Reviewed Papers — 2011

Pooled analysis of case-control studies on malignant brain tumours and the use of mobile and cordless phones including living and deceased subjects

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Harm Evidence: Low

Study type: policy

Int J Oncol · 2011 · Manual

This pooled analysis of case-control studies reported increased odds of glioma associated with both mobile and cordless phone use. Risk increased with longer latency and greater cumulative hours of use, with the highest reported risk for astrocytoma in the >10 year latency group and among those with first wireless phone use before age 20.

DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2011.947 · PMID: 21331446

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21331446/

Numerical dosimetry dedicated to children RF exposure

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Mixed Evidence: Low

Study type: review

Prog Biophys Mol Biol · 2011 · Manual

The paper reports numerical dosimetry results indicating that current phone compliance methods are valid for children, while some tissues (e.g., peripheral brain tissues) may have higher exposure in children than adults. For plane-wave exposures, whole-body SAR in children can be higher than in adults, and compliance with ICNIRP reference levels may not guarantee compliance with ICNIRP basic restrictions. Preliminary foetus-model results suggest foetus exposure is often lower than the mother’s, with foetus position in the uterus influencing exposure.

DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2011.10.002 · PMID: 22005525

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22005525/

Acceleration of the meckel syndrome by near-infrared light therapy

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Harm Evidence: Low

Study type: animal

Nephron Extra · 2011 · Manual

In cystic rats, near-infrared/red LED treatment (640–690 nm) reduced body weight and total kidney weight compared with sham-treated cystic rats, and BUN increased further (reported as almost 2-fold) with NIR treatment in both non-cystic and cystic rats. Hydrocephalus severity was reported as more severe in NIR-treated cystic rats, and the authors conclude that phototherapy initiated after symptom onset was detrimental to MKS-induced pathology.

DOI: 10.1159/000332046 · PMID: 22470396

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22470396/

Long-term exposure to microwave radiation provokes cancer growth: evidences from radars and mobile communication systems

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Harm Evidence: Low

Study type: review

Exp Oncol · 2011 · Manual

The review describes epidemiological and experimental reports suggesting that long-term exposure to low-intensity microwave radiation can induce or promote cancer in humans and animal models, with effects typically appearing after long durations (up to 10+ years) and increased carcinogenesis reported in rodents after 17–24 months of exposure. It also cites reported metabolic stress-related changes (e.g., ROS, 8-hydroxi-2-deoxyguanosine, ornithine decarboxylase activation) and argues that current thermal-based safety guidelines (including ICNIRP) require reevaluation and that precautionary regulation is warranted.

PMID: 21716201

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21716201/

Metabolic changes in cells under electromagnetic radiation of mobile communication systems

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Harm Evidence: Low

Study type: review

Ukr Biokhim Zh (1999) · 2011 · Manual

This review summarizes recent research suggesting potential risks from long-term low-level microwave exposure from mobile communication systems and describes reported cellular/metabolic stress responses. Reproducible effects described include heat shock protein overexpression, increased ROS and intracellular Ca2+, DNA damage with inhibited repair, and apoptosis, with ERK and p38MAPK implicated; the authors argue effects are not exclusively thermal and suggest standards based only on thermal effects may need re-evaluation.

PMID: 21851043

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21851043/

Assessment of cytogenetic damage and oxidative stress in personnel occupationally exposed to the pulsed microwave radiation of marine radar equipment.

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Harm Evidence: Low

Study type: cohort

International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2011 · PubMed

Electromagnetic field strength was measured at marine radar frequencies (3 GHz, 5.5 GHz, 9.4 GHz) and corresponding SAR values were determined. Exposed workers differed significantly from unexposed controls on comet assay parameters (tail intensity and tail moment) and micronucleus test parameters (micronuclei, nucleoplasmic bridges, nuclear buds), consistent with cytogenetic alterations. Glutathione was significantly lower and malondialdehyde significantly higher in the exposed group, indicating oxidative stress.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2010.08.003 · PMID: 20833106

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20833106/

Effects of microwave radiation and conductive heating on Tribolium castaneum microstructure.

