Study type: animal

Int J Dev Neurosci · 2014 · Manual

Perinatal ELF-EMF-exposed male BALB/C mice showed impaired sociability and reduced preference for social novelty, along with decreased exploratory activity. Anxiety-like behavior, locomotion, motor coordination, and olfaction were reported as normal in exposed mice.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2014.06.010 · PMID: 24970316

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24970316/

Study type: animal

Int J Radiat Biol · 2014 · Manual

In liver, cardiac, and aorta tissues from male rats exposed to non-thermal UHF EMR (pulsed and continuous), qualitative and quantitative disturbances in the mitochondrial ETC were reported, including iron-nitrosyl complex formation, decreased activity of FeS-protein N2, increased flavo-ubisemiquinone, and increased superoxide production rates. Effects in liver and aorta were reported as more pronounced with pulsed-mode exposure.

DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.899448 · PMID: 24597749

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24597749/

Study type: cross_sectional

Int J Hyg Environ Health · 2014 · Manual

Using questionnaire-based cross-sectional data, overlaps between the four environmental intolerances were greater than predicted by coincidence for both self-reported and diagnosed cases, except for the overlap between diagnosed intolerance to sounds and EMFs.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.08.005 · PMID: 24029726

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24029726/

Study type: animal

Bioelectromagnetics · 2014 · Manual

Across three generations of rats exposed whole-body to 2.14 GHz W-CDMA signals for 20 h/day at designed average SAR levels high (<0.24 W/kg), low (<0.08 W/kg), or sham, no abnormalities were observed in mothers or offspring in measured biological parameters, including neurobehavioral function. The authors concluded no adverse effects on F1–F3 offspring under these experimental conditions.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.21871 · PMID: 25196377

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25196377/

Study type: animal

Int J Radiat Biol · 2014 · Manual

Exposure to 0.1 W/m^2 at either 1 GHz or 10 GHz significantly decreased ciliate motility. Non-exposed progeny of ciliates irradiated with 0.1 W/m^2 at 10 GHz showed significantly compromised motility across at least 10–15 generations.

DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.868612 · PMID: 24266430

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24266430/

Study type: animal

Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2014 · PubMed

After 60 days of 3G mobile phone exposure (2 h/day), exposed rats showed significantly increased DNA strand breaks in brain, and significant increases in micronuclei, caspase 3, and apoptosis (P < 0.05). Western blotting indicated a transient increase in phosphorylation of hsp27, hsp70, and p38MAPK, described as leading to mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated cytochrome c release and caspase activation.

DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9715-4 · PMID: 23949848

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23949848/

Study type: animal

Wei sheng yan jiu = Journal of hygiene research · 2014 · PubMed

Compared with sham, 1800 MHz microwave radiation was associated with reduced testicular sperm head count and reduced serum testosterone, and increased serum estradiol. Circadian rhythms of testicular sperm head count and estradiol disappeared after microwave radiation exposure.

PMID: 24564122

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24564122/

Study type: in_vitro

Microcirculation (New York, N.Y. : 1994) · 2014 · PubMed

Exposure to 2.856 GHz radiation (30 mW/cm^2 for 6 minutes) induced injury in rat MMECs, with increased LDH leakage and apoptosis and decreased cell viability, alongside increased GRP78/CRT and pro-apoptotic signaling (increased CHOP and Bax, decreased Bcl-2). Pretreatment with exogenous CRT (25 pg/mL for 12 hours) attenuated MR-induced apoptosis, LDH leakage, ER stress markers, and ER stress-related apoptotic signaling.

DOI: 10.1111/micc.12126 · PMID: 24589181

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24589181/

Study type: animal

Microcirculation (New York, N.Y. : 1994) · 2014 · PubMed

In rats, microwave radiation decreased microvascular diameters and blood perfusion and increased microvessel permeability. In cultured microvascular endothelial cells, microwave exposure induced stress fiber formation, apoptosis, and LDH leakage, increased protein synthesis, upregulated ER-stress markers (GRP78 and calreticulin), and activated the CHOP pathway.

