IEEE engineering in medicine and biology magazine : the quarterly magazine of the Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society · 2001 · PubMed

PMID: 11211656

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11211656/

Study type: in_vitro

Wei sheng yan jiu = Journal of hygiene research · 2001 · PubMed

After 2450 MHz continuous-wave microwave exposure (30 mW/cm2 for 1 h), some cultured pig retinal ganglion cells congregated and axons disappeared; ultrastructural changes included swelling of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, and apoptotic cells were observed. In vitamin E (VE) groups, no obvious changes were seen by light microscopy, while TEM showed mild mitochondrial swelling and intact mitochondrial cristae; VE was reported to reduce microwave-associated damage to some extent.

PMID: 11255758

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11255758/

Study type: animal

Perceptual and motor skills · 2001 · PubMed

In a within-subjects reversal design, ibuprofen dose (10–50 mg/kg, i.p.) was associated with significant differences in number of microwave heat reinforcers per hour and rate of responding, with both measures significantly higher during the first 2 hours of the session.

DOI: 10.2466/pms.2001.92.2.391 · PMID: 11361298

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11361298/

Study type: animal

Cytobios · 2001 · PubMed

In rats, low-intensity microwave radiation was reported to have a stimulating effect on bone tissue regeneration. During long application of hydrocortisone, microwave radiation was described as a potentially protective factor for bone tissue.

PMID: 11409634

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11409634/

Study type: review

Critical reviews in biomedical engineering · 2001 · PubMed

The article reports that laser Doppler flowmetry can be used to evaluate the effect of low-intensity microwave radiation on cutaneous microcirculation.

DOI: 10.1615/critrevbiomedeng.v29.i3.160 · PMID: 11730112

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11730112/

Study type: animal

Chinese medical journal · 2001 · PubMed

After 3 hours of exposure, many rabbit lens epithelial cells were in the initial phase of apoptosis at 5 mW/cm2. At 10 mW/cm2, a large number of cells became secondary necrotic cells and severe damage was observed. The authors conclude these low power densities can induce irreversible damage to rabbit lens epithelial cells.

PMID: 11793856

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11793856/

Study type: animal

Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) · 2001 · PubMed

Pulsed microwave exposure (5.655 GHz) was associated with high fluctuations in HRV power spectra, particularly in the 8–80 s (0.0125–0.125 Hz) band related to thermoregulatory control activity. During the recovery period after exposure, HRV power spectra changes observed during exposure were reported as not permanent.

PMID: 24185220

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24185220/

Study type: animal

Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia · 2001 · PubMed

A 5-minute exposure to 460 MHz electromagnetic radiation pulse-modulated at 2.5–40 Hz (average SAR 0.12 W/kg; pulsed SAR 3 W/kg) altered the percentage of Drosophila embryos with interrupted development. The strength of the effect depended on modulation rate, with a pronounced decrease at 10 and 16 Hz.

PMID: 11605241

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11605241/

Study type: in_vitro

Bioelectromagnetics · 2001 · PubMed

After ELF-EMF exposure (50 Hz, 100 microT, 1 h), microvesicle velocity increased from 0.32 ± 0.03 µm/s (n=120) in untreated controls to 0.41 ± 0.03 µm/s (n=175). Heat shock (45°C, 10 min) increased velocity to 0.56 ± 0.03 µm/s (n=125), and heat shock plus EMF increased velocity to 0.54 ± 0.03 µm/s (n=110); no significant difference was found between heat shock alone and heat shock plus EMF.

DOI: 10.1002/1521-186x(200102)22:2<71::aid-bem1008>3.0.co;2-i · PMID: 11180251

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11180251/

Study type: exposure_assessment

Bioelectromagnetics · 2001 · PubMed

ELF magnetic flux densities were mapped along stretches of sidewalk in central Göteborg City, Sweden. About 50% of the investigated street length had flux densities on the order of 0.2 µT and above, and strong flux densities (>1.0 µT) were found close to distribution pillars, power substations, shoplifting alarms, and other electrical devices; elevated levels were suggested to be probably due to stray currents.

