Study type: cross_sectional

Iraqi Journal of Market Research and Consumer Protection · 2025 · Manual

Serum 8-OHdG was higher in participants living near communication towers (3.9) compared with the control group living far from towers (0.46).

DOI: 10.28936/jmracpc17.1.2025.(13

Study URL: https://doi.org/10.28936/jmracpc17.1.2025.(13)

Study type: in_vitro

Scientific reports · 2025 · PubMed

In Neuro-2a cells and astrocytes, baseline biophoton emissions were low (~12 photons/s) and similar between cell types. Stress altered emissions depending on the toxin (sodium troclosene increased emissions; rotenone had a more limited impact). Red/near-infrared light did not influence emissions in healthy cells but did influence emissions under stress, particularly with sodium troclosene; emission patterns did not relate uniformly to ATP and ROS changes under the experimental timelines.

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-22344-0 · PMID: 41188307

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41188307/

Study type: animal

Neurotoxicology · 2025 · Manual

In vivo pre- and post-natal exposure at 0.08 and 0.4 W/kg SAR was associated with decreased BDNF levels, fewer BrdU+ proliferative cells, and a decreased excitatory/inhibitory synapse balance in rat pups. In vitro exposure at 0.08 W/kg SAR was associated with increased Ki-67+ proliferative cells, increased apoptosis, increased double-strand DNA breaks, and shifts in NSC-derived cell-type ratios (lower B1 cells; higher oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and astrocytes).

DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2025.103312

Study URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0161813X2500110X?via%3Dihub

Study type: systematic_review

Environment International · 2025 · Manual

Systematic reviews found moderate-certainty evidence of no or small effects on major human cancers except lower certainty for thyroid and oral/pharyngeal cancers. Animal studies showed moderate- to high-certainty evidence of effects on several cancer types and male fertility. Evidence for cognition and symptoms in humans was moderate to very low certainty, and oxidative stress findings were very low certainty with methodological challenges. The possibility of unknown biophysical mechanisms was noted.

DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2025.109751

Study URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412025005021

Study type: systematic_review

Environment International · 2025 · Manual

The review of 52 animal studies found high certainty evidence that RF-EMF exposure causes malignant heart schwannomas and brain gliomas in male rats. Moderate certainty evidence was found for lymphoma, adrenal pheochromocytomas, liver hepatoblastomas, and lung tumors. These findings represent a substantial upgrade from previous classifications of limited evidence.

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40339346/

Study type: systematic_review

Environ Int · 2025 · Manual

High certainty that RF-EMF exposure in males causes a significant reduction in pregnancy rate when exposed males are mated. Additional findings with low-to-moderate certainty include reduced sperm count, reduced sperm vitality, and increased sperm DNA damage.

DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2025.109449 · PMID: 40268655

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40268655/

Study type: animal

Ann N Y Acad Sci · 2025 · Manual

Compared with sham controls, prenatal 3.5 GHz RFR exposure was associated with reduced seminiferous tubule diameter and epithelial height and lower Johnsen scores in the full-gestation exposure group, and increased abnormal sperm morphology. Both exposure groups showed higher γ-H2AX immunostaining, increased TUNEL-positive cells, and higher apoptosis index; Beclin-1 expression was higher in the full-gestation exposure group.

DOI: 10.1111/nyas.70116

Study URL: https://nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nyas.70116

Study type: review

Reprod Toxicol · 2025 · Manual

This review summarizes mechanistic pathways by which chronic low-intensity RF-EMR exposure may impair male reproductive health, emphasizing oxidative stress/redox imbalance, mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, apoptosis, autophagy dysregulation, and hormonal disruption via HPG axis interference. It states that experimental and clinical studies consistently link RF-EMR exposure to reduced sperm count and motility, altered testicular architecture, blood-testis barrier compromise, and suppressed testosterone synthesis, including at SARs below current safety thresholds, and notes emerging evidence for epigenetic/transgenerational effects and knowledge gaps for 5G/mmWave.

DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2025.109087

Study URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0890623825002588

Study type: animal

Sci Total Environ · 2025 · Manual

Adult zebrafish exposed to Wi‑Fi RF‑EMR (4 h/day for 30 days) showed significant gonadal histopathology, including testicular abnormalities (seminiferous tubule disintegration, reduced spermatids, abnormal lumina) and ovarian follicular degeneration/stromal disruption. Progeny of exposed adults (raised EMF-free) had increased mortality and gross malformations, with malformation rates increasing with longer parental exposure, and larvae showed anxiety-like behavior at 10 dpf.

DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180982 · PMID: 41264945

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41264945/

Study type: systematic_review

Environmental Research · 2025 · Manual

Fifty-four eligible animal studies were identified. Overall, the review found very little evidence that ELF magnetic fields alone are carcinogenic, while evidence for co-carcinogenicity (ELF MFs combined with other agents) was inconclusive. A clear indication of publication bias was observed.

DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.121819

Study URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935125010709

Study type: randomized_trial

Neuroimage · 2025 · Manual

A significant interaction between RF-EMF exposure and CACNA1C rs7304986 genotype was observed: only 3.6 GHz exposure in T/C carriers induced a faster spindle center frequency in central, parietal, and occipital cortex compared with sham. T/C carriers reported longer sleep latency than T/T carriers.

DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121340

Study URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S105381192500343X

Study type: cohort

Cureus · 2025 · PubMed

In 10 enrolled patients, abnormal brain EMF activity was recorded and reported to correlate with neurological deficits on exam, CT findings, or both, supporting the usefulness of the helmet-based EMF approach for localizing brain injuries. The authors conclude the method was feasible and efficacious for real-time EMF recording/localization, including in image-negative concussions.

DOI: 10.7759/cureus.80518 · PMID: 40225463

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40225463/

Study type: cross_sectional

Open research Europe · 2025 · PubMed

Precautionary information had limited effects: it increased only one risk perception measure and only in the Germany sample. No moderating effect of personal relevance on the communication effects was found, but higher personal relevance was associated with higher risk perception. Exploratory analyses indicated higher risk perception among females than males and higher risk perception in Greece than Germany.

DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.19236.2 · PMID: 40242639

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40242639/

Study type: animal

Marine environmental research · 2025 · PubMed

Thornback ray embryos chronically exposed to AC EMFs (1.8–4.6 μT) throughout embryogenesis (~20 weeks) were overall more active than non-exposed embryos, with 33% more tail undulations and 150% increased body movements. No indications of reduced health or survival after hatching, and no changes in development time or biometry, were reported. No increase in freezing response due to EMF change was observed.

DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107151 · PMID: 40286481

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40286481/

Study type: cohort

Cureus · 2025 · PubMed

In 10 brain injury patients, analysis of helmet-recorded brain EMF data (FFT) identified targeted frequencies of interest: 5.2, 7.3, 7.6, 7.7, 7.9, 8.3, 8.6, 8.7, 9.5, and 10.4 Hz. The authors conclude these frequency selections may support localization of injury sites and inform frequency choices for potential stimulation approaches.

DOI: 10.7759/cureus.81436 · PMID: 40303536

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40303536/

Study type: animal

Neurological research · 2025 · PubMed

In a rat sciatic nerve injury model, EMF-treated groups (low- and high-intensity) showed improved TS and FAS mobility-related scores compared with injured controls over 4 weeks. Histology indicated inflammation in controls, while EMF-treated groups showed diminished cellular activity/inflammation in nerve and muscle.

DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2025.2504715 · PMID: 40351253

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40351253/

Study type: other

Cureus · 2025 · PubMed

In 10 adult patients with brain injury, EMF data improvement after stimulation was reported in 2 patients at 1.0 V, 3 patients at 3.0 V, 1 patient at 8.0 V, and 2 patients at 10.0 V; 2 patients with headache showed only some improvement after 10.0 V and may have required higher voltage. The authors report that modulation at an individualized frequency of interest and an optimal voltage was correlated with improvements in clinical symptoms/signs and normalization of abnormal EMF patterns.

DOI: 10.7759/cureus.82011 · PMID: 40351961

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40351961/

Study type: animal

Cureus · 2025 · PubMed

In an adult pig model, EMF signals penetrated the swine skull and the proprietary induction sensor-stimulators maintained signal integrity and functionality despite increased skull thickness. The system reportedly captured and stimulated neural activity across all tested skull-thickness scenarios.