DOI: 10.1111/micc.12122 · PMID: 24635541

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24635541/

Study type: in_vitro

Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology · 2014 · PubMed

Microwave exposure (2.5–20.0 mW/cm(2) for 20 min) inhibited JF305 pancreatic cancer cell growth in a dose-dependent manner and increased apoptosis (annexin V-FITC: 4.0% at 0, 10.0% at 5.0, 12.0% at 10.0, and 30.0% at 20.0 mW/cm(2)). Microwave treatment increased caspase-9 and caspase-3 activity, decreased Bcl-2, increased Bax and CytoC, increased p65, and decreased IκBα.

DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2013-0220 · PMID: 24708215

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24708215/

Study type: in_vitro

Zhonghua nan ke xue = National journal of andrology · 2014 · PubMed

Compared with controls, exposure to microwave radiation at average power densities of 10 and 30 mW/cm2 for 15 minutes was associated with decreased proliferation (at most timepoints from 1–24 h), increased apoptosis at 6 h, ultrastructural changes (e.g., cytoplasmic vacuoles; chromatin changes; dilation of endoplasmic reticulum), and reduced intracellular cAMP at 6 and 24 h.

PMID: 24738454

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24738454/

Study type: in_vitro

Microcirculation (New York, N.Y. : 1994) · 2014 · PubMed

Microwave radiation (MR) induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity in mouse microvascular endothelial cells (MMECs). Overexpression of cytosolic calreticulin (CRT) reduced MR-associated injury markers (lower apoptosis and LDH activity) and improved migration and structural integrity, while CRT deficiency aggravated MR-induced injury. In AdCRT cells exposed to MR, CRT translocated to the membrane and interacted with integrin-α; integrin-α expression and FAK phosphorylation were positively associated with cytosolic CRT expression.

DOI: 10.1111/micc.12153 · PMID: 24930861

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24930861/

Study type: other

Bioresource technology · 2014 · PubMed

In step-by-step hydrolysis of regenerated cellulose under microwave radiation, crystallinity (Cr) was reported as a key factor affecting reactivity; increasing Cr during hydrolysis (via amorphous-region hydrolysis and recrystallization) weakened reactivity and reduced incremental gains in conversion and sugar yield. Lower degree of polymerization (DP) increased the initial hydrolysis speed and enabled higher sugar yield, while prolonging pretreatment time was reported to have no direct influence on reactivity.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.05.066 · PMID: 24971946

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24971946/

Study type: other

Pharmacognosy magazine · 2014 · PubMed

Post-acoustic waves and microwave radiation techniques applied to fresh garlic cloves were reported to retain allicin in its pure form and generate higher yield than conventional extraction. The methods were also reported to rule out possibilities of degradation of organosulfur compounds.

DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.133279 · PMID: 24991105

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24991105/

Study type: animal

Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine · 2014 · PubMed

Short-term high power microwave irradiation (average power density 200 mW/cm2 for 6 min) reduced sperm density and increased sperm deformity rate, with obvious testicular pathological changes. Compared with model groups, Inonotus obliquus polysaccharides (400 mg/kg daily by gavage) increased sperm density and decreased sperm deformity rate and alleviated histopathological and ultrastructural injuries; therapeutic administration showed milder spermatogenic cell injury and inflammation than preventive administration.

PMID: 25137855

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25137855/

Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research · 2014 · PubMed

DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.1751 · PMID: 27201754

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27201754/

Study type: engineering

Applied optics · 2014 · PubMed

Experiments at a hybrid Ti:sapphire/KrF laser facility developed a technique to create a hollow-core sliding-mode plasma-filament waveguide in atmospheric air for directed transfer of microwave radiation. Efficient multiphoton air ionization was achieved using picosecond UV pulses at 248 nm or an amplitude-modulated 100 ns pulse combining a short-pulse train with a free-running pulse, and multiple filamentation was observed with a theory proposed to explain results.