DOI: 10.1002/1521-186x(200102)22:2<87::aid-bem1010>3.0.co;2-w · PMID: 11180253

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11180253/

Study type: other

The Laryngoscope · 2001 · PubMed

During a 30-minute 900 MHz mobile phone conversation, skin temperature increased on the same side as the phone (max +2.3 ± 0.2°C at 6 min), nasal NO showed a tendency to increase (max +12.9 ± 4.9% at 10 min), and MCA was significantly reduced (max −27 ± 6% at 15 min). These changes were not recorded when an earpiece was used to avoid direct EMF exposure; on the opposite side, skin temperature and nasal NO did not change while MCA significantly increased (38 ± 10%).

DOI: 10.1097/00005537-200101000-00027 · PMID: 11192886

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11192886/

Study type: animal

Bioelectrochemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2001 · PubMed

Whole-body exposure for 10 min to static magnetic fields (SMF) at 10 mT significantly increased peak blood velocity in tibialis anterior muscle capillaries compared with sham during exposure and post-exposure. After withdrawal of SMF and 50-Hz EMF at 1 mT, significant similar effects on blood velocity were present or enhanced; the authors suggest 1 mT as a threshold level for enhancing muscle microcirculation under pentobarbital-induced hypnosis.

DOI: 10.1016/s0302-4598(00)00120-3 · PMID: 11206920

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11206920/

Study type: in_vitro

Bioelectrochemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2001 · PubMed

U-937 and HCA-2/1cch cells exposed to a 25 Hz, 1.5 mT ELF-EMF for 2 h 45 min showed no significant alterations in cell cycle distribution and no induction of apoptosis. In HCA-2/1cch cells exposed in the presence of dexamethasone, relative cell number decreased to 55.84±7.35% (p<0.05).

DOI: 10.1016/s0302-4598(00)00119-7 · PMID: 11206921

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11206921/

Study type: in_vitro

International journal of radiation biology · 2001 · PubMed

Probit plots from cells exposed to various sinusoidal ELF magnetic fields were virtually superimposable on plots from pre- and post-exposure sham/no-field periods. The authors report no evidence of effects (positive or negative) on average cytosolic calcium levels or transient calcium increases.

DOI: 10.1080/09553000010013779 · PMID: 11236931

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11236931/

Study type: in_vitro

Biomedical sciences instrumentation · 2001 · PubMed

Jurkat E6.1 cells preloaded with 32P were exposed to 0.1 mT, 60 Hz EMF or sham for 30 minutes. Three of five experiments showed no difference in low molecular weight protein phosphorylation versus controls, while two experiments showed an EMF effect. Stathmin expression and phosphorylation were decreased in EMF-exposed samples compared to controls.

PMID: 11347389

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11347389/

Study type: in_vitro

Biomedical sciences instrumentation · 2001 · PubMed

Human and rat peripheral blood lymphocytes exposed in vitro to defined EMFs (1.8 mT pulsed; 0.1 mT 60 Hz; 0.2 mT 100 Hz) showed modulation of T-cell proliferation compared with unexposed controls.

PMID: 11347391

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11347391/

Study type: engineering

Biomedical sciences instrumentation · 2001 · PubMed

The authors describe an in vitro exposure system enabling simultaneous exposure of cell cultures to UVB and electromagnetic fields using Merritt coils with integrated UV bulbs. The system supports sham vs experimental EMF operation (up to 1.5 mT at 20,000 Hz), UVB doses of 100–1000 J/m2/nm, high EMF uniformity (within 0.0038%), and temperature/sterility controls.

