Study type: animal

Bioelectromagnetics · 1994 · Manual

After 45 min exposure to pulsed 2450 MHz microwaves (1 mW/cm2; average whole-body SAR 0.6 W/kg), rats showed retarded learning in the radial-arm maze, interpreted as a deficit in spatial working memory. The behavioral deficit was reversed by pretreatment with physostigmine or naltrexone, but not by naloxone methiodide.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250150202 · PMID: 8024608

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8024608/

Study type: animal

Bioelectromagnetics · 1994 · PubMed

In DMH-initiated mice, tumor incidence did not significantly differ among DMH-only, DMH+microwave, and DMH+TPA groups (P > 0.25). No differences were found between DMH-only and DMH+microwave groups for tumor incidence and other reported tumor measures (P > 0.25), while the DMH+TPA group had higher tumor number, larger tumors, and higher incidence of protuberant/infiltrative types compared with DMH-only and DMH+microwave (P < 0.05).

DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250150606 · PMID: 7880166

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7880166/

Study type: in_vitro

Bioelectromagnetics · 1994 · PubMed

After 120 min of 2.45 GHz microwave exposure (6 mW/g), PNPA diffusion through the liposome lipid bilayer increased about twofold compared with temperature controls, with a time-dependent effect. Enzyme activity increased over 120 min (22.3% to 80%), and higher stearylamine concentration reduced activity at 120 min (80% to 65%). No enzyme leakage was observed.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250150405 · PMID: 7980659

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7980659/

Study type: in_vitro

Microbios · 1994 · PubMed

Microwave exposure for 90 seconds was reported to provide rapid sterilization of scalpel blades contaminated with Candida albicans. SEM analysis indicated microwave irradiation induced time-dependent morphological modifications, with greater alterations at longer exposures and apparent fracturing after 9 minutes; boiling water for the same duration achieved cell death but showed no morphological alteration.

PMID: 8022308

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8022308/

Study type: animal

Radiation research · 1994 · PubMed

Rats exposed to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation at 80 mW/cm2 (CW) producing a 2.2°C rectal temperature increase showed a 48.5% decrease in canalicular membrane Mg(++)-ATPase activity (Vmax) and a 170% increase in Na+/K(+)-ATPase activity (Vmax) versus control; no significant ATPase changes were reported for an equivalent radiant heat exposure. Microwave exposure was associated with a large decrease in the saturated:unsaturated fatty acid ratio (with notable changes in arachidonic acid), while radiant heat increased this ratio; membrane fluidity differed across sham, microwave, and radiant heat groups consistent with fatty acid composition changes.

PMID: 8265788

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8265788/

Study type: other

Applied and environmental microbiology · 1994 · PubMed

Using a kinetics vessel at steady-state temperatures of 90, 100, and 110°C, inactivation rates for microwave-heated and conventionally heated spores were similar at the 95% confidence level. In a cooled-loop setup absorbing ~400 W microwave power, inactivation occurred in both irradiated and unirradiated samples and was suspected to be due to copper ion toxicity; similar results were interpreted as implying absence of nonthermal microwave effects. With a silicone tubing loop and continuous irradiation at 150 W, no detectable inactivation occurred; overall, microwave effects on spore viability were indistinguishable from conventional heating.

DOI: 10.1128/aem.60.2.482-488.1994 · PMID: 8135512

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8135512/

Physical review. B, Condensed matter · 1994 · PubMed

DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.10768 · PMID: 10009912

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10009912/

Study type: other

Australian family physician · 1994 · PubMed

The abstract poses hypotheses/questions about whether short-term non-ionising electromagnetic radiation exposure could stimulate the anterior pituitary and gonads, and whether long-term microwave exposure could cause adenoma and carcinoma. It states that more investigation is needed and does not report specific study results.