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Mixed Evidence: Low

Study type: animal

Micron (Oxford, England : 1993) · 2011 · PubMed

Microwave radiation and conductive heating both completely killed adult Tribolium castaneum and produced cellular/structural changes including a large nuclear cavity and disappearance of mitochondria and the Golgi apparatus. Microwave treatment showed little change in surface microstructure but uneven epidermal thickness and thinner outer cuticle layers, while conductive heating caused disordered surface cell arrangement, indistinct cuticle layer boundaries, enlarged nuclei, and more severe ultrastructural effects overall.

DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2010.08.005 · PMID: 20837396

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20837396/

Effects of low level microwave radiation on carcinogenesis in Swiss Albino mice.

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: No effect Evidence: Low

Study type: animal

Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2011 · PubMed

In mice exposed to 112 MHz (AM at 16 Hz; SAR 0.75 W/kg) or 2.45 GHz (SAR 0.1 W/kg), the study reports no tumor development attributable to RF/microwave exposure and no visible extra skin tumors when exposure followed a single topical DMBA dose. In the ascites carcinoma model, exposed mice showed a slight but statistically insignificant increase in cell numbers, with insignificant differences in mortality or cell proliferation versus controls; overall, no observable change in tumor size was reported.

DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0654-8 · PMID: 21086023

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21086023/

Low intensity microwave radiation as modulator of the L-lactate dehydrogenase activity.

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Benefit Evidence: Low

Study type: in_vitro

Medical & biological engineering & computing · 2011 · PubMed

LDH enzyme solutions irradiated in a TEM cell showed selectively increased LDH activity at 500 MHz (electric field 0.02–2.1 V/m; 1.2×10^-6 to 1.2×10^-2 W/m^2) and at 900 MHz (electric field 0.021–0.21 V/m; 1.2×10^-4 W/m^2), compared with non-irradiated enzyme.

DOI: 10.1007/s11517-010-0690-2 · PMID: 21308416

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21308416/

The effect of pulsed 900-MHz GSM mobile phone radiation on the acrosome reaction, head morphometry and zona binding of human spermatozoa.

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Mixed Evidence: Low

Study type: other

International journal of andrology · 2011 · PubMed

After 1 h exposure to 900-MHz mobile phone radiation (SAR 2.0 W/kg), sperm propensity for the acrosome reaction was not affected. Exposed sperm showed reduced head area and reduced acrosome percentage of head area compared with unexposed controls, and sperm-zona binding was lower in exposed samples (p < 0.05).

DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2010.01054.x · PMID: 20236367

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20236367/

Involvement of mitochondrial activity in mediating ELF-EMF stimulatory effect on human sperm motility.

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Benefit Evidence: Moderate

Study type: in_vitro

Bioelectromagnetics · 2011 · PubMed

Exposure to 50 Hz, 5 mT ELF-EMF increased mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP, ADP, NAD(+) levels, and sperm motility parameters. Inhibition experiments indicated mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation mediates the stimulatory effect rather than glycolysis.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.20602 · PMID: 20690107

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20690107/

An international prospective cohort study of mobile phone users and health (Cosmos): design considerations and enrolment.

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Unclear Evidence: Insufficient

Study type: cohort

Cancer epidemiology · 2011 · PubMed

This article describes the design and enrolment considerations for the COSMOS prospective cohort study of mobile phone users, including prospective exposure assessment via questionnaires and objective network operator traffic data and long-term follow-up through disease registries and questionnaires. No health effect results are reported in the abstract.

DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2010.08.001 · PMID: 20810339

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20810339/

New clinical findings on the longevity gene in disease, health, & longevity: Sirtuin 1 often decreases with advanced age & serious diseases in most parts of the human body, while relatively high & constant Sirtuin 1 regardless of age was first found in the hippocampus of supercentenarians.