PMID: 11347392

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11347392/

Study type: animal

Bioelectromagnetics · 2001 · PubMed

CBA/Ca mice exposed to a 50 Hz magnetic field (14 microT peak-to-peak) for 18 days in utero showed no significant differences in micronucleated PCE or NCE compared with sham-irradiated controls when assessed 35 days after exposure ended. Adult mice exposed for 18 days also showed no differences in micronuclei in PCE or NCE at the end of exposure, and PCE proportions were similar between exposed and unexposed groups.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.61 · PMID: 11424159

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11424159/

Study type: animal

Environmental research · 2001 · PubMed

Male kestrels bred under EMF conditions showed suppressed plasma total proteins, hematocrits, and carotenoids during the first half of the breeding season under short-term exposure, along with suppressed erythrocyte cells and lymphocyte proportions and elevated granulocyte proportions at the end of the season. Long-term exposure also suppressed hematocrits in the first half of the reproductive period. The authors interpret the biomarker pattern as indicating higher oxidative stress in EMF-exposed birds, with an immune response evident mainly in short-term exposed birds.

DOI: 10.1006/enrs.2001.4263 · PMID: 11437466

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11437466/

Study type: in_vitro

Mutation research · 2001 · PubMed

A 50 Hz magnetic field at 1 mT or TPA (1 nM) alone did not affect micronucleus formation in initiated or non-initiated SHE cells. When benzo(a)pyrene (BP) was applied during magnetic-field exposure (altered initiation schedule), micronucleus formation increased 1.8-fold compared with BP alone; adding TPA to BP+MF did not further increase micronuclei.

DOI: 10.1016/s1383-5718(01)00192-9 · PMID: 11448641

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11448641/

Study type: animal

Zhurnal vysshei nervnoi deiatelnosti imeni I P Pavlova · 2001 · PubMed

Ultralow-intensity EMF exposure (4200 MHz, quasistochastic modulation 20–20,000 Hz; power density 15 microW/cm2; specific body absorption rate up to 4.5 mJ/kg) potentiated hexenal-induced sleep in rats by shortening time to fall asleep and increasing sleep duration. The same EMF exposure potentiated haloperidol catalepsy by decreasing the threshold dose and increasing catalepsy duration, with a prolonged effect reflected as suppression of emotional excitation in the open-field test within 24 hours after exposure.

PMID: 11550647

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11550647/

Study type: animal

Radiatsionnaia biologiia, radioecologiia · 2001 · PubMed

Two low-intensity 50 Hz EMF conditions were studied. A weak EMF with prevailing electrical component (380–480 V/m, 120–140 nT) did not affect DNA synthesis intensity, while an EMF with stronger magnetic induction (10–15 V/m, 800–1500 nT) diminished glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and proliferative processes in cultured stimulated lymphocytes. Electron microscopy after both exposures showed accumulation of lymphocytes with pyknotic nuclei and electron-dense cytoplasm and hypoplasia of vascular endothelium; effects were more marked with the prevailing magnetic component, suggesting lowered secretory activity of epitheliocytes.

PMID: 11605242

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11605242/

Study type: in_vitro

Radiation research · 2001 · PubMed

Cells exposed to frequency-modulated continuous wave at 835.62 MHz or CDMA RF EMF centered on 847.74 MHz at an average SAR of 0.6 W/kg showed no changes in five cell-cycle parameters compared with sham-exposed cells across the experimental period (immediate to 100 h). The only significant change noted was attributed to C3H 10T(1/2) cultures moving into plateau phase at later times in the long-exposure experiment.

DOI: 10.1667/0033-7587(2001)156[0786:refdna]2.0.co;2 · PMID: 11741503

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11741503/

Study type: animal

Immunological investigations · 2001 · PubMed

In 6 independent experiments, mice exposed to 5 G, 60 Hz EMF for 1–105 days showed consistent effects across a broad panel of immune variables when the immune response was modeled allowing nonlinear relationships between field exposure and immune variables. The observed immune data patterns could be mimicked by sampling from a known chaotic system, which the authors interpret as consistent with intrinsic nonlinear regulatory mechanisms.