DOI: 10.1364/ao.53.000i31 · PMID: 25402935

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25402935/

Study type: cross_sectional

Electromagnetic biology and medicine · 2014 · PubMed

In a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study of 250 inhabitants, multiple self-reported symptoms (e.g., nausea, headache, dizziness, irritability, depression, sleep disturbance, memory loss, lowered libido) were reported as statistically significantly more common among those living <300 m from a BTS antenna compared with those living >300 m away.

DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2013.801352 · PMID: 23781985

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23781985/

Study type: animal

International journal of radiation biology · 2014 · PubMed

Both groups improved with training (decreased escape time). Microwave-exposed mice had a statistically significant higher mean latency to reach the target quadrant versus sham-exposed mice, and had decreased whole-brain protein levels compared with sham.

DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2013.835883 · PMID: 23952535

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23952535/

Study type: exposure_assessment

Medycyna pracy · 2014 · PubMed

Based on statistical data and interviews in major Polish radon spas, the authors estimated that more than 8000 people per year are subjected to combined exposure to radon and EMF. Measured radon concentrations differed significantly across radon treatments (about 61 kBq/m3 for inhalations with inhaler vs 290 Bq/m3 for graduation towers; p=0.049). EMF intensities corresponded to those observed in hazardous and dangerous zones for occupational exposure.

PMID: 25812393

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25812393/

Study type: animal

Biotechnology, biotechnological equipment · 2014 · PubMed

Rats exposed to 50 Hz ELF-EMF at 1.5 mT (sinusoidal or pulsed) for 8 hours/day over 8 days showed significant differences in the extent of orthodontic tooth movement compared with cage controls, with differences especially after day 5 (days 5–8). The authors conclude that ELF-EMF exposure accelerated orthodontic tooth movement in rats.

DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2014.901669 · PMID: 26019497

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26019497/

Study type: in_vitro

Drug and chemical toxicology · 2014 · PubMed

Exposure to gadolinium (0.2–1.2 mM) caused concentration- and time-dependent decreases in cell viability and increases in MN frequency, DNA strand breaks, apoptosis, and ROS production in cultured human lymphocytes. Co-exposure to a 60-Hz ELF-EMF at 0.8 mT increased cell death, MN frequency, olive tail moment, and apoptosis compared with gadolinium treatment alone.

DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2013.879662 · PMID: 24479558

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24479558/

Study type: cohort

Bioelectromagnetics · 2014 · PubMed

Among 140,356 singleton live births, close residential proximity to an ELF-EMF source during pregnancy was associated with lower average birth weight (−212 g; 95% CI: −395 to −29 g), with a larger reduction reported for female births (−251 g; 95% CI: −487 to −15 g). No statistically significant increased risks were observed for LBW, SGA, or SPTB for residential proximity of 50 m or less.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.21840 · PMID: 24482293

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24482293/

Study type: animal

International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health · 2014 · PubMed

Embryos exposed during incubation to a 1800 MHz EMF (0.1 W/m^2; 10×/day for 4 min) had decreased plasma T4 and T3 and increased plasma corticosterone at embryonic stages and in newly hatched chicks. No changes in these hormone levels were observed in birds ready for slaughter (day 42).

DOI: 10.2478/s13382-014-0222-7 · PMID: 24488772

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24488772/

Study type: engineering

Bioelectromagnetics · 2014 · PubMed

Using numerical and experimental assessments with phantoms and anatomical human models at 900 and 2140 MHz, the authors report that RF coupling with EEG electrodes produced <20% increase in 10 g-averaged SAR. Realistic worst-case electrode placement produced a maximum skin temperature increase of 0.31C and brain temperature elevations <0.1C, and RF pulse-induced temperature ripples were <0.001C for GSM-like signals and <0.004C for 20-fold higher pulse energy. The evaluated hypotheses (electrode coupling, electrode-related heating, and thermal pulsing) were not supported; the mechanism for reported EEG power spectrum changes remains unknown.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.21837 · PMID: 24523224

