Study type: cohort

Am J Ind Med · 1993 · Manual

In a cohort of 340 police officers, six incident cases of testicular cancer occurred between 1979 and 1991 (O/E 6.9; p < 0.001). Occupational use of hand-held radar was reported as the only shared risk factor among the six cases, with routine close proximity of the radar gun to the testicles.

DOI: 10.1002/ajim.4700240209 · PMID: 8213849

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8213849/

Study type: animal

Radiobiologiia · 1993 · PubMed

Repeated microwave exposure (1 mW/cm2) inhibited the anaphylactic response in some guinea pigs and was accompanied by increased blood histamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. The increases were more pronounced in irradiated guinea pigs that died from anaphylactic shock than in nonirradiated animals. Long-term stay in a weak, perturbed geomagnetic field reduced the effect induced by microwave radiation.

PMID: 8469740

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8469740/

Physical review. A, Atomic, molecular, and optical physics · 1993 · PubMed

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.47.r1612 · PMID: 9909214

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9909214/

Study type: animal

Radiation research · 1993 · PubMed

A single 30-min microwave exposure (80 mW/cm2, 2.45 GHz, continuous wave; SAR ~72 W/kg) or a matched radiant-energy thermal load (both raising core temperature ~3°C) decreased canalicular membrane permeability to sucrose but not to mannitol, and produced a rapidly reversible increase in bile flow rate. After four daily 30-min exposures, both microwave and matched thermal load depressed bile flow rate at normothermic temperatures; microwave exposure decreased permeability to both sucrose and mannitol, while thermal load altered permeability to sucrose only. Hepatic clearance of sucrose and mannitol after acute microwave exposure showed no significant differences.

PMID: 8475254

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8475254/

Study type: animal

Perceptual and motor skills · 1993 · PubMed

In four rats tested in a cold environment, Friedman's test indicated significant differences among aspirin doses and saline control on operant responding reinforced by microwave radiation. Post hoc tests suggested a moderate aspirin dose increased responding, while lower and higher doses decreased and then increased responding, producing an inverted U-shaped trend.

DOI: 10.2466/pms.1993.77.1.187 · PMID: 8367238

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8367238/

Study type: in_vitro

Folia biologica · 1993 · PubMed

Microwave radiation at 2.54 GHz was reported to induce lipid peroxidation in phosphatidylcholine liposomes, assessed via absorption spectra of conjugated dienes. The abstract notes a discussion of how this relates to previously observed microwave-enhanced liposome permeability.

PMID: 8206170

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8206170/

Study type: other

Biomedizinische Technik. Biomedical engineering · 1993 · PubMed

In a worst-case scenario, eye heating was observed but was mainly attributed to conventional heating rather than microwave radiation. Significant microwave-related heating occurred only when increased scattered radiation was simulated by disabling safety contacts and opening the door; with a 2.3 cm door gap, the microwave component was ≤16% of a 5°C increase after 1 hour, and with a 2.6 cm gap, 15 minutes exposure contributed 50% of a 2°C increase. The authors conclude that eye damage from use of microwave ovens can be excluded based on these results.

DOI: 10.1515/bmte.1993.38.1-2.17 · PMID: 8461443

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8461443/

Study type: exposure_assessment

Acupuncture & electro-therapeutics research · 1993 · PubMed

Exposure to EMFs from personal computers, color TVs, microwave ovens, and cellular phones induced transient molecular abnormalities related to cancer markers and neurotransmitters at the EMF entry and exit areas on the body. Effects varied by source and included decreases in Acetylcholine and appearances of oncogen markers and circulatory disturbance indicators.

DOI: 10.3727/036012993816357601 · PMID: 7684553

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7684553/

Study type: other

Bioelectromagnetics · 1993 · PubMed

The paper proposes an empirical model to compute multiple potentially “active” AC/DC magnetic-field combinations as a function of DC magnetic field strength and to define an exposure rating system based on proximity of power-line AC frequencies (and harmonics) to computed effective frequencies. For 60 Hz and 50 Hz, the highest exposure scores occurred at DC field strengths of 506 mG and 422 mG, respectively. Two scoring variants are described: one treating all detectable harmonics (up to 660 Hz) equally, and another weighting contributions by relative harmonic intensities.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250140504 · PMID: 8285915

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8285915/

Study type: animal

Mutation research · 1993 · PubMed

After long-term exposure of rats to a 50-Hz, 30-mT magnetic field for 7 or 28 days, magnetic-field exposure did not influence sister-chromatid exchange frequencies or proliferation characteristics in cultured peripheral lymphocytes. Cyclophosphamide (positive control) showed effects in contrast to magnetic-field exposure.