DOI: 10.1081/imm-100108166 · PMID: 11777283

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11777283/

Study type: other

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics · 2001 · PubMed

For a fermion gas with equally spaced energy levels subjected to a magnetic field, the particle density is calculated using a path integral approach and inversion techniques for generating functions of static response functions. Explicit results are presented for ground state density versus magnetic field for particle numbers from 1 to 45.

DOI: 10.1103/physreve.63.016111 · PMID: 11304318

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11304318/

Study type: randomized_trial

The Laryngoscope · 2001 · PubMed

In 22 CPAP-treated SDB patients with turbinate hypertrophy randomized to TCRF (n=17) vs placebo (n=5), the primary blinded-examiner VAS treatment effect for nasal obstruction at 4 weeks was -0.9 cm (95% CI -2.4 to 0.7). The unblinded examiner secondary outcome showed a larger treatment effect (-3.0 cm; 95% CI -4.9 to -1.1). Beneficial effects were reported for all secondary outcomes except general health status, but only self-reported CPAP adherence was statistically significant (P=.03).

DOI: 10.1097/00005537-200110000-00023 · PMID: 11801946

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11801946/

Study type: review

Advances in space research : the official journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) · 2001 · PubMed

The abstract discusses that plant polarity is genetically predetermined and not modifiable, but that gravity is not the sole determinant of polarization; light, electromagnetic field, moisture and other factors can exert polarizing effects. It notes that early attempts to grow plants in weightlessness showed abnormalities including impaired water and nutrient uptake, dyscoordination of physiological processes, and growth/developmental retardation.

DOI: 10.1016/s0273-1177(01)00370-2 · PMID: 11803964

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11803964/

Study type: other

Advances in space research : the official journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) · 2001 · PubMed

Flax seedlings grown for 3–4 days in a nonuniform magnetic field in microgravity were reported to orient consistently with curvature expected from displacement of statoliths along the field gradient by magnetic forces (93% oriented in-field). Control seedlings reportedly grew in the direction of the initial seed orientation.

DOI: 10.1016/s0273-1177(01)00372-6 · PMID: 11803966

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11803966/

Study type: animal

Advances in space research : the official journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) · 2001 · PubMed

Pea seeds grown for 3 days in a low magnetic field showed multiple ultrastructural changes in root meristem cells, including lipid body accumulation, development of lytic compartments, and reduced phytoferritin in plastids. Mitochondria showed increased size/relative volume with electron-transparent matrix and reduced cristae. Cytochemical staining for free Ca2+ was strong after exposure, with Ca2+ deposits observed in organelles and hyaloplasm; the authors suggest effects involve disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis and metabolism.

DOI: 10.1016/s0273-1177(01)00373-8 · PMID: 11803967

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11803967/

Study type: in_vitro

Cell motility and the cytoskeleton · 2001 · PubMed

Normal human epidermal keratinocytes migrated toward the negative pole in a DC electric field of physiological strength (100 mV/mm). The PKA inhibitor KT5720 (50 nM) reduced the directional response by 53% in a dose-dependent manner (5–50 nM) without significantly affecting general motility. The myosin light chain kinase inhibitor ML-7 (1 µM) decreased migration distance by ~31% without affecting directional migration; several PKC and CaM kinase inhibitors showed no significant effects on directed migration or migration distance.

DOI: 10.1002/cm.10009 · PMID: 11807941

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11807941/

Study type: cohort

Ugeskrift for laeger · 2001 · PubMed

In a cohort of 30,631 Danish electric company employees, there was an overall increase in risk of senile dementia and motor neuron diseases combined. Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and other CNS diseases were reported as essentially unrelated to EMF exposure. Epilepsy risk was decreased versus the general population (attributed to healthy worker effect), but increased in internal comparisons; the discussion notes the increased risk of senile dementia and motor neuron diseases may be associated with above-average 50 Hz EMF exposure.