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Unclear Evidence: Very low

Study type: cross_sectional

Acupuncture & electro-therapeutics research · 2011 · PubMed

Sirtuin 1 expression was reported as measured non-invasively using an EMF resonance phenomenon involving a polyclonal antibody and Sirt1 in the body. In over 100 adults (20–122 years), most body regions showed Sirt1 levels of 5–10 pg BDORT units; Sirt1 <1 pg was reported to be associated with tumors or other serious diseases, and Sirt1 <0.25 pg with a high incidence of AIDS. In 7 supercentenarians, most body Sirt1 levels were 2.5–10 pg, but hippocampal Sirt1 was much higher (25–100 pg) and described as relatively constant regardless of age; electrical/mechanical stimulation of True ST-36 was reported to increase Sirt1 in people with low expression.

DOI: 10.3727/036012911803634111 · PMID: 22443029

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22443029/

Effects on rat testis of 1.95-GHz W-CDMA for IMT-2000 cellular phones.

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Mixed Evidence: Low

Study type: animal

Systems biology in reproductive medicine · 2011 · PubMed

No differences were observed in body weight gain or reproductive organ weights between exposed and sham groups. Sperm numbers in testis and epididymis were not decreased; testicular sperm count was significantly increased at 0.4 W/kg SAR. No abnormalities in sperm motility/morphology or seminiferous tubule histology were observed, and no testicular toxicity was evident under these exposure conditions.

DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2010.544839 · PMID: 21204746

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21204746/

Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure does not modulate toll-like receptor signaling in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: No effect Evidence: Low

Study type: in_vitro

Cytokine · 2011 · PubMed

PBMCs stimulated with TLR2/TLR4 ligands (Pam3Cys, LPS) or heat-killed microorganisms showed no significant differences in IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, IL-8, or IL-10 production after exposure to a controlled ELF-EMF signal (20–5000 Hz; B(dc)=3 μT; B(ac)=5 μT; 30 min). The authors conclude that under these experimental conditions ELF-EMF did not modulate the innate immune response of human primary cells in vitro.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2010.12.016 · PMID: 21239179

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21239179/

A 1-μT extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field vs. sham control for mild-to-moderate hypertension: a double-blind, randomized study.

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Benefit Evidence: Low

Study type: randomized_trial

Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2011 · PubMed

Compared with sham, the ELF-EMF group showed a significant difference in change in systolic blood pressure from baseline to end of the 4-week regimen (P=0.02), but not in diastolic blood pressure (P=0.21). Two participants in the ELF-EMF group reported mild hand paresthesia; no other adverse events were reported.

DOI: 10.1038/hr.2010.246 · PMID: 21248759

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21248759/

Electromagnetic exposure of scaffold-free three-dimensional cell culture systems.

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Unclear Evidence: Insufficient

Study type: in_vitro

Bioelectromagnetics · 2011 · PubMed

In a stripline exposure setup at 900 MHz using microelectrode arrays, inhomogeneities in the EMF caused by electrodes and conducting lines of the MEA chip had only a minor influence on the field distribution in the spheroid when exposure parameters were chosen carefully.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.20649 · PMID: 21280061

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21280061/

Potential protection of green tea polyphenols against 1800 MHz electromagnetic radiation-induced injury on rat cortical neurons.

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Benefit Evidence: Low

Study type: in_vitro

Neurotoxicity research · 2011 · PubMed

Exposure to 1800 MHz mobile phone radiation for 24 hours induced neuronal cell death in cultured rat cortical neurons. Green tea polyphenols significantly inhibited the increase in active Bax protein content and demonstrated protective effects against this injury.

DOI: 10.1007/s12640-011-9240-4 · PMID: 21293955

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21293955/

Computational exposure assessment of electromagnetic fields generated by an RFID system for mother--newborn identity reconfirmation.