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24523224/

Study type: engineering

Bioelectromagnetics · 2014 · PubMed

Numerical simulations assessed compliance distances for multi-band (800–2600 MHz) and MIMO base station antennas using RMS fields, whole-body SAR, and peak 10 g SAR. Peak field-strength based assessments were less computationally intensive but produced larger compliance distances than approaches using spatial field averaging with localized SAR; for adult exposure, localized and whole-body SAR-based assessments yielded shorter compliance distances. Simulations for MIMO products agreed with reference measurements, and conservative field-combining methods produced only minor increases in compliance distances for certain antenna configurations.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.21843 · PMID: 24523232

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24523232/

Study type: exposure_assessment

Environmental health : a global access science source · 2014 · PubMed

Background magnetic fields around turbines when shut off were 0.2–0.3 mG. At the turbine base during high- and low-wind conditions, mean magnetic field was 0.9 mG (n=11) and fell to background within 2 m; buried collector lines were within background (≤0.3 mG). Under overhead 27.5 kV and 500 kV transmission lines, maxima of 16.5 mG and 46 mG were recorded, diminishing with distance; measurements outside nearby homes (just over 500 m from turbines) were ≤0.4 mG.

DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-13-9 · PMID: 24529028

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24529028/

Study type: animal

Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2014 · PubMed

No significant change in total protein concentration was observed in EMF-treated cerebral cortex samples versus sham and control. Reelin and Dab1 expression increased in the EMF-treated cerebral cortex extracts compared with controls and sham.

DOI: 10.1007/s10072-014-1690-z · PMID: 24584565

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24584565/

Study type: in_vitro

Advanced biomedical research · 2014 · PubMed

Exposure to 50 Hz ELF-EMF at 0.5 or 1 mT for 20 or 40 min/day over 7 days generally increased hADSC survival and proliferation effect compared with sham (P < 0.05), except for the 1 mT, 40 min/day group. The maximum reported effect was at 1 mT for 20 min/day.

DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.124668 · PMID: 24592372

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24592372/

Study type: in_vitro

PloS one · 2014 · PubMed

Exposure to 50 Hz ELF-EMF showed no significant changes in eNSC proliferation across multiple assays and no changes in transcript levels of cell cycle-related genes (P53, P21, GADD45). During induced differentiation, 50 Hz ELF-EMF exposure (reported condition: 2 mT for 3 days) was associated with down-regulation of Sox2 and up-regulation of Math1, Math3, Ngn1 and Tuj1 mRNA, while the percentages of Tuj1-positive neurons and GFAP-positive astrocytes were not altered.

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090041 · PMID: 24595264

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24595264/

Study type: animal

Life sciences · 2014 · PubMed

hBM-MSCs exposed to ELF-EMF (50 Hz, 1 mT) for 8 days showed neuronal differentiation-associated changes, with Egr1 identified as a key transcription factor in ELF-EMF-induced neuronal differentiation. Transplantation of ELF-EMF-induced neurons significantly alleviated symptoms in mouse models of neurodegenerative disease.

DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.02.022 · PMID: 24603130

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24603130/

Study type: engineering

Bioelectromagnetics · 2014 · PubMed

Using FDTD simulations on a generic eye model deformed to create 64 eyes with varying ocular axial length (OAL), the study found that changing OAL did not increase EMF absorption (SAR) in the eyes or eye tissues. No additional induced temperature rise was produced by changes in OAL, and non-pathological OAL increases during childhood did not increase SAR.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.21835 · PMID: 24619721

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24619721/

Study type: animal

Advanced biomedical research · 2014 · PubMed

Pregnant mice exposed to a 50 Hz, 3 mT electromagnetic field for 4 h/day during pregnancy had neonatal offspring whose ovaries showed mostly broken and irregularly arranged oocyte nests, less developed primordial follicles, and oocytes with heterochromatic/shrunken nuclei and vacuolated cytoplasm compared with controls.

DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.125874 · PMID: 24627884

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24627884/

Study type: exposure_assessment

Environment international · 2014 · PubMed

In 263 rooms, modelled vs measured total downlink RF-EMF from base stations showed a Spearman correlation of 0.73. Average modelled and measured RF-EMF were 0.053 and 0.041 mW/m^2, with precision (SD of prediction–measurement differences) of 0.184 mW/m^2. Adding building characteristics information did not improve model predictions; authors conclude indoor RF-EMF can be reliably ranked for epidemiological studies despite exposure misclassification.

DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.02.008 · PMID: 24632329

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24632329/

Study type: in_vitro

Journal of cellular physiology · 2014 · PubMed

LF-EMF exposure was associated with reduced miR-30a expression and increased Beclin1 (BECN1) transcript and protein in SH-SY5Y cells. LF-EMF counteracted miR-30a up-regulation after miR-30a mimic transfection and rescued Beclin1 expression after BECN1 siRNA treatment; autophagy markers (ATG7, LC3B-II) and autophagosome formation were visualized after exposure. Repeated LF-EMF protocols were tested to contrast effects of Aβ peptides in vitro, and the authors interpret findings as indicating a potential cytoprotective effect via autophagy modulation.

DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24631 · PMID: 24676932

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24676932/

Study type: exposure_assessment

Environment international · 2014 · PubMed

Across four European cities, arithmetic mean mobile phone base station exposure ranged from 0.22 V/m (Basel) to 0.41 V/m (Amsterdam) across all outdoor areas combined. The 95th percentile of total RF-EMF exposure ranged from 0.46 V/m (Basel) to 0.82 V/m (Amsterdam), and the 99th percentile from 0.81 V/m (Basel) to 1.20 V/m (Brussels). All measured exposure levels were far below ICNIRP international reference levels, and the study reports no indications that lower regulatory limits resulted in higher base station exposure levels.

DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.03.007 · PMID: 24704639

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24704639/

Study type: animal

Brain research · 2014 · PubMed

Rats exposed to a 50 Hz, 100 µT magnetic field for 90 days (2 h/day) showed increased LTP induction in the perforant pathway–dentate gyrus synapses compared with sham and control groups, with significant differences in EPSP slope and PS amplitude. No significant difference in PPR before vs after HFS in the ELF-EMF group was reported.

DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.03.041 · PMID: 24727530

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24727530/

Mutation research. Genetic toxicology and environmental mutagenesis · 2014 · PubMed

DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.04.011 · PMID: 24769485

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24769485/

Mutation research. Genetic toxicology and environmental mutagenesis · 2014 · PubMed

DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.04.010 · PMID: 24769489

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24769489/

Study type: cohort

Environment international · 2014 · PubMed

After multiple imputation and propensity score matching with doubly robust adjustment, residential proximity ≤50 m to an ELF-EMF source was associated with lower birth weight (-116 g; 95% CI: -224 to -7 g). No effect was found for proximity ≤100 m compared with living further away.

DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.04.012 · PMID: 24815339

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24815339/

Study type: in_vitro

Avicenna journal of medical biotechnology · 2014 · PubMed

In MCF7 cells, saffron extract reduced VEGFR2 gene expression, with a reported 20% inhibitory effect at 400 µg/ml. EMF exposure (50 Hz, 0.004 T) alone reduced VEGFR2 up to 25% versus control (p < 0.001). Combined saffron + EMF produced larger reductions, with the greatest reported reduction of 38% at 100 µg/ml saffron; reductions of 29%, 35%, and 36% were reported at 200, 400, and 800 µg/ml with EMF.

PMID: 24834315

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24834315/

Study type: animal

International journal of radiation biology · 2014 · PubMed

Rats exposed to low-level 2.45 GHz EMF showed increased 8-OHdG in both plasma and brain tissue, and increased AOPP in plasma only. Garlic administration (500 mg/kg daily) prevented the increase of brain 8-OHdG and plasma AOPP.

DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.922717 · PMID: 24844368

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24844368/

Study type: animal

Radiation research · 2014 · PubMed

In 16 male Djungarian hamsters exposed to 900 MHz (GSM) RF-EMF at 0, 0.08, 0.4, or 4 W/kg SAR, effects were observed only at 4 W/kg: back fur temperature increased by ~0.5°C while corneal temperature was not affected; food consumption decreased while water consumption and body weight were unchanged; daytime CO2 production decreased and respiratory quotient decreased (daytime significant; nighttime not significant), while oxygen consumption was unchanged.