PMID: 8037629

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8037629/

Study type: other

Biofizika · 1994 · PubMed

The paper proposes a mechanism in which transit time effects of ionic transport carriers make a biological membrane behave like a dielectric diode, with conductivity and dielectric permittivity dependent on transit angles, leading to additional microwave absorption.

PMID: 8043636

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8043636/

Study type: in_vitro

Biochimica et biophysica acta · 1994 · PubMed

In unilamellar phosphatidylcholine liposomes exposed at 37.6 ± 0.5 °C, 2.45 GHz microwave exposure did not produce a non-thermal increase in permeability beyond that seen with thermal heating for the same 5–20 min intervals. The authors conclude that previously reported increased permeability was not a non-thermal microwave effect.

DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(94)90150-3 · PMID: 7918582

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7918582/

Study type: review

Medicinski arhiv · 1994 · PubMed

The article describes characteristics of microwave radiation and discusses possible effects on some biological systems under different forms of microwave irradiation, referencing experimental animals and exposed people. Specific outcomes and effect estimates are not provided in the abstract.

PMID: 7752686

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7752686/

Study type: animal

Bioelectromagnetics · 1994 · PubMed

Mice exposed chronically to 2.45 GHz CW microwaves at 10 mW/cm2 (SAR 6.8 W/kg) had a significantly shorter average life span than sham-exposed controls (572 vs 706 days; P=.049; truncation >20%). Mice exposed at 3 mW/cm2 (SAR 2.0 W/kg) had a slightly but not significantly longer average life span than controls (738 vs 706 days).

DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250150302 · PMID: 8074734

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8074734/

Study type: animal

Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 1994 · PubMed

Microwave exposure generally did not alter NSA or NR in mice pretreated with lower doses of chlordiazepoxide (8 or 16 mg/kg). In mice pretreated with 32 mg/kg chlordiazepoxide, exposure to 36 W/kg microwave radiation significantly reversed reductions in NSA and NR at 4.7 GHz but not at 1.8 GHz.

DOI: 10.1016/0091-3057(94)90286-0 · PMID: 8029254

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8029254/

Study type: in_vitro

Bioelectromagnetics · 1994 · PubMed

Sinusoidal EMF exposure at 50 Hz and 100–2000 microT (rms) showed no significant effects on tracer uptake, [Ca2+]i, pHi, or TMP in the tested cell types. EMF exposure at estimated cyclotron magnetic resonance frequencies (20–1200 microT rms) also showed no significant effects, except a 12–32% increase in 42K uptake within a window at 14.5–15.5 Hz and 100–200 microT (rms) observed in U937 and Ehrlich cells but not in other cell types.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250150611 · PMID: 7880171

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7880171/

Study type: exposure_assessment

International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health · 1994 · PubMed

Exposure levels (E and H) and effective exposure time were assessed for three worker groups at 5 AM radio stations using both conventional and computer-aided methods. The study reported a wide range of exposure levels between worker groups, depending more on the specific station and job type than on transmitter power or protective zone type.

PMID: 7921901

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7921901/

Study type: in_vitro

Life sciences · 1994 · PubMed

Murine peritoneal exudate cells exposed to 60 Hz electric field (300 V/in.), magnetic field (0.3 mT), or combined fields showed no statistically detectable changes in IL-1 alpha after 24 hours or IL-6 after 48 hours compared with controls (one-way ANOVA).

DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(94)90162-7 · PMID: 8107523

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8107523/

Study type: unknown

Neuroreport · 1994 · PubMed

Ten subjects exposed to a 10 Hz, 1 gauss electromagnetic field for 10 minutes showed significantly reduced 10 Hz brain electrical activity at occipital electrodes during the 1-minute interval after exposure compared with control values from the same subjects.

DOI: 10.1097/00001756-199401120-00036 · PMID: 8003686

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8003686/

Study type: other

Journal of the neurological sciences · 1994 · PubMed

In 19 subjects exposed to 1.5- and 10-Hz EMFs (0.2–0.4 gauss) in 2-second epochs, spectral analysis of EEG indicated altered brain electrical activity at the frequency of the applied EMF during stimulation.