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Unclear Evidence: Insufficient

Study type: exposure_assessment

Bioelectromagnetics · 2011 · PubMed

Computational modeling of mother and newborn exposure for three reader positions assessed compliance with EMF exposure guidelines across reader-tag specifications and time of use near the body. The authors conclude that optimal reader-tag technical specifications and minimizing exposure time are important, particularly for newborn exposure, and suggest training for practical device use.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.20653 · PMID: 21328411

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21328411/

Effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on growth rate and morphology of bacteria.

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Harm Evidence: Low

Study type: in_vitro

International journal of radiation biology · 2011 · PubMed

All six bacterial strains showed decreased growth rate compared with controls during 50 Hz, 0.5 mT ELF-EMF exposure, and the decrease continued after transfer to fresh medium and culture without field application. Significant ultrastructural changes were observed in all strains by TEM after 3 h exposure.

DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2011.560992 · PMID: 21401315

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21401315/

Lymphoma development of simultaneously combined exposure to two radiofrequency signals in AKR/J mice.

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Mixed Evidence: Low

Study type: animal

Bioelectromagnetics · 2011 · PubMed

AKR/J mice simultaneously exposed to CDMA and WCDMA RF-EMFs (whole-body average SAR 2.0 W/kg each; 4.0 W/kg total) for 42 weeks showed no differences versus sham in final survival, lymphoma incidence, or splenomegaly incidence. Brain metastasis infiltration occurrence differed significantly between RF-exposed and sham mice, but without a consistent increase or decrease across sexes; infiltration to liver, lung, and spleen did not differ.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.20655 · PMID: 21437920

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21437920/

DNA is a fractal antenna in electromagnetic fields.

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Unclear Evidence: Low

Study type: review

International journal of radiation biology · 2011 · PubMed

EMF interactions with DNA occur over a wide range of non-ionising frequencies including ELF and RF, showing similar effects. DNA possesses fractal antenna properties such as electronic conduction and self symmetry, which may contribute to its reactivity with EMF and potential DNA damage.

DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2011.538130 · PMID: 21457072

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21457072/

Oxidative stress and prevention of the adaptive response to chronic iron overload in the brain of young adult rats exposed to a 150 kilohertz electromagnetic field.

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Harm Evidence: Low

Study type: animal

Neuroscience · 2011 · PubMed

Chronic iron overload stimulated antioxidant defenses without causing oxidative stress. EMF exposure at 150 kHz increased lipid peroxidation without affecting antioxidant defenses. Combined EMF and iron overload increased lipid peroxidation further and abolished the antioxidant defense increase induced by iron overload alone.

DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.04.003 · PMID: 21497179

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21497179/

Long-term electromagnetic field treatment enhances brain mitochondrial function of both Alzheimer's transgenic mice and normal mice: a mechanism for electromagnetic field-induced cognitive benefit?

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Benefit Evidence: Low

Study type: animal

Neuroscience · 2011 · PubMed

After 1 month of daily high-frequency EMF exposure, Tg mice showed 50–150% enhancement in brain mitochondrial function across six measures, greatest in cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Normal aged mice also showed increased mitochondrial function, though less robust and less widespread. In Tg mice, mitochondrial function enhancement was accompanied by 5–10 fold increases in soluble Aβ1-40 in mitochondrial preparations, which the authors attribute to EMF-related disaggregation of Aβ oligomers; brain temperatures were stable or decreased, suggesting non-thermal effects.

DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.04.012 · PMID: 21514369

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21514369/

A study of neurotoxic biomarkers, c-fos and GFAP after acute exposure to GSM radiation at 900 MHz in the picrotoxin model of rat brains.

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Mixed Evidence: Low

Study type: animal

Neurotoxicology · 2011 · PubMed

After acute 900 MHz exposure at an intensity similar to mobile phone emissions, irradiated picrotoxin-treated rats showed high c-fos expression in neocortex and paleocortex at 90 min with low hippocampal activation. At 24 h, most brain areas (except limbic cortical region) showed increased neuronal activation after picrotoxin and radiation; at 72 h, radiation effects were still apparent in neocortex, dentate gyrus and CA3, with decreased activity in piriform and entorhinal cortex, and glial reactivity increased with every seizure in irradiated, picrotoxin-treated regions.

DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2011.04.003 · PMID: 21524663

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21524663/

Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on benign prostate hyperplasia.

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Benefit Evidence: Low

Study type: randomized_trial

International urology and nephrology · 2011 · PubMed

In the electromagnetic (pulsed RF EMF) group, IPSS, ultrasound-estimated prostate volume, urine residue, and mean urine flow rate showed statistically significant decreases after treatment; the drug (alfuzosin) group showed improvement only in IPSS. The abstract reports improved clinical symptoms in the electromagnetic group and that results persisted at 1-year follow-up for that group.

DOI: 10.1007/s11255-011-9944-7 · PMID: 21537858

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21537858/

Electromagnetic field effect or simply stress? Effects of UMTS exposure on hippocampal longterm plasticity in the context of procedure related hormone release.

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Mixed Evidence: Low

Study type: animal

PloS one · 2011 · PubMed

Cage-exposed animals showed significantly increased CORT and ACTH levels regardless of EMF exposure, corresponding with generally decreased hippocampal LTP/LTD field potential measures. Animals exposed at 2 W/kg did not differ from sham in LTP/LTD, while exposure at 10 W/kg produced a significant reduction in LTP and LTD.

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019437 · PMID: 21573218

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21573218/

Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields affect lipid-linked carbonic anhydrase.

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Harm Evidence: Low

Study type: in_vitro

Electromagnetic biology and medicine · 2011 · PubMed

Exposure of bovine lung membranes to a 75 Hz ELF magnetic field at different amplitudes produced a reproducible 17% decrease in carbonic anhydrase activity, with a reported threshold of about 0.74 mT. The decrease was independent of time in the field and was completely reversible; solubilizing the enzyme source with Triton eliminated the field effect, suggesting dependence on membrane anchoring/linkage.

DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2011.566770 · PMID: 21591890

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21591890/

Effects of a low-intensity electromagnetic field on fibroblast migration and proliferation.

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Benefit Evidence: Low

Study type: in_vitro

Electromagnetic biology and medicine · 2011 · PubMed

In an in vitro wound-healing model, exposure to an extremely weak 1 GHz EMF activated human fibroblast migration. The EMF also increased fibroblast proliferation as measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation, and increased HFGF1 expression after exposure.

DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2011.566774 · PMID: 21591892

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21591892/

Effect of Ginseng on Calretinin Expression in Mouse Hippocampus Following Exposure to 835 MHz Radiofrequency.

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Mixed Evidence: Low

Study type: animal

Journal of ginseng research · 2011 · PubMed

After 835 MHz EMF exposure (SAR 1.6 W/kg; 5 h/day for 5 days), the EMF-exposed NaCl group showed decreased calretinin immunoreactivity with loss of CA1/CA3 interneurons and infragranular cells. These losses were not observed in EMF-exposed groups treated with red ginseng extract (10 or 30 mg/kg), and CR immunoreactivity increased in red ginseng-treated mice compared with control and EMF-exposed NaCl-treated mice.

DOI: 10.5142/jgr.2011.35.2.138 · PMID: 23717055

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23717055/

Non-specific physical symptoms in relation to actual and perceived proximity to mobile phone base stations and powerlines.

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Mixed Evidence: Low

Study type: cross_sectional

BMC public health · 2011 · PubMed

In multilevel models adjusted for demographic and residential characteristics, higher self-reported environmental sensitivity, perceived proximity to base stations and powerlines, lower perceived control, and increased avoidance (coping) behavior were associated with increased reporting of NSPS. There was no significant association between NSPS occurrence and actual distance to base stations or powerlines.

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-421 · PMID: 21631930

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21631930/

Bioassay for assessing cell stress in the vicinity of radio-frequency irradiating antennas.