PMID: 11810798

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11810798/

Study type: animal

Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE · 2001 · PubMed

In 14 cases, the location, shape, length, and continuity of linear lesions on electroanatomic maps highly correlated with autopsy findings. Average line length on reconstructed maps (32.3±4.1 mm) highly correlated with pathological specimen measurements (31.7±3.9 mm; r=0.98, P<.001).

DOI: 10.1046/j.1460-9592.2001.01672.x · PMID: 11816638

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11816638/

Study type: engineering

Journal of chemical ecology · 2001 · PubMed

A microwave-oven-based protocol was modified to extract essential oils from plant tissue and insect feculae using steam exposure in a microwave oven. Statistical analysis indicated high reproducibility, and multiple samples could be processed within an hour.

DOI: 10.1023/a:1012295307740 · PMID: 11817086

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11817086/

Study type: review

Annales chirurgiae et gynaecologiae · 2001 · PubMed

The abstract states that survival rates after surgery are roughly comparable with those obtained with percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) or radiofrequency (RF) ablation for early/intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma. It notes that survival curves with percutaneous ablation techniques are better than those of resected patients with adverse prognostic factors, and that initial survival curves of RF ablation for colorectal liver metastases are described as promising, while partial resection remains the gold standard due to size/site dependence.

PMID: 11820410

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11820410/

Study type: exposure_assessment

Medycyna pracy · 2001 · PubMed

A method for retrospective estimation of exposure dose was described and applied to three typical RTCN. The analysis indicated workers were exposed primarily to VHF and UHF electromagnetic fields, and the exposure was considered admissible and therefore not expected to adversely affect workers' health.

PMID: 11828845

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11828845/

Study type: other

Meditsinskaia tekhnika · 2001 · PubMed

A reduction in blood So2 and ESR is reported to lead to decay of a spin echo signal. The effect is attributed to fluctuations in erythrocyte magnetic fields caused by Brownian motion, and is proposed as a basis for monitoring red blood cell agglutination.

PMID: 11837186

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11837186/

Study type: engineering

Meditsinskaia tekhnika · 2001 · PubMed

The paper presents calculation programs for magnetic induction (B) fields for generators modeled as a current ring and a square current loop. It argues that knowing B alone is insufficient to determine areas of biophysical AMF action because AMF induces a stress field (Es) and an acting potential drop field (Ua), which depends on generator shape and body/organ form; it proposes developing programs to calculate Ua fields and concludes generator shapes for targeting specific organs should be standardized.

PMID: 11837195

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11837195/

Study type: animal

Journal of radiation research · 2001 · PubMed

Pregnant ICR mice exposed to a 4.7 T static magnetic field on gestation days 7.5–9.5 showed no significant differences versus controls in prenatal death or external/skeletal malformations when assessed at gestation day 18.5. VEGF immunoreactivity in fetal sternum was increased at gestation day 16.5 after exposure but decreased at gestation day 18.5 compared with controls. In vitro, rabbit chondrocytes showed no significant change in DNA synthesis, while proteoglycan synthesis increased with SMF exposure.

DOI: 10.1269/jrr.42.273 · PMID: 11840644

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11840644/

Study type: animal

[Zhonghua yan ke za zhi] Chinese journal of ophthalmology · 2001 · PubMed

Eight rabbit eyes exposed to low power microwave radiation (10 mW/cm^2) for 30 hours showed apparent ultrastructural changes in lens epithelial cells on transmission electron microscopy, including apoptosis-like morphological features. No obvious changes were observed in the protected self-control eyes.

PMID: 11864393

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11864393/

Study type: randomized_trial

Voprosy kurortologii, fizioterapii, i lechebnoi fizicheskoi kultury · 2001 · PubMed

A course of treatment using a permanent magnetic field (two magnetic discs, 60 mT) applied symmetrically over projections of great arteries was reported to restore vegetative homeostasis and normalize sympathicotony/vegetative regulation in hypertensive patients with vegetovascular asthenia.

