Study type: animal

Mol Med Rep · 2020 · Manual

In rats, BBB permeability increased immediately after ultra-wide-band electromagnetic pulse exposure, peaked at 3-6 h, and returned to baseline by 24 h. BBB opening was observed at 200 and 400 kV/m but not at 50 kV/m, and ZO-1 expression decreased at 3 and 6 h without an observed change in ZO-1 distribution.

DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11382 · PMID: 32945403

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32945403/

Study type: case_control

Addict Behav · 2020 · Manual

Compared with controls, individuals meeting psychometric criteria for smartphone addiction (SPA) showed lower GMV in the left anterior insula, inferior temporal and parahippocampal cortex, and lower intrinsic activity (ALFF) in the right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). SPAI scores were negatively associated with ACC volume and activity, and with left orbitofrontal GMV.

DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106334

Study URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106334

Study type: in_vitro

Medical engineering & physics · 2020 · PubMed

A single pulsed electromagnetic field (0.2 Hz) up-regulated tenogenic gene expression (Col1a1, Col3a1, Scx, Dcn) and down-regulated Mmp1 in vitro. After 5 days of stimulation (3 min/day), collagen type I and total collagen synthesis protein levels were significantly increased. Under IL-1β irritation, SPEMF up-regulated decreased Col1a1/Col3a1 expression and reversed increased Mmp1 expression.

DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2019.12.001 · PMID: 31954614

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31954614/

Study type: in_vitro

International journal of molecular sciences · 2020 · PubMed

hDPCs exposed to 70 Hz ELF-EMFs at intensities from 5 to 100 G for four days showed significantly increased expression of anagen-related molecules (collagen IV, laminin, ALP, versican). An intensity of 10 G was reported as most potent for promoting hDPC proliferation and increasing β-catenin, Wnt3α, and GSK-3β/ERK/Akt phosphorylation.

DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030784 · PMID: 31991762

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31991762/

Study type: animal

Fish & shellfish immunology · 2020 · PubMed

Compared with unexposed controls, the 50 Hz ELF-EMF exposed groups showed significantly increased immune-related enzyme activities in coelomic fluid (multiple enzymes/antioxidant measures; P<0.05). Total coelomocyte and spherulocyte density increased significantly in the 100 μT group versus control and 500 μT, while amoebocyte and chromatocyte densities did not differ among groups. Transcriptome analysis identified 341 differentially expressed genes between unexposed and exposed groups, with immune-related KEGG pathways represented.

DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.062 · PMID: 32014586

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32014586/

Study type: in_vitro

International journal of biological macromolecules · 2020 · PubMed

CMC-grafted PCL scaffolds showed osteoinductive effects, with mineralization (nodal calcium) observed after 14 days with or without external stimulation. Osteodifferentiation of ADSCs was reported as promoted by external stimulation factors including β-carotene or an electromagnetic field (31.4 μT, applied 1 h/day).

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.036 · PMID: 32035957

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32035957/

Study type: other

Water research · 2020 · PubMed

EMF treatment significantly altered bacterial community composition and reduced diversity in biofilms, and network analysis suggested disrupted mutualistic co-occurrence patterns. EMF treatment inhibited biofilm formation (decreased total biomass and EPS) and decreased mineral precipitate deposition, including reduced carbonate and silicate content in biofilm.

DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115562 · PMID: 32044595

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32044595/

Study type: in_vitro

The European journal of neuroscience · 2020 · PubMed

Using an in vitro MEA-based system, uninterrupted sine LF-EMFs applied post-induction or as priming were associated with a significant decrease in fEPSP slope (reduced LTP maintenance), with further decline when LF-EMFs were applied twice separated by 20 minutes. PPR analysis suggested the LF-EMF–related LTP changes were expressed postsynaptically, and pharmacological results indicated AMPA receptor activity was involved in LTP loss after post-LF-EMFs. Effects depended on waveform and timing; sine effects persisted within 120 minutes, while QPS-patterned effects might disappear after 90 minutes.

DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14705 · PMID: 32065697

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32065697/

Study type: engineering

NMR in biomedicine · 2020 · PubMed

A compact wideband self-grounded bow-tie RF antenna building block was designed and evaluated for 7.0 T MRI and broadband thermal intervention. In thigh voxel models, B1 efficiency was reported as ≥11.8 μT/√kW at 50 mm depth, and phantom simulations/experiments showed a temperature increase ΔT >7 K at 10 mm depth during RF heating (P = 100 W, t = 120 s) across intervention frequencies (reported broadband 234–561 MHz; simulations at 300/400/500 MHz).

DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4274 · PMID: 32078208

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32078208/

Study type: animal

Environmental science and pollution research international · 2020 · PubMed

In rats, exposure to a 50 Hz electromagnetic field (reported as 5.4 kV per meter) for 2 h or 4 h was associated with decreased serum male hormones (FSH, testosterone, LH) and catalase activity, and increased MDA compared with controls. Rosemary ethanolic extract showed antimicrobial activity and, when co-administered, was associated with improvements in these biochemical measures and inhibition of EMF-related testicular tissue damage on histology.

DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08111-w · PMID: 32086737

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32086737/

Study type: in_vitro

Electromagnetic biology and medicine · 2020 · PubMed

In ADSCs, 5% platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was associated with higher GAG production, enhanced transcription, and lower TNFα and VEGF secretions compared to other treatments. The combination of EMF + PRP was reported to downregulate hypertrophic-related markers while upregulating chondrogenic-related markers, and the authors conclude that an ELF-EMF exposure (50 Hz, <30 mT) with 5% PRP may facilitate chondrogenesis with minor inflammation and hypertrophic maturation.

DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2020.1737809 · PMID: 32131644

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32131644/

Study type: animal

Scientific reports · 2020 · PubMed

Behavioral responses were observed in two bottom-dwelling marine species exposed to EMF emissions from a subsea HVDC transmission cable. Little skates showed a striking increase in exploratory/foraging behavior in response to EMF, while American lobsters showed a more subtle exploratory response. Direct measurements indicated both DC and unexpectedly AC components in the emitted fields, and DC-only modeling agreed well with measured results.

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60793-x · PMID: 32144341

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32144341/

Study type: in_vitro

Acta odontologica Scandinavica · 2020 · PubMed

Exposure to 50 Hz ELF-EMF at 0.5 or 1 mT for 20 or 40 min/day over 7 days was associated with significantly higher survival and proliferation in all exposure groups compared with control. The highest viable cell number/proliferation was reported for 1 mT at 20 min/day (p<.05).

DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2020.1734655 · PMID: 32191156

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32191156/

Study type: animal

Ticks and tick-borne diseases · 2020 · PubMed

In a radiation-shielded tube setup, Ixodes ricinus ticks were attracted to the area exposed to 900 MHz EMF. The attraction effect was significantly stronger in ticks infected with Rickettsia spp.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101416 · PMID: 32209348

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32209348/

Study type: animal

Toxicology and industrial health · 2020 · PubMed

Rats exposed to 50 Hz, 1.5 mT ELF-EMF for 4 h/day up to 7 months showed no significant effects on diaphragm muscle histological structure or mechanical activity, and no significant effects on most muscle bioelectrical activity parameters. Some bioelectrical activity parameters changed, but changes were described as relatively small and unlikely to be clinically relevant.

DOI: 10.1177/0748233720912061 · PMID: 32279651

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32279651/

Study type: in_vitro

Protein and peptide letters · 2020 · PubMed

Spectroscopic measurements indicated that electromagnetic fields (EMF) changed the interaction between human hemoglobin and an ACE inhibitory peptide. The α-helix content of hemoglobin decreased upon binding to ACEIP and solution conductivity increased upon binding; Stern–Volmer analysis suggested higher Hb–ACEIP affinity in the presence of EMF.

DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200425203636 · PMID: 32334494

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32334494/

Study type: other

Brain sciences · 2020 · PubMed

In the ELF-EMF rehabilitation group (40 Hz, 5 mT), mRNA expression of several apoptosis-related genes (reported as BAX, CASP8, TNFα, TP53) was significantly increased compared with the non-ELF-EMF group, while BCL-2 mRNA expression remained comparable between groups.

DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10050266 · PMID: 32366004

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32366004/

Study type: animal

Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2020 · PubMed

Compared with controls, the EMF-exposed group showed increased HspA2 immunoreactivity, increased germinal epithelium apoptosis, and increased abnormal sperm, with decreased sperm count, LH, and testosterone (P<0.05). These parameters were significantly improved in the EMF+crocin group compared with EMF alone (P<0.05).

DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.38896.9229 · PMID: 32395207

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32395207/

Study type: exposure_assessment

Radiation protection dosimetry · 2020 · PubMed

In measurements near 22 wind turbines in two wind farm areas in Greece, magnetic field intensity at the base was reported as relatively low (mean = 0.146 μT) and decreased rapidly with distance, reaching background values at 6 m from the base. Reported EMF levels were described as similar or lower than those in urban areas and well below national and international safety limits.

DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncaa053 · PMID: 32409836

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32409836/

Study type: policy

Heliyon · 2020 · PubMed

The paper argues that current EMF regulations do not strictly limit exposure when multiple nearby devices transmit simultaneously. It proposes expressing device power constraints as limits on EMF spectral density based on the difference between the maximum allowed by standards and the amount currently present (as measured by the device) in the active spectral region, to ensure aggregate EMF spectral density remains below regulated limits at all frequencies.

DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03979 · PMID: 32462089

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32462089/

Study type: engineering

International journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group · 2020 · PubMed

EMF simulations at 297 MHz evaluated 10 RF applicator designs using two SAR-based planning algorithms for small and large brain target volumes. For both target volumes, power optimization outperformed uniformity optimization; the best small-TV result was with a 16-element interleaved elliptical antenna arrangement with water bolus, and the best large-TV result was with a two-row elliptical RF applicator.

DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2020.1761462 · PMID: 32484019

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32484019/

Study type: exposure_assessment

Environmental science and pollution research international · 2020 · PubMed

RF-EMF measurements (100 kHz–3 GHz total; 27 MHz–3 GHz band-selective) in 21 hospitals found highest average short-term exposure of 2.52 V/m and highest average long-term exposure of 3.11 V/m (highest mean long-term RF-EMF 2.29 V/m). The ICTA 3 V/m limit was exceeded in the hospital measurements, while the highest RF-EMF remained below the ICNIRP limit. Band-selective results indicated external base stations contributed 92.6% of total RF-EMF, with key bands LTE 800, GSM 900, GSM 1800, LTE 1800, and UMTS 2100 (UMTS 2100 contributing 40.42%).

DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09669-1 · PMID: 32557061

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32557061/

Study type: other

International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020 · PubMed

Using extracted data from 300 publications (1127 experimental case studies), Random Forest showed the best prediction performance across groups, with reported AUC = 0.903 (k-fold = 60). The authors report a robust correlation of SAR with frequency and of cumulative exposure time with SAR×time, while the relationship between frequency and exposure time was not significant.

DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124595 · PMID: 32604814

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32604814/

Study type: exposure_assessment

Radiation protection dosimetry · 2020 · PubMed

Measurements in 62 school units (27 MHz–3 GHz) found that in 97.5% of schools, exposure levels were at least 2200 times below the Greek exposure limits. The authors conclude measured levels were below 60% of the highest ICNIRP limit regarding school exposures.

DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncaa090 · PMID: 32667037

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32667037/

Study type: animal

Physiological research · 2020 · PubMed

In 21 rabbits exposed for 150 minutes to RF EMF at 160 V/m (either a device-generated 1788 MHz source or real base-station downlink signals in the 1805–1870 MHz range), HRV parameters increased (reported for HF-HRV and rMSSD) and heart rate was lower, interpreted as increased cardiac vagal control under RF EMF exposure.

DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934425 · PMID: 32672045

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32672045/

Study type: animal

Electromagnetic biology and medicine · 2020 · PubMed

Nude mice receiving ESC+DP cell mixtures and exposed to low-frequency EMF showed higher density of erupted hair follicles after 14 days (epidermal implantation) compared with controls. After 7 days (corium implantation), H&E staining indicated more epidermal layers and higher density of hair follicle-like structures in EMF-exposed mice versus controls.

DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2020.1793165 · PMID: 32727226

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32727226/

Study type: animal

Environmental research · 2020 · PubMed

In laboratory tests, 50 Hz EMF altered the disappearance rates of azoxystrobin and λ-cyhalothrin in honey bees within 6 hours. With single pesticides, disappearance slowed in the presence of EMF (azoxystrobin 12.6% to 10.5% per hour; λ-cyhalothrin 9.2% to 4.8% per hour), while with a mixture disappearance accelerated (azoxystrobin 14.1% to 14.7% per hour; λ-cyhalothrin 9.3% to 11.5% per hour). EMF statistically significantly interfered with specific FTIR spectral features (amide I/II and symmetric PO group vibrations) and was associated with differences in protein secondary structure compared to controls (p<0.05).

DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109989 · PMID: 32758720

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32758720/

Study type: in_vitro

Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA · 2020 · PubMed

In N9 microglial and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, ELF-modulated 935 MHz RF-EMF exposure at 4 W/kg for 2 or 24 h did not alter apoptosis, number of living cells, or AIF. After 24 h (but not 2 h), ATG5 protein levels increased, while LC3B-I/II and pERK were not altered. A transient increase in glutathione (GSH), but not hydrogen peroxide or cytochrome c oxidase, was observed only in SH-SY5Y cells.

DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104963 · PMID: 32777439

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32777439/

Study type: in_vitro

Electromagnetic biology and medicine · 2020 · PubMed

Exposure to a 20 Hz electromagnetic field (268 μT or 902 μT) significantly increased the Kv1.3 (K1.3) current in a subpopulation of CHO-K1 cells. The increase appeared within seconds of exposure onset, reached a steady state, and returned to baseline over several minutes after field removal.

DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2020.1799386 · PMID: 32783480

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32783480/

Study type: other

Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications · 2020 · PubMed

Incorporation of cobalt-zinc ferrite nanoparticles (CZF-NPs) into poly(ε-caprolactone) nanofibrous scaffolds altered physicochemical properties (e.g., decreased fiber diameter up to 3 wt.% CZF-NPs; increased hydrophilicity and biodegradation with higher CZF-NP content) and increased stress at break point at 3 wt.% CZF-NPs. Biocompatibility, cell adhesion, and cell staining outcomes in L929 cells were reported as improved for CZF-NP-embedded nanofibers in the presence of an external electromagnetic field.

DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111222 · PMID: 32806234

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32806234/

Study type: other

Bioelectromagnetics · 2020 · PubMed

Using response surface methodology, frequency and intensity were reported to significantly impact germination. Optimal conditions were 10 Hz, 30,007 nT, and 30 min, with observed germination 93.0% (predicted 92.92%). Magneto-priming increased multiple germination and seedling growth metrics versus control/positive controls, reduced levels of α-amylase/protease/dehydrogenase, and increased catalase and superoxide dismutase.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.22292 · PMID: 32865253

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32865253/

Study type: animal

Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2020 · PubMed

In rats, some liver function tests (AST, ALT, ALP) showed some association with irradiation, while gamma-glutamyltransferase was not associated. After 8 Gy x-ray irradiation, MDA and protein carbonyl increased, and pre-exposure to RF-EMF could modulate these changes; lobular inflammation frequency was associated with intervention type.

DOI: 10.22088/cjim.11.3.315 · PMID: 32874440

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32874440/

Study type: animal

International journal of radiation biology · 2020 · PubMed

Under continuous 50 Hz, 3 mT ELF-EMF exposure across generations, 15th-generation worms had significantly increased body length, ATP content, ATP synthase activity, and upregulated expression of genes encoding ATPase/ATP synthase. SOD activity and expression of SOD-encoding genes were also significantly increased.

DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1828657 · PMID: 32991227

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32991227/

Study type: in_vitro

International journal of molecular sciences · 2020 · PubMed

In LPS-treated THP-1 cells, exposure to 50 Hz, 1 mT ELF-EMF increased HO-1 mRNA and protein expression (peak at 6 h) and was associated with nuclear enrichment of a truncated HO-1 form and Nrf2 activation. ELF-EMF exposure inhibited SIRT1 and NF-κB pathway protein expression, and Akt/ERK inhibitors reduced ELF-EMF-associated Nrf2 nuclear translocation and HO-1 protein expression.

DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197284 · PMID: 33023074

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33023074/

Study type: animal

Stem cell research & therapy · 2020 · PubMed

EMF treatment enhanced proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rat BMSCs cultured on PLA/HA scaffolds, with suggested involvement of MAPK-associated ERK and JNK pathways. In rats with 6-mm critical-sized calvarial defects, groups involving scaffold, BMSCs, and EMF showed significantly higher new bone formation and vascularization than scaffold alone, and the greatest biomechanical properties after 12 weeks.

DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01954-7 · PMID: 33023631

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33023631/

Study type: in_vitro

Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju · 2020 · PubMed

V79 cells exposed to 915 MHz GSM-modulated RF in a GTEM cell showed significantly altered microtubule structure after 3-hour exposure at all tested electric field strengths (10, 20, 30 V/m). Cell growth was significantly reduced on the third post-exposure day after 3-hour exposure at all field strengths, and also after 2-hour exposure at 20 and 30 V/m.

DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3267 · PMID: 33074167

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33074167/

Study type: animal

Research and reports in urology · 2020 · PubMed

In rats, creatinine levels in the Wi‑Fi group were significantly higher than controls and the BUN/Cr ratio was significantly lower than controls; BUN levels among control, Wi‑Fi, x‑ray, and Wi‑Fi+x‑ray groups were not significantly different. X‑ray exposure (8 Gy) produced non-significant increases in BUN and creatinine with measurements described as borderline or higher than normal, and tubular atrophy and vessel wall thickening were associated with exposures. The authors conclude RF-EMF can alter kidney function and suggest pre-exposure to 900/1800 MHz EMF could modulate acute adverse effects of a lethal x-ray dose (adaptive response).

DOI: 10.2147/rru.s257365 · PMID: 33150143

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33150143/

Study type: exposure_assessment

Environmental research · 2020 · PubMed

A random sample of 492 urban Greek primary/secondary schools estimated a mean RF-EMF level of about 0.42 V/m for sources in the 27 MHz–3 GHz range (95% CI: 0.4024 to 0.4395 V/m). Reported exposure levels at tested locations were below 60% of the highest ICNIRP limit for sensitive land use.

DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109940 · PMID: 33181972

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33181972/

Study type: in_vitro

Biophysical journal · 2020 · PubMed

The authors developed a noncontacting in vitro device using an air-core solenoid coil to deliver intermediate-frequency electric fields with a characterized radial profile and reduced conductive heating. In a 72 h test using continuous 200 kHz exposure with an electric-field amplitude profile spanning 0–6.5 V/cm pk-pk, they observed a <10% reduction in cell density at <4 V/cm and up to a 25% reduction at 4–6.5 V/cm.

DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.11.002 · PMID: 33189686

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33189686/

Study type: animal

Toxicology and industrial health · 2020 · PubMed

Female offspring exposed to 50-Hz, 3-mT EMF from prenatal day 1 through postnatal day 42 had higher FSH, lower estradiol, and higher ovarian iNOS levels/expression versus sham. Histological changes in the EMF group included congestion, bleeding areas, and degeneration of follicle structures, suggesting impaired ovarian structure and function.

DOI: 10.1177/0748233720973136 · PMID: 33190593

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33190593/

Study type: other

Environmental health : a global access science source · 2020 · PubMed

This commentary argues that the hypothesis that EHS is caused by EMF exposure appears scientifically largely unfounded and that psychological-process explanations are more plausible. It further contends that distinguishing between a "cognitive hypothesis" and an "attributive hypothesis" is conceptually and mechanistically misleading, and recommends using the term "comprehensive model" instead of "cognitive hypothesis".

DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00652-4 · PMID: 33239049

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33239049/

Study type: review

Current Alzheimer research · 2020 · PubMed

The review summarizes recent preclinical (in vitro and in vivo) and clinical evidence suggesting that electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure can delay the development of Alzheimer's disease and improve memory. It highlights EMF as a potential innovative approach for AD treatment based on cellular and behavioural findings.

DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666201130085853 · PMID: 33256578

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33256578/

Study type: ecological

International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020 · PubMed

Using Swedish Cancer Register data (1970–2017) and NORDCAN data for Nordic countries (1970–2016), thyroid cancer incidence increased statistically significantly in women and men, with particularly pronounced increases in more recent periods (e.g., 2010–2017 in Swedish women; 2001–2017 in Swedish men; mid-2000s to 2016 in Nordic countries). The Swedish Cancer Register showed similar increases for tumors ≤4 cm and >4 cm, which the authors interpret as arguing against overdiagnosis; they state the results align with reports of increased thyroid cancer risk with mobile phone use and postulate RF radiation as a causative factor.

DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17239129 · PMID: 33297463

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33297463/

Study type: engineering

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020 · PubMed

Using a modeled MIFA antenna (ESP32-WROOM-32 module), calculated SAR in a multilayer head model was up to 10× higher when the antenna was located in a headband compared with placement on a helmet. The authors state that only similar wearable IoT devices emitting below 3 mW EIRP from Wi‑Fi/Bluetooth modules may be considered environmentally insignificant EMF sources.

DOI: 10.3390/s20247131 · PMID: 33322725

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33322725/

Study type: in_vitro

Journal of biomedical physics & engineering · 2020 · PubMed

Short-term exposure to 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi router RF-EMF increased growth of both probiotic bacteria at 30, 45, and 60 minutes, with no difference at 15 minutes versus sham. Lactic acid concentration increased in one bacterium after 15, 30, and 45 minutes, while in the other bacterium increases were reported only after 30 and 60 minutes.

DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.1056 · PMID: 33364212

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33364212/

Study type: policy

Giornale italiano di medicina del lavoro ed ergonomia · 2020 · PubMed

The report describes points from new AIRM guidelines on health surveillance for workers exposed to EMF, emphasizing (1) identifying which workers should undergo surveillance and (2) the contents of surveillance. It states that identifying workers for surveillance should involve exposure assessment and individual health conditions, and that higher-exposure situations should focus on identifying sensitive risk groups for more frequent checks.

PMID: 33600660

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33600660/

Study type: review

Giornale italiano di medicina del lavoro ed ergonomia · 2020 · PubMed

This review synthesizes evidence published up to September 2019 following IARC’s 2013 Group 2B classification of mobile-phone RF exposure. The authors report that published results do not indicate clear risk profiles and cannot definitively confirm or reject health threats from mobile-phone RF exposure; limitations (including methodological and temporal) prevent firm conclusions, particularly for heavy users and for children/adolescents.

PMID: 33600661

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33600661/

Study type: case_report

Giornale italiano di medicina del lavoro ed ergonomia · 2020 · PubMed

The article describes Italian court judgements in which some courts recognized an occupational origin of tumours in workers exposed to RF EMFs from wireless phones (sometimes with additional RF sources and/or ELF magnetic fields), while other judgements did not recognize a causal link. It highlights that post-IARC monographs, courts cited IARC classifications of ELF MFs and RF EMFs as "possibly carcinogenic to humans"; in two "negative" judgements, this classification was used to argue that causation was not demonstrated and thus could not meet the civil standard of "more likely than not," whereas a "positive" judgement cited rarity of both tumour and exposure as indicative of causation.

PMID: 33600662

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33600662/

Study type: animal

Bioelectromagnetics · 2020 · PubMed

Free-moving (non-anesthetized) rats (225 g and 339 g) were not significantly affected in body temperature by 915 MHz RF exposure at 4 W/kg whole-body SAR. In anesthetized rats, body temperature increased from baseline by 1.9 °C (225 g) and 3.3 °C (339 g) at 5–6 h of RF exposure, and 3 of 5 anesthetized 339 g exposed rats died after 6 h.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.22236 · PMID: 31828817

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31828817/

Study type: randomized_trial

JMIR nursing · 2020 · PubMed

After 3 months, the intervention group using a smartphone-based app had statistically significantly better quality of life scores and dimension scores than the control group (P<.001). The reported effect size for quality of life was 1.85 (95% CI 1.41-2.3).

DOI: 10.2196/20747 · PMID: 34406971

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34406971/