DOI: 10.1016/0022-510x(94)90199-6 · PMID: 8064317

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8064317/

Study type: other

Mutation research · 1994 · PubMed

In an in situ Tradescantia-micronucleus bioassay, higher micronucleus (MCN) frequencies than laboratory controls were observed at exposure sites in the immediate vicinity of broadcasting antennae (10–21 MHz), where IRPA electric field strength standards were exceeded; most sites showed statistically significant increases. A parallel exposure using a non-shielding mesh cage versus a Faraday-type shielding cage showed significant differences, with the shielding cage not differing significantly from laboratory controls, supporting attribution of the effect to short-wave radiation from the antennae.

DOI: 10.1016/0165-7992(94)90069-8 · PMID: 7515472

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7515472/

Study type: in_vitro

Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France) · 1994 · PubMed

Using the single cell gel assay, the EMF exposure system used in this study appeared to have no direct effect on DNA single strand break/DNA damage induction across a series of experiments. EMF also did not significantly potentiate DNA damage in cells treated with oxidative stresses.

PMID: 8061573

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8061573/

Study type: animal

Reviews on environmental health · 1994 · PubMed

Repeated exposures to 50 Hz magnetic fields at 10 mT (professional/therapeutic device-related) or 6 µT (environmental level) showed no significant alterations in avian or mammalian embryogenesis. No significant differences were found with different field vectors.

DOI: 10.1515/reveh.1994.10.3-4.225 · PMID: 7724883

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7724883/

Study type: other

Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis · 1994 · PubMed

In a pretest-posttest evaluation of a brochure communicating EMF health risks, respondents’ naive beliefs about the potential for EMF exposure to cause harm were highly influenced by specific content elements of the brochure.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1994.tb00293.x · PMID: 7800866

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7800866/

Study type: case_report

The International journal of neuroscience · 1994 · PubMed

Three women with multiple sclerosis received 4 to 5 sessions of extracranial extremely weak electromagnetic fields in the picotesla range. Mean word output on the Thurstone Word-Fluency Test increased from 42.6 +/- 1.1 words pre-treatment to 83.3 +/- 14.0 words post-treatment (reported as a 100% increase), approaching the mean of age/sex/education-matched controls (79.0 +/- 6.2 words).

DOI: 10.3109/00207459408986069 · PMID: 7744553

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7744553/

Study type: case_report

The International journal of neuroscience · 1994 · PubMed

A 49-year-old drug-naive Parkinson's disease patient reportedly showed marked improvement in motor symptoms, depressive symptomatology, and cognitive functions after brief extracranial applications of picotesla electromagnetic fields, with Hoehn and Yahr stage changing from 3 to 1 several weeks later.

DOI: 10.3109/00207459408986071 · PMID: 7744555

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7744555/

Study type: exposure_assessment

IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering · 1994 · PubMed

Induced electric currents from 60 Hz magnetic fields were computed in realistic models of man, rat, and mouse using the impedance method. Results compared different species, tissue conductivities, and magnetic field orientations.

DOI: 10.1109/10.335839 · PMID: 8001990

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8001990/

Study type: review

American family physician · 1994 · PubMed

PMID: 7942421

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7942421/

Study type: case_report

The International journal of neuroscience · 1994 · PubMed

In three patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis, brief external applications of pulsed AC electromagnetic fields at 7.5 pT intensity reduced intention and postural tremors and were associated with significant functional improvement.

DOI: 10.3109/00207459408986081 · PMID: 7744562

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7744562/

Study type: animal

Microsc Res Tech · 1994 · Manual

Albumin leakage was observed in 5/62 controls and 56/184 rats exposed to 915 MHz microwaves. Continuous wave exposure produced 14/35 positive findings, reported as significantly different from controls (P = 0.002).

DOI: 10.1002/jemt.1070270608 · PMID: 8012056

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8012056/