DOI: 10.7759/cureus.82032 · PMID: 40351971

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40351971/

Study type: engineering

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025 · PubMed

The paper describes using a MWTEM transmission line as a controlled electric-field source to analyze field uniformity (numerically and experimentally) and to evaluate and calibrate an EMF area monitor as a whole in the 300 kHz–20 MHz band. Results of the evaluation and calibration are reported and discussed, but specific quantitative outcomes are not provided in the abstract.

DOI: 10.3390/s25092920 · PMID: 40363357

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40363357/

Study type: in_vitro

European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V · 2025 · PubMed

Using pigskin, naproxen permeability differed significantly by EMF type. Rotating magnetic field (RMF) at 50 Hz produced the highest cumulative permeation mass (1461.40 ± 256.15 µg/cm) versus control without EMF (267.57 ± 41.74 µg/cm), and also maximized steady-state flux and permeability coefficient; RMF lowered naproxen skin accumulation. Static magnetic fields with negative polarization reduced permeation, and EMF exposure did not significantly change crystal structure but affected solubility and partition coefficient.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2025.114715 · PMID: 40414684

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40414684/

Study type: other

Cureus · 2025 · PubMed

In 10 adult brain-injury patients receiving tailored cranial EMF stimulation, clinical resolution of neurological symptoms or remaining asymptomatic was reported in 5 patients after 3 minutes, 2 patients after 5 minutes, and 1 patient after 10 minutes of continuous stimulation; 2 patients declined to continue after 3 or 5 minutes. The authors describe real-time measurement and adjustment of stimulation parameters and report sustained EMF change alongside clinical improvement.

DOI: 10.7759/cureus.84653 · PMID: 40416912

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40416912/

Study type: animal

Pulmonary circulation · 2025 · PubMed

In a rat lung ischemia-reperfusion model, IR increased histopathologic damage, TNF-alpha and caspase-3 immunoexpression, oxidative stress markers (total oxidant status, oxidative stress index), and Hif-1α/eNOS/BAX, while decreasing BCL2. In the IR + RF-EMF group, improvement was detected across these parameters, and the authors conclude RF-EMF had antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects via Hif-1α/eNOS and BCL2/BAX signaling.

DOI: 10.1002/pul2.70051 · PMID: 40469637

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40469637/

Study type: engineering

Environmental science & technology · 2025 · PubMed

In reverse osmosis systems using synthetic brackish water and natural RO concentrate, EMF treatment altered gypsum crystal morphology to form a more porous, less compact scaling layer that was more readily removed by hydraulic flushing, improving scaling reversibility and water recovery. For silica, EMF promoted homogeneous polymerization in bulk solution, producing larger particles that inhibited formation of a dense gel layer on the membrane surface and mitigated flux decline; effectiveness was reported under both hydraulic flushing and non-flushing conditions for supersaturated feedwaters.

DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c14658 · PMID: 40478242

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40478242/

Study type: other

Ecotoxicology and environmental safety · 2025 · PubMed

P. globosa exposed for 24 h to ELF-EMF at 0.2 mT or 1 mT showed increased cell density, enhanced photosynthesis, and increased chlorophyll a content, while protein and carbohydrate accumulation decreased. Metabolomics identified 916 differentially expressed metabolites; cAMP and linoleic acid were significantly down-regulated and γ-aminobutyric acid was significantly up-regulated, with pathway analysis indicating inhibition of cAMP signaling and linoleic acid metabolism.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118507 · PMID: 40527026

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40527026/

Study type: animal

Bioelectromagnetics · 2025 · PubMed

Wheat seeds exposed to a 10 Hz EMF (7.5 mT) for 5 h over 3 days showed accelerated germination (by 36 h vs controls) and increased biomass after 48 h of imbibition (overall biomass 8.68-fold; AGB +49.47%; BGB +39.18%). EMF treatment increased total protein content (fourfold) and amylase activity (4.5-fold) after 24 h of imbibition, and β-amylase activity in leaf tissue increased fivefold.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.70011 · PMID: 40548434

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40548434/

Study type: in_vitro

Biomedicines · 2025 · PubMed

ELF-EMS (13.5 mT at 10 and 60 Hz) increased HMEC-1 proliferation, tube formation, migration and transmigration; transmigration was reported as mediated via nitric oxide (NO). Calcium inhibition decreased ELF-EMF-induced NO production, and ELF-EMS increased blood vessel formation in the CAM assay.

DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines13061490 · PMID: 40564209

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40564209/

Study type: animal

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2025 · PubMed

Exposure to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields at 1 mT for 60 min decreased both inward and transient outward currents in CA1 pyramidal neuron membranes in hippocampal slices. Blockers of RyR-dependent Ca release (dantrolene) and SERCA-mediated Ca store reuptake (cyclopiazonic acid) abrogated these effects, implicating altered cellular calcium homeostasis in the observed modulation.

DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15386 · PMID: 40568874

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40568874/

Study type: in_vitro

Scientific reports · 2025 · PubMed

In cybrid cell models, ELF-EMF had no effect on mtDNA copy number in either wild-type (2SA) or NARP (NARP3-2) cybrids, and did not change the wild-type-to-mutant mtDNA ratio in NARP3-2 cybrids. ELF-EMF increased mtDNA transcription and the wild-type-to-mutant mtDNA transcription ratio in NARP3-2 cybrids, increased mitochondrial OXPHOS protein expression and Complex V activity, altered fission/fusion-related markers (DRP1 phosphorylation, MFN1/MFN2 expression), and increased ATP production (including via OCR estimates) in NARP3-2 cybrids.

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-10536-7 · PMID: 40629055

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40629055/

Study type: animal

Frontiers in public health · 2025 · PubMed

Pregnant rats exposed to 900 MHz EMF (2 h/day during pregnancy) had offspring with a significantly lower number of neurons in the arcuate nucleus compared with sham. Behavioral testing showed increased peripheral-zone time in the open field and fewer open-arm entries in the elevated plus maze in the EMF group versus control, and stronger anti-NPY immunoreactivity was observed in the EMF group. The abstract concludes that melatonin and omega-3 therapeutic effects were not apparent.

DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1583097 · PMID: 40636869

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40636869/

Study type: in_vitro

IEEE journal of translational engineering in health and medicine · 2025 · PubMed

PHB cultures exposed to 64 MHz RF with SAR 0.6 W/kg for 1 hour daily for 14 days showed significantly reduced secreted Aβ-42 and Aβ-40 (p=0.001) without evidence of toxicity. The paper reports an engineering design (ANSYS HFSS) of a portable flexible birdcage/MLA antenna intended to deliver homogeneous RF power deposition with SAR 0.4–0.9 W/kg to memory-related brain areas in numerical head models, with predicted temperature rise <0.5°C over 1 hour.

DOI: 10.1109/jtehm.2025.3559693 · PMID: 40657533

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40657533/

Study type: animal

Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2025 · PubMed

Across groups, no significant differences were observed for GM/WM volume ratios, GM/total volume ratios, WM/total volume ratios, or total spinal cord volume (p>0.05). Motor neuron numbers were significantly reduced in the EMF-ω3 group versus control (p<0.01). Light and ultrastructural examinations showed marked motor neuron degeneration and axonal disruption in the EMF group, which were mitigated in melatonin- and ω3-treated groups.

DOI: 10.17305/bb.2025.12633 · PMID: 40694058

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40694058/

Study type: other

Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025 · PubMed

In 35 women treated weekly for 12 sessions with a vacuum + electromagnetic field device, a statistical difference was recorded in cellulite improvement by VAS and GAIS at 1 month after treatment. The authors conclude the treatment was efficacious and safe.

DOI: 10.3390/life15071148 · PMID: 40724650

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40724650/

Study type: animal

Bioelectromagnetics · 2025 · PubMed

Planaria exposed to aversive light showed a significant decrease in preferred arm selections (p < 0.001), consistent with learning to avoid the aversive arm. Planaria exposed to low-intensity theta burst patterned electromagnetic fields (1 μT; five pulsed bursts at 100 Hz with alternating amplitudes), either before or after the light exposure phase, did not show this behavioral adaptation and their arm selections remained stable, indicating no fear learning occurred.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.70017 · PMID: 40741867

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40741867/

Study type: randomized_trial

Environmental research · 2025 · PubMed

In 60 healthy adults aged 60–80 years, overall cognitive performance during four attentional tasks was not affected by short-term RF-EMF exposure (GSM 900 MHz or TETRA 385 MHz) compared with sham. Two of 16 performance outcomes showed statistically significant effects in women only (worse n-back accuracy under GSM in the easier version and under TETRA at the highest level), and one significant sex-by-exposure interaction under TETRA indicated better performance in men and worse performance in women versus sham.

DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.122479 · PMID: 40744201

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40744201/

Study type: in_vitro

Journal of surgery and research · 2025 · PubMed

In an in vitro TNF-α-induced pro-inflammatory model, stimulation with two low-frequency EMF conditions reduced transcriptional levels of inflammatory target genes in both neuronal and microglial cell lines at 24 and/or 48 hours.

DOI: 10.26502/jsr.10020453 · PMID: 40778000

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40778000/

Study type: animal

Scientific reports · 2025 · PubMed

In spinal cord-derived NSCs from adult mice, ELF-EMFs enhanced cell proliferation and self-renewal, associated with upregulation of Sox2. ELF-EMFs were reported to activate T-type calcium channels and increase calcium currents, with increased intracellular calcium linked to higher NeuroG1/NeuroD1 expression, promoting neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth.

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-14738-x · PMID: 40789910

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40789910/

Study type: animal

International journal of molecular sciences · 2025 · PubMed

Chlorophyll fluorescence rise kinetics analyses suggested that RF-EMF exposure weakened drought-induced hormetic responses in lettuce plants, reducing both the magnitude and extent of the response. The authors interpret this as evidence that RF-EMFs can interfere with plant stress responses.

DOI: 10.3390/ijms26157038 · PMID: 40806176

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40806176/

Study type: engineering

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025 · PubMed

Numerical simulations (24 virtual exposure scenarios, 100–3600 MHz) and physical tests with three probes suggested that discrepancies between unperturbed RF EMF and on-body personal exposure meter readings due to body proximity can be reduced using distributed multi-location measurements. Averaging at least three simultaneous on-body measurements at relevant locations was reported to reduce uncertainty by approximately threefold.

DOI: 10.3390/s25154607 · PMID: 40807772

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40807772/

Study type: in_vitro

AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025 · PubMed

Ketoprofen molecular structure was unchanged after exposure, but magnetic field exposure produced subtle changes in crystal structure, thermal behaviour, solubility, and lipophilicity. Pulsed magnetic fields (especially PMF 10/10) and rotating magnetic fields (RMF 50 Hz) significantly increased transdermal permeation and dermal accumulation, while static fields with negative polarity reduced transport and retention in skin.

DOI: 10.1208/s12249-025-03216-2 · PMID: 40830739

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40830739/

Study type: in_vitro

Archives of clinical and biomedical research · 2025 · PubMed

In TNF-α (50 ng/mL)-treated HMC3 cells, exposure to 2.5 or 5 Hz EMF for 3 minutes increased cell survival and significantly reduced migration. EMF exposure promoted expression of both M1 and M2 phenotypic markers in a time-dependent manner.

DOI: 10.26502/acbr.50170467 · PMID: 40855885

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40855885/

Study type: cohort

Environmental research · 2025 · PubMed

Across 974 observations, higher noise exposure (per 10-dB increase in LAeq) was associated with significant increases in log-transformed PSA in unadjusted and adjusted models, and remained significant after further adjusting for ELF-EMFs. ELF-EMF exposure (per unit increase) was not significantly associated with PSA in any model, and there was no significant interaction/effect modification between ELF-EMFs and noise.

DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.122790 · PMID: 40921241

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40921241/

Study type: engineering

Scientific reports · 2025 · PubMed

A Python-based simulation framework (Biot–Savart with modified finite element ground-air boundary conditions) modeled magnetic flux density for three conductor configurations (horizontal, vertical, triangular) under balanced three-phase loading (132 kV, 100 A per phase) at 10 m height. The horizontal configuration produced the highest peak field (120 µT directly beneath; 104.2 µT at 1.5 m), exceeding the ICNIRP (2020) public limit of 100 µT, while the triangular layout had a lower peak (57.6 µT) and more uniform distribution across 0–2 m. Ground-air interactions increased local intensity at 1.5 m by 28.3% and boundary effects reduced spatial prediction error by 15–25%; measurements at 5/10/15 m showed maximum relative deviation 0.74% supporting model validity.