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Harm Evidence: Low

Study type: animal

Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM · 2011 · PubMed

After 24 h exposure to RF-EMF (1.8–7.8 V/m) generated by AM 1.287 MHz transmitting antennas, etiolated duckweed showed alanine accumulation in cells, described as a universal stress signal. The effect magnitude qualitatively corresponded to exposure level, and 10 mM vitamin C completely suppressed alanine accumulation.

DOI: 10.1039/c1em10031a · PMID: 21655615

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21655615/

Effects of wi-fi signals on the p300 component of event-related potentials during an auditory hayling task.

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Mixed Evidence: Low

Study type: other

Journal of integrative neuroscience · 2011 · PubMed

During the response inhibition condition, a significant gender × radiation interaction was observed at 15 leads, with decreased P300 amplitudes in males compared with females only in the presence of Wi‑Fi EMF exposure. Separately, P300 amplitudes at 18 electrodes were significantly lower in the response inhibition condition than in response initiation and baseline conditions.

DOI: 10.1142/s0219635211002695 · PMID: 21714138

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21714138/

[Motivation and significance of IARC classification for mobile phone].

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Mixed Evidence: Low

Study type: review

Giornale italiano di medicina del lavoro ed ergonomia · 2011 · PubMed

The article summarizes the May 2011 IARC Working Group evaluation of RF-EMF exposure, noting evidence was generally assessed as "limited" for glioma and acoustic neuroma among wireless phone users and "inappropriate" to draw conclusions for other tumor types. Evidence from occupational and environmental exposures was considered "insufficient". Based on limited evidence in humans and experimental animals, RF-EMF was classified as "possibly carcinogenic to humans" (Group 2B).

PMID: 23393882

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23393882/

Effects of 50 Hz sinusoidal electromagnetic fields of different intensities on proliferation, differentiation and mineralization potentials of rat osteoblasts.

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Mixed Evidence: Low

Study type: in_vitro

Bone · 2011 · PubMed

Neonatal rat osteoblasts exposed to 50 Hz sinusoidal electromagnetic fields (0.9–4.8 mT; 30 min/day) showed inhibited proliferation after 3 days compared with untreated controls. Differentiation and mineralization-related outcomes (ALP activity, ALP-positive colonies, mineralized nodules, and Runx-2/Col1α2/Bmp-2 mRNA expression) were increased in a bimodal, intensity-dependent pattern with peaks at 1.8 mT and 3.6 mT.

DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.06.026 · PMID: 21726678

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21726678/

Mortality by neoplasia and cellular telephone base stations in the Belo Horizonte municipality, Minas Gerais state, Brazil.

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Harm Evidence: Very low

Study type: ecological

The Science of the total environment · 2011 · PubMed

From 1996–2006 there were 7191 deaths by neoplasia and approximately 856 base stations installed by December 2006. The mortality rate within 500 m of a base station was reported as 34.76 per 10,000 inhabitants, with fewer deaths outside this area. Environmental monitoring reported electric field measurements from 0.4 to 12.4 V/m and power density from 0.04 to 40.78 μW/cm².

DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.05.051 · PMID: 21741680

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21741680/

[Electormagnetic field of the mobile phone base station: case study].

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Mixed Evidence: Low

Study type: exposure_assessment

Medycyna pracy · 2011 · PubMed

EMF intensity in the school building and surrounding area increased after installation/operation of a mobile phone base station on the school roof. Despite the increase, measured values met Polish environmental protection legal requirements with wide margins; the authors also propose adjusting antenna inclination to reduce EMF intensity near the base station (side lobe area).

PMID: 21748882

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21748882/

Children and adults exposed to electromagnetic fields at the ICNIRP reference levels: theoretical assessment of the induced peak temperature increase.