PMID: 11868527

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11868527/

Study type: other

Voprosy kurortologii, fizioterapii, i lechebnoi fizicheskoi kultury · 2001 · PubMed

In 70 patients with acute ischemic stroke, EHF therapy at 53.53 GHz was reported to improve rheological and coagulation parameters, have a positive effect on hemostasis, and improve the clinical course during the acute period.

PMID: 11868528

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11868528/

Study type: exposure_assessment

Radiation protection dosimetry · 2001 · PubMed

Radiofrequency field monitoring in Torino assessed how electromagnetic field strength varies with height, urban location, and frequency, separating contributions from broadcasting antennas and mobile phone base stations. A theoretical evaluation summing emissions from all installations and generating field strength maps (accounting for orography) was compared with measured values in the mobile telephony frequency range.

DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006688 · PMID: 11878419

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11878419/

Study type: exposure_assessment

Radiation protection dosimetry · 2001 · PubMed

The paper describes reference systems used to calibrate electromagnetic field meters at IEN and the Ivrea Department of ARPA, and discusses procedures to evaluate measurement uncertainty, including identifying and quantifying uncertainty components from meter characteristics and measurement procedures/conditions. It also addresses how to compare a measurement result (value plus associated uncertainty) with limits set by standards.

DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006690 · PMID: 11878421

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11878421/

Study type: engineering

Radiation protection dosimetry · 2001 · PubMed

The article provides an overview of the UMTS system (including UTRAN) and analyzes measurement techniques and related instrumentation for measuring electric field intensity radiated by a UMTS radio station.

DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006693 · PMID: 11878424

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11878424/

Study type: exposure_assessment

Radiation protection dosimetry · 2001 · PubMed

Monitoring of six-minute averaged electric field levels from base stations of different typologies (TACS, GSM, DCS) was performed. The mean six-minute averaged E-field measured between 10 a.m. and 1 p.m. corresponded to 84% of the maximum daily six-minute averaged value. A comparison between measured field levels and phone traffic data was presented, and an hourly-average daily exposure curve was constructed.

DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006694 · PMID: 11878425

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11878425/

Study type: engineering

Radiation protection dosimetry · 2001 · PubMed

The paper provides an overview of technical possibilities and applications of environmental EMF monitoring and control systems, describing currently available and under-development equipment and ongoing work. It argues that national-level agreement on unified methodology and operating approaches is needed so monitoring data from different sources can be compared.

DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006696 · PMID: 11878427

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11878427/

Study type: exposure_assessment

Radiation protection dosimetry · 2001 · PubMed

The paper describes procedures to estimate long-term exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields near power lines, including assessing correlation between line current variation and measured magnetic induction. For a school near two lines on the same supports, a range of most probable exposure values is provided corresponding to phase changes of the two current fluxes.

DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006697 · PMID: 11878428

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11878428/

Study type: engineering

Radiation protection dosimetry · 2001 · PubMed

Numerical open-site electric-field estimations for a commercial base station antenna (using FDTD and near-to-far field transformation) were compared with experimental measurements. The authors report good agreement with measured values only when the complex phase of plane waves, two independent polarization states, and a ground-reflected contribution (computed with Fresnel formulae for stratified ground) are included.

DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006698 · PMID: 11878429

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11878429/

Study type: animal

In vivo (Athens, Greece) · 2001 · PubMed

BALB/c mice exposed to 50 MHz radiation (80% modulated at 16 Hz) showed increased ETS1 mRNA and protein expression in spleen, while ETS2 protein levels decreased, compared with controls.

PMID: 11887334

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11887334/

Study type: other

Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanita · 2001 · PubMed

Circumferential pulmonary vein ostial ablation was performed in 127 AF patients with 135 ± 18 radiofrequency pulses. After 14.7 ± 3.3 months follow-up, 84 paroxysmal and 22 chronic AF patients were in sinus rhythm, and 75 of those were without antiarrhythmic drugs. The extent of low-voltage potentials within and just around the lesions distinguished patients with and without successful ablation.

PMID: 11889957

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11889957/