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-11464-2 · PMID: 41028797

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41028797/

Study type: animal

PloS one · 2025 · PubMed

Embryos exposed to a 50 Hz EMF dominated by the magnetic component (B = 11.15 ± 2.24 μT) showed significant increases in heart rate. In Experiment 1, incubation under EMF was associated with a 23.5% higher baseline heart rate versus controls; in Experiment 2, EMF exposure during observation produced a rapid 29.0% heart rate increase, and embryos previously exposed during incubation showed a diminished response to subsequent exposure, consistent with adaptation.

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0334035 · PMID: 41060938

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41060938/

Study type: in_vitro

Scientific reports · 2025 · PubMed

Increasing ELF P-EMF intensity from 22.6 to 35 mT and increasing exposure duration significantly increased cancer cell mortality. ELF P-EMF exposure induced apoptosis and was associated with increased PTEN and BAX expression, reduced MIR-21 expression, and some reduction in BCL-2 expression versus control.

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-20910-0 · PMID: 41145584

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41145584/

Study type: animal

Developmental neurobiology · 2025 · PubMed

Prenatal 900 MHz EMF exposure (2 h/day) during gestation was associated with reduced antioxidant capacity and increased lipid peroxidation, ROS, pro-inflammatory cytokines, apoptotic markers, and TRPM2 activation in offspring trigeminal ganglion at postnatal day 28, with the most pronounced changes after mid-gestation exposure. Ferrostatin-1 administered after each daily exposure largely normalized measured parameters and reduced structural damage.

DOI: 10.1002/dneu.23013 · PMID: 41146578

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41146578/

Study type: in_vitro

Bioelectromagnetics · 2025 · PubMed

In EMF-treated MSCs, β-COP showed increased asymmetric redistribution with localization anterior to the nucleus, and γ-tubulin accumulated in cortical regions at wound margins. EMF exposure significantly improved directional persistence of MSC migration toward wounds compared with controls.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.70028 · PMID: 41147637

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41147637/

Study type: randomized_trial

Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis · 2025 · PubMed

In an online survey experiment of 815 adults in Shanghai, government and industry sources (vs civil society) increased public support for 5G base stations, and gain-framed messages generated more acceptance than loss-framed messages. Participants reported higher competence-based trust in government and industry than in civil society, while care-based trust did not significantly differ; both trust dimensions were described as critical for public acceptance.

DOI: 10.1111/risa.70144 · PMID: 41203559

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41203559/

Study type: exposure_assessment

Bioelectromagnetics · 2025 · PubMed

Across a French city, drive-test, spot, and sensor-network measurements showed good agreement in assessed RF-EMF exposure levels. Smoothed drive-test data correlated with nearby spot measurements and with base station antenna density. 5G spot measurements with and without traffic-attracting downloads indicated that beamforming impacts exposure levels in 5G NR bands; sensor-network temporal variations showed an inverse proportional relationship between E-field level and proximity to the nearest base station antenna.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.70033 · PMID: 41230687

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41230687/

Study type: other

BioMed research international · 2025 · PubMed

The EMF-assisted freezing method produced equivalent results to standard slow-freezing for number of viable cells, cell viability, and cell activity. The EMF method required significantly less time for freezing (0.25 vs. 3 h), enabling earlier transfer to liquid nitrogen.

DOI: 10.1155/bmri/9884345 · PMID: 41281736

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41281736/

Study type: animal

Electromagnetic biology and medicine · 2025 · PubMed

In PTZ-induced epileptic rats, the EMF+PTZ group differed significantly from the PTZ group in learning and short-term memory (p<0.001). Analgesia latency increased in the ELF-EMF and ELF-EMF+PTZ groups compared with both control and epilepsy groups (p<0.001). TOS increased in prefrontal cortex in the PTZ group vs sham (p<0.001) and in hippocampus in PTZ and EMF+PTZ vs sham (p<0.001); ELF-EMF decreased the increased hippocampal TOS in PTZ rats.

DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2025.2593267 · PMID: 41310382

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41310382/