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Mixed Evidence: Low

Study type: engineering

Physics in medicine and biology · 2011 · PubMed

Using finite-difference time-domain modeling of six children and two adults exposed to orthogonal plane-wave configurations at ICNIRP reference levels, the authors report that considering uncertainties in model parameters, worst-case scenarios could yield a localized peak temperature increase up to 1 °C. The paper argues that T(incr, max) may be a better metric than localized peak SAR for preventing excessive localized tissue heating and suggests exposure duration should be incorporated into future limits.

DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/56/15/020 · PMID: 21772085

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21772085/

Electromagnetic hypersensitivity: evidence for a novel neurological syndrome.

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Harm Evidence: Very low

Study type: case_report

The International journal of neuroscience · 2011 · PubMed

In a double-blinded provocation procedure, the subject developed temporal pain, headache, muscle twitching, and skipped heartbeats within 100 seconds after initiation of 60-Hz electric-field exposure (average over head 300 V/m; p < .05). Symptoms were reported to be caused primarily by field transitions (off-on, on-off) rather than the continuous presence of the field, and the subject could not report field presence more often than during sham exposure.

DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2011.608139 · PMID: 21793784

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21793784/

Effects of a 900-MHz electromagnetic field on oxidative stress parameters in rat lymphoid organs, polymorphonuclear leukocytes and plasma.

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Harm Evidence: Low

Study type: animal

Archives of medical research · 2011 · PubMed

After 900 MHz EMF exposure (28.2 ± 2.1 V/m; 2 h/day for 45 days), antioxidant enzyme activity and glutathione levels in lymphoid organs and plasma antioxidant capacity decreased, while lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide levels in PMNs and plasma and myeloperoxidase activity in PMNs increased. Oxidative damage was tissue-specific and recovery over 15 days was limited, especially in immature rats.

DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2011.06.001 · PMID: 21820603

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21820603/

Expression of ornithine decarboxylase during the transport of saquinavir across the blood-brain barrier using composite polymeric nanocarriers under an electromagnetic field.

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Mixed Evidence: Low

Study type: in_vitro

Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces · 2011 · PubMed

SQV permeability and ODC expression were highest with an amplitude-modulated EMF, intermediate with a frequency-modulated EMF, and lowest with no EMF. At 0.04% PEI, amplitude-modulated EMF increased nanoparticle uptake by 2.38-fold and ODC expression by 2.72-fold. Increasing PEI increased SQV permeability but reduced HBMEC viability; increasing γ-PGA molecular weight increased particle size and HBMEC viability and reduced zeta potential.

DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.07.053 · PMID: 21855303

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21855303/

Effects of 50 Hz electromagnetic fields on the histology, apoptosis, and expression of c-Fos and β-catenin on the livers of preincubated white Leghorn chicken embryos.

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Harm Evidence: Low

Study type: animal

Electromagnetic biology and medicine · 2011 · PubMed

Eggs exposed to a 50 Hz sinusoidal EMF (7.32 mT) for 24 h before incubation showed extensive hemorrhages and liver histopathological changes (e.g., disturbed parenchymal tissues, sinusoid denaturation, vesiculized cytoplasm), increased apoptotic cells, and decreased c-Fos and β-catenin expression compared with control and sham groups.

DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2011.596603 · PMID: 21861694

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21861694/

Pre- and post-natal exposure of children to EMF generated by domestic induction cookers.

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: No effect Evidence: Low

Study type: exposure_assessment

Physics in medicine and biology · 2011 · PubMed

Magnetic flux density measured during induction cooker operation (per EN 62233) was below the limits set in the standard. A numerical model at 35 kHz was used to compute internal electric field and induced current density in 26/30-week pregnant women and 6/11-year-old children; computed E and J were below ICNIRP basic restrictions (2010 low-frequency and 1998 guidelines).

DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/56/19/001 · PMID: 21878710

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21878710/

EMF recommendations specific for children?