DOI: 10.1016/0165-7992(93)90088-d · PMID: 7683105

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7683105/

Study type: animal

Bollettino della Societa italiana di biologia sperimentale · 1993 · PubMed

In ovariectomized female rats treated 1 hour/day for 4 months with 50 Hz pulsed magnetic fields, 30 Gauss maximum intensity slowed bone mass loss to within about 10%. With 70 Gauss maximum intensity, no significant bone mass loss was observed.

PMID: 8155304

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8155304/

Study type: animal

Biology of reproduction · 1993 · PubMed

Female lambs continuously exposed from 2 to 10 months of age beneath a 500-kV transmission line (mean electric field 6 kV/m; mean magnetic field 40 mG) showed no differences versus controls in nighttime melatonin secretion pattern (amplitude, phase, duration). Age at puberty and number of subsequent estrous cycles also did not differ between exposed and control groups.

DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod49.4.857 · PMID: 8218652

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8218652/

Study type: review

Acupuncture & electro-therapeutics research · 1993 · PubMed

The paper discusses fundamental principles of electromagnetic field radiation, including physical characteristics of electric and magnetic fields, everyday sources, detection/measurement methods, instrument considerations, and issues/misconceptions about shielding and exposure reduction.

DOI: 10.3727/036012993816357575 · PMID: 8098895

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8098895/

Study type: case_control

Boletin medico del Hospital Infantil de Mexico · 1993 · PubMed

In this hospital-based case-control study (81 cases, 77 controls), reported residential proximity to multiple EMF-generating sources had odds ratios above 1. The highest reported associations were for living near high-voltage distribution lines (OR 2.63, 95% CI 1.26–5.36) and transmission lines (OR 2.5, 95% CI 0.97–6.67); multivariate analysis indicated the risk persisted only for distribution lines.

PMID: 8427647

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8427647/

Study type: review

American Industrial Hygiene Association journal · 1993 · PubMed

The paper summarizes occupational power-frequency electric and magnetic field measurement data, noting that exposures are highly variable in space and time and that exposure distributions are strongly skewed, implying large sample sizes and multiple statistical descriptors may be needed. It states that workplace electric and magnetic field levels are often comparable to residential levels unless high-voltage (electric fields) or high-current (magnetic fields) sources are present, and identifies several utility and other job categories with relatively higher exposures.

DOI: 10.1080/15298669391354522 · PMID: 8480632

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8480632/

Study type: animal

The Tokai journal of experimental and clinical medicine · 1993 · PubMed

In two groups of 10 rats undergoing 70% jejunoileal resection, the group receiving EMF stimulation (43.20 gauss for 10 days) showed augmented mucosal adaptation in the proximal and distal remaining small intestine compared with no stimulation.

PMID: 7940605

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7940605/

Study type: animal

The Tokai journal of experimental and clinical medicine · 1993 · PubMed

EMF stimulation significantly increased intestinal wound healing in normal rats at postoperative days 7 and 14. Dexamethasone significantly impaired healing (decreased TS and OH-P), and EMF stimulation significantly reversed this inhibitory effect.

PMID: 7940606

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7940606/

Study type: in_vitro

Journal of environmental pathology, toxicology and oncology : official organ of the International Society for Environmental Toxicology and Cancer · 1993 · PubMed

In Chinese hamster V79 cells exposed to a 50-Hz sinusoidal EMF at 2 G, no modification of mutation frequency (HGPRT- mutants) was observed. Survival/viability results were contrasting: plating 10^2 cells showed reduced colonies (about 50% after 10 days), while seeding 2×10^5 cells or more showed no reduction in viability.

PMID: 8189366

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8189366/

Study type: other

Medical hypotheses · 1993 · PubMed

The paper discusses questions in research on associations between EMF exposure and cancer and emphasizes the need for more accurate exposure assessment. It presents a molecular biological model suggesting EMF may have characteristics compatible with a cancer promoter and hypothesizes EMF effects may be linked with other (unknown) initiator agents rather than acting alone.

DOI: 10.1016/0306-9877(93)90027-n · PMID: 8231974

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8231974/

Mutation research · 1993 · PubMed

DOI: 10.1016/0165-7992(93)90006-h · PMID: 7690904

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7690904/

Study type: case_control

Cancer causes & control : CCC · 1993 · PubMed

Using workplace measurements (1,015 workplaces) and the job held longest in the 10 years before diagnosis, higher average daily mean EMF exposure was associated with increased odds of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (dose-response across three exposure levels: OR 1.1, 2.2, 3.0). No association was observed for acute myeloid leukemia across exposure levels. For brain tumors, risk estimates were 1.0, 1.5, and 1.4 across exposure levels, with the strongest association reported for prolonged high levels (high median values).

DOI: 10.1007/bf00050866 · PMID: 8218879

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8218879/