Study type: review

Curr Opin Chem Eng · 2021 · Manual

The article discusses next-generation water treatment approaches that use nanomaterials to harness energy across the electromagnetic spectrum, enabling electrified and solar-based technologies. It emphasizes embedding nanomaterials onto/into reactor surfaces and applying external energy sources to replace chemically intensive legacy water treatment technologies.

DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2021.100709 · PMID: 34804780

Study URL: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8597955/

Study type: systematic_review

2021 · Manual

Systematic review/meta-analyses of 88 sham-controlled experimental studies in non-human mammals exposed in utero (100 kHz–300 GHz) found no effect on litter size (MD 0.05; 95% CI -0.21 to 0.30; whole-body average SAR 4.92 W/kg). Increased resorbed/dead fetuses (OR 1.84; 95% CI 1.27 to 2.66; SAR 20.26 W/kg), decreased fetal weight (SMD 0.31; 95% CI 0.15 to 0.48; SAR 9.83 W/kg) and length (SMD 0.45; 95% CI 0.07 to 0.83; SAR 4.55 W/kg), and increased malformations (including OR 3.22; 95% CI 1.9 to 5.46 for litters with malformed fetuses; SAR 16.63 W/kg) were reported. Delayed effects showed no association for brain weight (SMD 0.10; 95% CI -0.09 to 0.29) and learning/memory (SMD -0.54; 95% CI -1.24 to 0.17), but detrimental associations for motor activity (SMD 0.79; 95% CI 0.21 to 1.38) and motor/sensory functions (SMD -0.66; 95% CI -1.18 to -0.14); neurobehavioral meta-analyses were based…

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37729852/

Study type: other

4Open · 2021 · Manual

In pooled patients treated with the TheraBionic P1 device, median OS was 10.36 months (Child-Pugh A, n=32), 4.44 months (Child-Pugh B, n=25), and 1.99 months (Child-Pugh C, n=2). Median OS for Child-Pugh A patients was 2.62 months longer than comparable historical controls (p=0.036); Child-Pugh B first-line therapy OS was slightly higher than historical controls receiving sorafenib. Reported adverse events were limited to grade 1 mucositis and fatigue, and no patients discontinued due to adverse events.

DOI: 10.1051/fopen/2021003 · PMID: 41550248

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41550248/

Study type: review

Int J Oncol · 2021 · Manual

This review states that exposure to human-made EMFs (especially ELF and RF/microwave bands, with RF described as including ELF components) may lead to DNA damage and related pathologies. It describes an ion forced-oscillation mechanism whereby polarized/coherent EMFs may cause irregular gating of voltage-gated ion channels, disrupting ionic homeostasis and leading to reactive oxygen species overproduction and DNA damage; it also suggests non-thermal RF effects are due to ELF components.

DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5272

Study URL: https://www.spandidos-publications.com/ijo/59/5/92

Study type: animal

Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2021 · PubMed

Saos-2 cells and rat calvarial defects exposed to EMF (1 mT, 45 Hz, 8 h/day) with Fe O nanomagnetic particles showed no cell toxicity by MTT/LDH assays. Osteogenesis-related markers and osteogenic proteins were more highly expressed in the NMP+EMF group versus control, with increased calcium concentration and activation of calcium channel-related genes/proteins and p-ERK signaling; in vivo, EMF+NMP treatment was associated with new bone formation and increased mineral density after 6 weeks.

DOI: 10.1002/jor.24905 · PMID: 33150984

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33150984/

Study type: animal

Neural regeneration research · 2021 · PubMed

In a rat cerebral ischemia (middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion) model, ELF-EMF treatment (50 Hz, 1 mT; 2 h/day for 28 days) was associated with improved Morris water maze performance versus untreated rats. Treated rats also showed increased BrdU/NeuN-positive cells in the hippocampal subgranular zone and greater up-regulation of Notch1, Hes1, and Hes5 protein expression.

DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.301020 · PMID: 33318402

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33318402/

Study type: other

Electromagnetic biology and medicine · 2021 · PubMed

The article presents a hypothesis that various bacteria can benefit from EMF, possibly via increased supply of ionic forms of compounds into cells. It further hypothesizes that microbial colonization of host nerve circuits could weaken nerve signals and that bacterial sensitivity to EMF might allow modulation of their activity with electromagnetic treatment.

DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2021.1874974 · PMID: 33455474

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33455474/

Study type: in_vitro

Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2021 · PubMed

Exposure of human oral keratinocyte cultures to low-frequency electromagnetic field (LF-EMF), alone or combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or minocycline, caused changes in the percentages of cells undergoing programmed (apoptosis) or incidental (necrosis) cell death.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111340 · PMID: 33556878

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33556878/

Study type: policy

International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021 · PubMed

EU Directive 2013/35/EU mandates health surveillance for EMF-exposed workers to prevent known direct biophysical and indirect effects, while long-term effects are not addressed due to inadequate evidence for causality. The abstract states that no specific laboratory tests or medical investigations have been demonstrated as useful for exposure monitoring and/or prevention, and recommends focusing health surveillance on early detection/monitoring of recognized adverse effects and early identification of workers at particular risk for preventive measures.

DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041730 · PMID: 33579004

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33579004/

Study type: animal

Stem cell research & therapy · 2021 · PubMed

In vitro, BMSCs stimulated by sinusoidal EMF showed increased osteogenic capability under osteogenic medium, and conditioned medium from EMF-treated BMSCs promoted osteogenic differentiation of untreated BMSCs. Mechanistically, EMF was reported to regulate BMSCs via BMP/Smad and MAPK-associated p38 pathways. In a rat tail vertebra fusion model, scaffolds loaded with EMF-stimulated BMSCs accelerated intervertebral fusion based on imaging and histology.

DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02207-x · PMID: 33597006

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33597006/

Study type: in_vitro

Electromagnetic biology and medicine · 2021 · PubMed

Pulsed ELF-EMF parameters (frequency, flux density, duration, and exposure methodology) were evaluated for effects on in vitro proliferation/viability of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and M10 normal breast epithelial cells. An optimized switching exposure pattern (7.83 ± 0.3 Hz, 1 mT, 6 h switching exposure) reduced MDA-MB-231 cell viability to 40.1% and was reported as not damaging to M10 cells; in MDA-MB-231 cells it promoted Ca influx and resulted in apoptosis.

DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2021.1891093 · PMID: 33632057

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33632057/

Study type: randomized_trial

Photobiomodulation, photomedicine, and laser surgery · 2021 · PubMed

Both pulsed high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) and pulsed electromagnetic field (EMF) groups showed significant pre-post improvements after 8 weeks on pain, disability, and lumbar flexion ROM measures, with greater improvements reported in the HILT group than the EMF group and a significant between-group difference favoring HILT.

DOI: 10.1089/photob.2020.4975 · PMID: 33685237

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33685237/

Study type: animal

Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2021 · PubMed

After 8 weeks, EMF exposure in db/db mice was associated with improved insulin resistance and reduced hepatic oxidative stress (lower MDA and GSSG, higher reduced GSH, increased GSH-Px). EMF exposure was also associated with reduced liver weight and triglyceride levels and improved hepatic steatosis, with downregulated SREBP-1c protein expression.

DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s294020 · PMID: 33727836

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33727836/

Study type: in_vitro

In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal · 2021 · PubMed

Cells were treated for 21 days with osteogenic differentiation medium (OD) alone, OD+betaine (10 mM), OD+ELF-EMF (50 Hz, 1 mT, sinus wave, 8 h/day), or OD+betaine+ELF-EMF. Calcium deposition was significantly increased in the BET+EMF group versus other groups, while RUNX2 and OCN expression in EMF-treated groups were significantly reduced versus non-EMF-treated groups; BET+EMF increased RUNX2 compared with EMF alone.

DOI: 10.1007/s11626-021-00558-6 · PMID: 33770338

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33770338/

Study type: animal

Electromagnetic biology and medicine · 2021 · PubMed

Compared with controls, the EMF group showed significantly increased MDA and decreased SOD; Vitamin E co-treatment restored these changes. TEM findings in EMF-exposed rats included heterochromatic nuclei, nuclear membrane destruction in some portions, and segmental separation/destruction of myelin sheath lamellae; these alterations were described as milder in the EMF+Vitamin E group.

DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2021.1907404 · PMID: 33794719

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33794719/

Study type: animal

International journal of molecular sciences · 2021 · PubMed

Pig myometrium slices incubated with ELF-EMF (50 or 120 Hz for 2 or 4 h) showed changes in estrogen-related mRNA transcript abundance and aromatase protein abundance, with direction depending on frequency, duration, and progesterone co-treatment. Estrone (E1) release was lower after 4 h EMF at 50 Hz and progesterone did not protect E1 release. The authors conclude EMF alters synthesis and release of E1 and did not affect E2 release during the peri-implantation period.

DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062920 · PMID: 33805726

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33805726/

Study type: in_vitro

Scientific reports · 2021 · PubMed

Exposure to 1760 MHz RF-EMF (SAR 4.0 W/kg; 2 h/day for 4 days) increased intracellular ROS in HaCaT keratinocytes. MMP1/3/7 levels and gelatinolytic activities of secreted MMP2/9 were increased, and FoxO3a and ERK1/2 phosphorylation levels were increased, while cell growth/viability and Bcl2/Bax expression were not significantly changed.

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87263-2 · PMID: 33828192

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33828192/

Study type: animal

Stem cell research & therapy · 2021 · PubMed

BMSC-seeded scaffolds treated with sinusoidal EMFs accelerated repair of critical-sized calvarial defects in rats. EMF did not directly induce BMSC differentiation but increased sensitivity to BMP signals by upregulating specific BMP receptors, promoting osteogenic differentiation via BMP/Smad signalling; EMF-treated BMSCs also secreted cytokines that better facilitated angiogenesis and osteoimmunomodulation.

DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02302-z · PMID: 33849651

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33849651/

Study type: animal

Free radical biology & medicine · 2021 · PubMed

In vitro, ELF-EMF exposure (100 Hz, 1 mT; 2 h/day for 5 days) increased RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL phosphorylation and caspase-9/caspase-3 cleavage, consistent with necroptosis and apoptosis. In vivo, BALB/c mice with MC-4L2 tumors exposed to 1 Hz, 100 mT ELF-EMF (2 h/day for 28 days) showed suppressed tumor growth and reduced expression of Ki-67, CD31, VEGFR2 and MMP-9, alongside increased IFN-γ and TNF-α and increased tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (notably CD8 T cells). Modulation with verapamil, N-acetyl cysteine, or calcium chloride supported roles for intracellular calcium and ROS in ELF-EMF–associated necroptosis in vitro.

DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.04.002 · PMID: 33857627

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33857627/

Study type: review

International journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group · 2021 · PubMed

This review critically analyzes literature on non-thermal effects of RF and microwave EMF, focusing on preclinical and clinical data for non-thermal antiproliferative effects from conventional RF hyperthermia (cRF-HT) and amplitude-modulated RF hyperthermia (AM-RF-HT). The authors state that available preclinical and clinical data provide sufficient evidence for non-thermal antiproliferative effects with cRF-HT, particularly AM-RF-HT, and propose biophysical models involving transmembrane ion channels, ion fluxes (especially Ca), and membrane vibrations/resonances.

DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2021.1914354 · PMID: 33910472

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33910472/

Study type: other

Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021 · PubMed

Exposure to electromagnetic fields between 1 and 5.9 GHz reduced yeast viability across all tested frequencies. Transmission electron microscopy indicated loss of continuity of the yeast cell membrane, and distance between the antenna and sample influenced the effect.

DOI: 10.3390/jof7040281 · PMID: 33918089

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33918089/

Study type: cross_sectional

Journal of psychosomatic research · 2021 · PubMed

In a cross-sectional online community survey (n=700), paranoid ideation was positively associated with modern health worries (standardized β=0.150, p<.001) after controlling for sociodemographics and somatosensory amplification. Paranoid ideation was also associated with IEI-EMF status (OR=1.090, 95% CI: 1.006–1.180, p=.035) after similar adjustments.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110501 · PMID: 33930739

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33930739/

Study type: in_vitro

International journal of radiation biology · 2021 · PubMed

Some statistically significant decreases were observed for specific proteins under particular conditions (e.g., CAT, total JNK, STAT3, phosphorylated-CREB with continuous-wave exposure in serum; total STAT5 with GSM-modulated exposure in serum-free cultures), but these changes were sporadic across time points and conditions and were interpreted as likely false positives. Overall, the study concluded there was no consistent evidence of RF-EMF-induced changes in the assessed antioxidant or signal transduction proteins after 1800 MHz continuous-wave or GSM-modulated exposure for 5–240 minutes at 2.0 W/kg.

DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1934751 · PMID: 34047676

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34047676/

Study type: animal

International journal of molecular sciences · 2021 · PubMed

Whole-body RF-EMF exposure (SAR 4.0 W/kg, 5 h/day, P1–P28) was associated with decreased dendritic spine density in the dentate gyrus and decreased mushroom-type spines in both CA1 and DG, along with reduced glutamate receptor expression in mushroom-type spines. BDNF expression in CA1 and DG and PSD95 puncta (DIV 5, 7, 9) were significantly decreased, neurite outgrowth length and branching were reduced without changes in soma size, and RF-EMF-exposed mice showed a significantly decreased memory index.

DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105340 · PMID: 34069478

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34069478/

Study type: in_vitro

International journal of radiation biology · 2021 · PubMed

AGS cell viability decreased after exposure to 0.2 or 2 mT ELF-EMF compared with control. miR-144 and miR-375 were up-regulated under magnetic field exposure; miR levels were reported to be significantly decreased at 18 and 36 h after exposure ended, but not back to the normal range.

DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1941376 · PMID: 34125651

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34125651/

Study type: in_vitro

Scientific reports · 2021 · PubMed

Recombining pre-B cells exposed for 48 h to low-intensity RF EMFs (720–1224 MHz; maximal power density flux S 9.5 µW/cm; electric field 3 V/m) showed decreased recombination levels. The reduction depended on power dose and notably on frequency; ~50% reduction was reported at 950–1000 MHz with S as low as 0.45 µW/cm, and up to a four-fold reduction at 1000 MHz with S 0.2–4.5 µW/cm, while γH2AX levels were described as normal.

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91790-3 · PMID: 34135382

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34135382/

Study type: other

Journal of environmental health science & engineering · 2021 · PubMed

In an experimental study with three information conditions (basic text, precautionary information, or a summary of personal RF-EMF measurements), risk perception and exposure perception regarding Wi-Fi RF-EMF did not differ by information type. Participants receiving their personal measurement summary reported greater confidence in protecting themselves, and measured Wi-Fi signal levels were far below international exposure limits; self-rated exposure perception was not associated with objectively measured exposure.

DOI: 10.1007/s40201-021-00636-7 · PMID: 34150266

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34150266/

Study type: in_vitro

Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A · 2021 · PubMed

Exposure to 1760 MHz LTE RF-EMF at 4 W/kg SAR for 4 hr/day for 4 days significantly decreased SH-SY5Y cell growth rate and proliferation and delayed the cell cycle in G0/G1. The authors report no marked change in γH2AX and no activation of apoptosis, while observing increased Akt/mTOR phosphorylation and increased p53 (total and phosphorylated) with downstream increases in p21/p27 and reduced pRb phosphorylation, consistent with Akt/mTOR-mediated cellular senescence.

DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.1944944 · PMID: 34196262

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34196262/

Study type: engineering

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021 · PubMed

Numerical modelling of exposure near fixed multi-antenna UHF RFID readers (866 MHz) indicated that SAR values at 5 cm distance warrant consideration relative to international exposure limits. The study reports that effective radiated power above 5.5 W may exceed general public/unrestricted environment limits, and above 27.5 W may exceed occupational/restricted environment limits.

DOI: 10.3390/s21124251 · PMID: 34205808

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34205808/

Study type: exposure_assessment

The Science of the total environment · 2021 · PubMed

A 3D GIS-based model using high-precision terrain elevation data and a Biot-Savart series expansion with variable conductor height (catenary) was validated against field measurements in two urban areas. The model showed good agreement with measurements (free urban area: MAPE 9.65%, R2 0.922, RMSE 0.154 μT; built-up complex relief: MAPE 19.51%, R2 0.949, RMSE 0.094 μT) and correctly classified 86% of points by usual exposure percentiles; a 5 m resolution digital terrain model was described as indispensable for good performance.

DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148818 · PMID: 34280632

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34280632/

Study type: exposure_assessment

Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021 · PubMed

In 24 randomly selected kindergartens, the maximum mean EMF emission level was reported as 13.5 mG around kindergartens and 17.7 mG from the UGTL point to kindergartens. EMF emission level around kindergartens was significantly associated with UGTL location (β = -7.35, p < 0.001).

DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.694407 · PMID: 34291019

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34291019/

Study type: randomized_trial

Heart rhythm O2 · 2021 · PubMed

Eighteen patients were randomized to sham (n=10) or LL-EMF (n=8) delivered via a Helmholtz coil around the head. After protocol completion, pacing-induced AF duration was shorter in the LL-EMF group by 11.0 ± 3.43 minutes versus control (CI 3.72–18.28; p=.03). Fewer LL-EMF patients had spontaneous firing initiating AF (0/7 vs 5/6; p=.0047), and fewer required direct current cardioversion after 1 hour (0.13 vs 0.78; p=.02).

DOI: 10.1016/j.hroo.2021.04.004 · PMID: 34337574

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34337574/

Study type: engineering

Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021 · PubMed

PLLA composites reinforced with magnetic nanoparticles showed increased crystallinity, hardness, and elastic modulus after RF EMF treatment, with heating of the nanoparticles monitored by infrared camera.

DOI: 10.3390/ma14154300 · PMID: 34361495

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34361495/

Study type: in_vitro

Theriogenology · 2021 · PubMed

Exposure of SSCs to 50 Hz EMF (2.5 mT; 1 h for 5 days) increased ROS accumulation, reduced catalase expression, and decreased SSC viability and colonization. EMF exposure increased apoptosis (AO/PI and flow cytometry), with qRT-PCR showing up-regulation of Caspase-3 and down-regulation of GFRα1; supplementation with Sertoli-derived exosomes ameliorated these changes via regulation of oxidative stress.

DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.08.001 · PMID: 34371438

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34371438/

Study type: animal

Electromagnetic biology and medicine · 2021 · PubMed

In tumor-bearing rats, doxorubicin (DOX) and DOX+EMF produced greater inhibition of tumor growth, while EMF alone also showed an antitumor effect (p<.05). Tumor-bearing animals had decreased hepatic antioxidant defenses versus controls, with suspected liver damage histology; however, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were about three times lower in the EMF and DOX+EMF groups than in no-treatment and DOX groups, and serum ALT activity was lower in EMF and DOX+EMF than in DOX alone (p<.05).

DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2021.1958342 · PMID: 34392747

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34392747/

Study type: animal

Bioelectromagnetics · 2021 · PubMed

Hippocampal slices exposed to 15 Hz/2 mT ELF-EMF showed decreased LTP compared with controls across sinusoidal, single-frequency pulse, and rhythm pulse modes. The inhibition of LTP increased with longer exposure duration, and continuous sinusoidal stimulation produced the largest inhibitory effect, while pulsed and rhythm-pulsed modes were similar.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.22369 · PMID: 34449888

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34449888/

Study type: systematic_review

Environment international · 2021 · PubMed

This article describes protocols for a systematic review of experimental studies assessing effects of controlled RF-EMF exposures (100 kHz–300 GHz) on male fertility and pregnancy/birth outcomes. No results are reported in the abstract.

DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106806 · PMID: 34454359

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34454359/

Study type: animal

Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM · 2021 · PubMed

Larvae hatched from eggs exposed to 900 MHz RF-EMF for 60 minutes had larger dimensions across all measured body traits compared with the unexposed control group and the other exposure-duration groups (30 and 90 minutes).

DOI: 10.26444/aaem/139289 · PMID: 34558264

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34558264/

Study type: cross_sectional

Technology in society · 2021 · PubMed

In an online questionnaire survey of 122 participants in India, about 90% reported increased mobile phone technology use during lockdown and 95% perceived an increased risk of developing certain health problems due to excessive use. The authors conclude that dependency on technology during lockdown had more health effects compared with normal times, with higher reported impact among ages 15–30 and among those involved in online teaching-learning.

DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101762 · PMID: 34566205

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34566205/

Study type: other

Journal of cutaneous and aesthetic surgery · 2021 · PubMed

In 60 women receiving 6 or 8 weekly V-EMF sessions, biopsies were reported to show tissue reorganization/restoration with new collagen and elastin, basement membrane reorganization, and correct melanocyte positioning. Patients were reported as highly satisfied and no side effects were observed.

DOI: 10.4103/jcas.jcas_122_20 · PMID: 34566367

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34566367/

Study type: in_vitro

Journal of medical physics · 2021 · PubMed

Continuous exposure of adipose-derived stem cells to EMF set to ion cyclotron resonance parameters (76.6 Hz; 20 μT) was associated with a statistically significant increase in cell death, with increased apoptotic, necrotic, and autophagic cell numbers. Increased proliferation after 24 h of EMF exposure was also observed.