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Unclear Evidence: Insufficient

Study type: review

Progress in biophysics and molecular biology · 2011 · PubMed

The paper discusses how EMF health-risk information should be translated into protection/precautionary measures and specific recommendations for children, emphasizing that children should be addressed differently than adults. It highlights the role of parents/care persons and educational environments in influencing children’s behavior, and notes that communicating scientific uncertainties can both increase risk awareness and potentially lead to unintended or unhelpful responses.

DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2011.09.018 · PMID: 21967839

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21967839/

Synergistic effect of EMF-BEMER-type pulsed weak electromagnetic field and HPMA-bound doxorubicin on mouse EL4 T-cell lymphoma.

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Benefit Evidence: Low

Study type: animal

Journal of drug targeting · 2011 · PubMed

Exposure to low-frequency pulsed EMF produced by a BEMER device slowed tumor mass growth and prolonged survival in mice with EL4 T-cell lymphoma, with a more pronounced effect in nude mice. No measurable serum Hsp70 or increased anti-EL4 antibodies were detected. A significant synergistic antitumor effect was reported when EMF exposure was combined with a suboptimal dose of HPMA copolymer-based doxorubicin (DOX(HYD)-HPMA).

DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2011.622403 · PMID: 21981636

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21981636/

Volume-averaged SAR in adult and child head models when using mobile phones: a computational study with detailed CAD-based models of commercial mobile phones.

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: No effect Evidence: Low

Study type: exposure_assessment

Progress in biophysics and molecular biology · 2011 · PubMed

Using CAD-based models of two commercial mobile phones and four MRI-based head phantoms, simulated SAR distributions depended strongly on the antenna and phone model. From a volume-averaged SAR perspective, no systematic differences between child and adult head models were found; generic source models were not considered extrapolatable to real device exposures.

DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2011.10.001 · PMID: 22005524

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22005524/

Electromagnetic fields as first messenger in biological signaling: Application to calmodulin-dependent signaling in tissue repair.

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Mixed Evidence: Low

Study type: other

Biochimica et biophysica acta · 2011 · PubMed

Configured non-thermal EMF signals modulated calmodulin-dependent enzyme kinetics and increased second messengers (NO and cGMP in chondrocyte and endothelial cultures; cAMP in neuronal cultures). Calmodulin antagonists and downstream blockers eliminated these effects, which the authors interpret as supporting a Ca/CaM/NO-mediated transduction mechanism.

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.10.001 · PMID: 22005645

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22005645/

900-MHz microwave radiation promotes oxidation in rat brain.

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Harm Evidence: Low

Study type: randomized_trial

Electromagnetic biology and medicine · 2011 · PubMed

Exposure to 900 MHz mobile phone radiation at 0.9 W/kg SAR for 2 hours daily over 45 days in rats led to significant decreases in glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, protein kinase, and melatonin levels, and significant increases in catalase activity, creatine kinase, caspase 3, and reactive oxygen species in the brain compared to sham-exposed controls.

DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2011.587930 · PMID: 22047460

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22047460/

Analysis of DNA fragmentation in mouse embryos exposed to an extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field.

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Harm Evidence: Moderate

Study type: randomized_trial

Electromagnetic biology and medicine · 2011 · PubMed

EMF exposure significantly decreased the number of blastocysts and increased DNA fragmentation index in blastocysts compared to control. No significant difference was found in the number of blastomers or pregnant mice between groups.

DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2011.589556 · PMID: 22047462

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22047462/

Perception of health risks of electromagnetic fields by MRI radiographers and airport security officers compared to the general Dutch working population: a cross sectional analysis.

Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Unclear Evidence: Low

Study type: cross_sectional

Environmental health : a global access science source · 2011 · PubMed

In an internet survey, MRI radiographers reported lower perceived risk, less negative feelings, and more positive feelings toward EMF and EMF sources than the general working population and airport security officers. MRI radiographers reported fewer health concerns regarding EMF, although they considered it more likely that EMF could cause physical complaints. The authors conclude that occupational exposure level itself did not predict perceived health risk of EMF.

DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-10-95 · PMID: 22070906

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22070906/