DOI: 10.1667/rr13646.1 · PMID: 24844649

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24844649/

Study type: in_vitro

Scientific reports · 2014 · PubMed

Exposure of embryonic neural stem cells to 1800 MHz RF-EMF at SAR 1, 2, and 4 W/kg for 1–3 days did not affect apoptosis, proliferation, cell cycle, related mRNA expression, or the ratio of differentiated neurons and astrocytes. Neurite outgrowth of differentiated neurons was inhibited after 4 W/kg exposure for 3 days, accompanied by decreased Ngn1 and NeuroD (mRNA and protein) and increased Hes1 expression.

DOI: 10.1038/srep05103 · PMID: 24869783

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24869783/

Study type: animal

Experimental and toxicologic pathology : official journal of the Gesellschaft fur Toxikologische Pathologie · 2014 · PubMed

No calcification was found in rats with normal kidney function regardless of EMF exposure. In CKD rats, aortic root calcification was significantly higher with EMF exposure versus no EMF (mean Agatston score 138 ± 25 vs 80 ± 20; p<0.05), with massive and unique ring-like calcification along the aortic media on pathology; osteoblast marker antigen expression was significantly decreased in EMF-exposed CKD rats compared with unexposed CKD rats.

DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2014.05.001 · PMID: 24882371

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24882371/

Study type: animal

PloS one · 2014 · PubMed

In 18 young male Wistar rats, 5-week exposure to low-intensity 900 MHz RF-EMF (1 V/m) was associated with a shift in thermal preference during the light period (exposed rats preferred 31°C vs controls 28°C). At 31°C, exposed rats had significantly lower tail skin temperature (-1.6°C) and had greater mean sleep duration (+15.5%) driven by increased slow wave sleep (+14.6%) and higher SWS episode frequency; paradoxical sleep did not differ significantly. No significant intergroup differences were observed during the dark period.

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099007 · PMID: 24905635

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24905635/

Study type: animal

Behavioral neuroscience · 2014 · PubMed

Rats were continuously exposed to far-field RF at GSM 900 MHz or UMTS 1.966 GHz (SAR 0.4 W/kg) and compared with sham-exposed controls. Exposed females showed no differences in sniffing duration versus controls. Exposed males showed significant effects at 3 months, and at 6 months GSM- (but not UMTS-) exposed males showed a memory performance deficit.

DOI: 10.1037/a0037299 · PMID: 24999587

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24999587/

Study type: animal

Bone & joint research · 2014 · PubMed

In both ovariectomized and sham-ovariectomized rats, EMF treatment (20 Gauss) did not produce cancellous or cortical bone changes over follow-up. EMF also did not affect mineralised callus volume around the fibular osteotomy.

DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.37.2000221 · PMID: 25015993

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25015993/

Study type: animal

Nature communications · 2014 · PubMed

Negative geotaxis (climbing) in Drosophila is disrupted by a static electromagnetic field, and this behavioral effect is mediated by cryptochrome (CRY). Mutation of the terminal tryptophan in the proposed Trp triad did not abolish EMF responsiveness in climbing, whereas deletion of the CRY C terminus disrupted EMF responses; CRY expression in specific neurons/photoreceptors/antennae was sufficient to confer EMF sensitivity.

DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5391 · PMID: 25019586

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25019586/

Study type: animal

Food & function · 2014 · PubMed

In mice, ELF-EMF exposure (50 Hz, 8 mT, 28 days) was associated with increased hippocampal glutamate and GABA contents, excessive NMDA receptor activation with increased NR2B and intracellular Ca2+, and altered MAPK-related signaling (decreased ERK1/2 and CREB phosphorylation; increased JNK1/2 phosphorylation via activated ASK1). Oral lotus seedpod procyanidins (notably 60 and 90 mg/kg) were reported to reverse/normalize several of these biochemical changes and were described as preventing learning/memory and oxidative damage from ELF-EMF exposure.

DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00250d · PMID: 25066354

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25066354/