DOI: 10.4103/jmp.jmp_10_21 · PMID: 34703098

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34703098/

Study type: animal

Stem cell research & therapy · 2021 · PubMed

In vitro, EMF stimulation promoted proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs, partly via PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Wnt1/LRP6/β-catenin pathways. In vivo, rabbits receiving the composite scaffold plus low-frequency EMF showed enhanced osteochondral defect repair, particularly cartilage repair, compared with scaffold without EMF.

DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02638-6 · PMID: 34774092

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34774092/

Study type: in_vitro

Radiation protection dosimetry · 2021 · PubMed

ELF-EMF exposure at 2 mT continuous significantly reduced AGS cell viability. BCL2 expression was significantly decreased after continuous exposure at 0.2 and 2 mT and after discontinuous exposure at 2 mT. miR-15-b and miR-16 expression were significantly increased in both continuous and discontinuous 2 mT conditions.

DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncab163 · PMID: 34791478

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34791478/

Study type: animal

Brain sciences · 2021 · PubMed

Whole-body extremely low-frequency EMF stimulation significantly attenuated hyperalgesia and allodynia from 6 weeks onwards and was associated with restoration of H-reflex and nociceptive flexion reflex by week 8. EMF stimulation also significantly attenuated increased glutamate at the injury site and was associated with decreased lesion volume and glial population on histology.

DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111431 · PMID: 34827430

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34827430/

Study type: exposure_assessment

Frontiers in public health · 2021 · PubMed

Multi-floor indoor LTE measurement campaigns recorded DL and UL connection parameters across several services (WhatsApp voice calls, WhatsApp video calls, file uploading). An artificial neural network model using easily available DL indicators and indoor-environment information estimated UL TX power with a mean absolute error of 1.487 dB.

DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.777798 · PMID: 34917582

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34917582/

Study type: exposure_assessment

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021 · PubMed

An empirical and modeling RF-EMF exposure assessment was conducted in a public library scenario including dense 5G FR2 (28 GHz) and 802.11ay (60 GHz) services. The authors report exposure levels far below current international regulation limits, and the proposed deterministic 3D ray launching simulation showed good agreement with an empirical measurement campaign.

DOI: 10.3390/s21248419 · PMID: 34960513

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34960513/

Study type: engineering

International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021 · PubMed

The study proposes calculating coupling factors using the 99.99th percentile rather than maximum values to reduce computational artifacts in human body model simulations below 10 MHz. Compared with a conventional method, the proposed approach reduced computational errors by up to 65.3% and produced more uniform coupling factors across various human body models and WPT system scenarios.

DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010044 · PMID: 35010303

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35010303/

Study type: in_vitro

Journal of medical physics · 2021 · PubMed

AT-MSCs exposed to a 50 Hz, 1.5 mT sinusoidal EMF showed the greatest FTIR spectral differences versus control at 24 and 48 hours, particularly in nucleic acids and proteins in the fingerprint region. After 72 hours of exposure, no significant FTIR spectral differences versus control were observed.

DOI: 10.4103/jmp.jmp_57_21 · PMID: 35261495

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35261495/

Study type: in_vitro

RSC advances · 2021 · PubMed

Exposure of GUV membrane model systems to 18 GHz EMFs was associated with increased membrane permeability, evidenced after three exposure cycles by internalisation of 23.5 nm hydrophilic silica nanospheres and clusters. In all-atom MD simulations of POPC membranes, only extremely high-strength fields increased interfacial water dynamics within the simulation timeframe, while lower-strength high-frequency fields altered the water hydrogen-bond network, which may contribute to permeabilization over longer times.

DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05459g · PMID: 35496859

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35496859/

Study type: animal

Basic and clinical neuroscience · 2021 · PubMed

Rats exposed to 50 Hz ELF-EMF at 100, 500, and 2000 μT showed significantly greater step-through latency in the retention test versus controls (P<0.05). Open-arm entries in the elevated plus maze decreased in exposed groups, especially 2000 μT (P<0.05). No Aβ depositions were detected in the hippocampus in any group, while microglia numbers increased in the 100, 500, and 2000 μT groups compared with control and 1 μT.

DOI: 10.32598/bcn.2021.1204.2 · PMID: 35693151

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35693151/