected spore inactivation.

PMID: 17190338

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17190338/

Study type: animal

Photochemistry and photobiology · 2006 · PubMed

Seeds pretreated with microwave radiation for 8 seconds (2450 MHz; wavelength 125 mm; power density 1.26 mW mm(-2)) showed enhanced resistance to subsequent UV-B exposure in 10-day-old seedlings, with lower MDA and higher AsA and UV-B-absorbing compounds, increased CAT/POD/SOD activities, and increased photosynthesis energy accumulation.

DOI: 10.1562/2005-06-29-ra-595 · PMID: 16613505

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16613505/

Study type: other

Journal of environmental management · 2006 · PubMed

After 30 minutes of microwave radiation, more than 93% of Pb(II)-contaminated soil was vitrified to a glass/ceramic formation. Over a 6-year period, Pb(II) concentration in leaching tests of vitrified soil was reported as <1.0 mg/L, below the USEPA limit of 5.0 mg/L.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2004.11.020 · PMID: 16303237

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16303237/

Study type: in_vitro

Organic & biomolecular chemistry · 2004 · PubMed

At 100°C in an organic medium, immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B showed higher stability under microwave heating than under conventional thermal heating under otherwise identical operating conditions, both when microwaves were applied before reaction (storage) and during catalysis (use). The stability gain appeared greater in more polar solvents, and the authors suggest a non-thermal effect on enzymatic inactivation.

DOI: 10.1039/b401145g · PMID: 15034633

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15034633/

Study type: animal

Plastic and reconstructive surgery · 2003 · PubMed

In rats, combined infrared + microwave electromagnetic radiation increased incision tensile strength (2.62 N/mm2) versus infrared alone (2.36 N/mm2) and untreated controls (1.73 N/mm2; p<0.001). In the McFarlane flap model, combined radiation increased flap survival (78.0%) versus infrared alone (69.7%) and untreated controls (63.1%; p<0.01).

DOI: 10.1097/01.prs.0000033065.10876.2e · PMID: 12496587

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12496587/

Study type: engineering

Journal of chromatographic science · 2003 · PubMed

The study presents a method to increase diffusivity of a liquid mobile phase with essentially no effect on other physical properties (e.g., temperature or solvating power). It reports that applying microwave radiation can sharpen peaks in an HPLC separation.

DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/41.4.187 · PMID: 12803805

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12803805/

Study type: animal

Cytobios · 2001 · PubMed

In rats, low-intensity microwave radiation was reported to have a stimulating effect on bone tissue regeneration. During long application of hydrocortisone, microwave radiation was described as a potentially protective factor for bone tissue.

PMID: 11409634

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11409634/