Study type: animal

Brain Res · 1984 · Manual

Significantly elevated sodium fluorescein levels were found only in brains of conscious rats made considerably hyperthermic (colonic temperatures >41.0°C) by either ambient heat exposure for 90 min or 2450 MHz continuous-wave microwave exposure at 65 mW/cm2 (SAR ~13 W/kg) for 30 or 90 min. In microwave-exposed rats, fluorescein levels in cortex and hypothalamus appeared to increase with longer exposure duration, while this trend was not apparent in cerebellum or medulla. The authors suggest the increased fluorescein levels most likely represent technically derived artifact rather than blood-brain barrier breakdown.

DOI: 10.1016/0165-0173(84)90021-3 · PMID: 6733539

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6733539/

Study type: in_vitro

Physiological chemistry and physics and medical NMR · 1984 · PubMed

Human erythrocytes exposed to 2450 MHz microwave radiation (average SAR 0.4 W/kg) for 20 minutes showed temperature- and condition-dependent effects. Microwave exposure significantly decreased spontaneous hemolysis of untreated cells at 42°C (no effect at 37°C or 48°C), enhanced a CDNB membrane-stabilizing effect at 42°C, increased hemolysis of WGA-HRP coated cells at 42°C, and showed no microwave effect in cells treated with both WGA-HRP and CDNB (with increased fragility at 48°C without a microwave effect).

PMID: 6097927

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6097927/

Study type: in_vitro

Bioelectromagnetics · 1984 · PubMed

Exposure to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation at 10 or 100 mW/g had no effect on mitochondrial respiration states or respiratory control index with succinate substrate. With glutamate substrate, 100 mW/g exposure increased states 2 and 4 and decreased respiratory control index in loosely coupled mitochondria.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250050105 · PMID: 6143563

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6143563/

Przeglad lekarski · 1984 · PubMed

PMID: 6397778

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6397778/

Study type: animal

Bioelectromagnetics · 1984 · PubMed

Across measured fetal parameters (body/brain weight; brain RNA, DNA, protein), values in radiated fetuses did not differ significantly from sham-exposed fetuses. No micrencephalous fetuses were identified in the radiation group using the stated regression criterion, and DNA-derived metrics (cell number and cell size) also showed no significant differences versus sham.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250050304 · PMID: 6487382

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6487382/

Study type: other

Bioelectromagnetics · 1984 · PubMed

Irradiated birds generally maintained their positions within the flock hierarchy (with one exception). Some irradiated birds appeared to have a change in their level of aggression after exposure.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250050306 · PMID: 6487384

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6487384/

Sheng li ke xue jin zhan [Progress in physiology] · 1984 · PubMed

PMID: 6515398

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6515398/

Study type: in_vitro

Bioelectromagnetics · 1984 · PubMed

Exposure to 915 MHz microwave radiation at SAR values of 0.05 and 1 mW/g caused a significant increase in calcium ion efflux from human neuroblastoma cells compared to controls. The increase at 0.05 mW/g required 16 Hz amplitude modulation, while the increase at 1 mW/g did not.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250050108 · PMID: 6712751

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6712751/

Study type: in_vitro

Bioelectromagnetics · 1984 · PubMed

In membrane-free acetylcholinesterase exposed in-field to 2,450-MHz pulsed microwave radiation, no significant changes in enzyme activity were observed across a range of power densities, pulse widths, repetition rates, and duty cycles.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250050205 · PMID: 6732873

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6732873/

Study type: animal

Bioelectromagnetics · 1984 · PubMed

In rats exposed for 45 min to 2,450-MHz pulsed microwaves (1 mW/cm2; SAR 0.6 W/kg), microwave exposure did not significantly change the extent of pentobarbital-induced colonic temperature fall when exposure preceded pentobarbital injection, but recovery from hypothermia was slower and time to regain righting reflex was longer. When rats were anesthetized first and then exposed, microwaves significantly retarded the pentobarbital-induced temperature fall regardless of orientation; recovery from hypothermia and righting reflex recovery were faster in posterior-exposed animals compared with anterior-exposed and sham-irradiated animals.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250050208 · PMID: 6732876

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6732876/

Study type: animal

Bioelectromagnetics · 1984 · PubMed

Isolated frog hearts exposed to 2,450-MHz continuous-wave radiation at 2 and 8.55 W/kg showed an accelerated decrease in heart rate only in groups where heart rate was recorded using a 3-M KCl glass electrode or a metal wire in the Ringer's solution electrode. No effect was found in groups recorded with ultrasound probe, tension transducer, or Ringer's solution glass electrode. The authors attribute the observed bradycardia to electrode artifacts from intensified electromagnetic fields rather than a direct exposure effect.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250050213 · PMID: 6732881

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6732881/

Study type: in_vitro

Bioelectromagnetics · 1984 · PubMed

Microwave exposure (2450 MHz, 60 mW/g, CW) increased Na passive transport in rabbit erythrocytes only at membrane phase transition temperatures (Tc 17–19°C), and this effect was enhanced under relative hypoxia (pO2 ≤ 5 mm Hg). At Tc, exposure also induced shedding/release of erythrocyte proteins (including two proteins not seen in sham controls and enhanced shedding of at least seven others ≤28,000 D); sham-exposed temperature-matched controls did not show these effects.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250050215 · PMID: 6732882

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6732882/

Study type: exposure_assessment

Health physics · 1984 · PubMed

Whole-body SAR decreased with increasing body weight/size, with a reported 12-fold lower whole-body SAR in 5 g pups compared with 320 g adults. Local SARs exceeded whole-body SARs: colon local SAR was slightly higher for 40–320 g animals and ~2.5× higher for 10–30 g animals; brain local SAR was ~2–3× higher than whole-body SAR for 20–320 g animals.

DOI: 10.1097/00004032-198402000-00007 · PMID: 6693262

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6693262/

Study type: animal

Radiation research · 1984 · PubMed

Pregnant rats exposed throughout pregnancy to 6000-MHz microwave radiation (35 mW/cm2) showed no significant increase in maternal body temperature. Irradiated fetuses had slight but statistically significant growth retardation at term, and term maternal monocyte count was significantly depressed; other measured parameters did not differ versus controls.

PMID: 6695049

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6695049/

Study type: animal

Radiation research · 1984 · PubMed

Exposure to 6000-MHz microwave radiation at 35 mW/cm2 during pregnancy resulted in significant differences in fetal weight, developmental milestones, behavioral test results, and organ/body weight ratios, indicating subtle long-term neurophysiologic alterations not detectable by conventional teratologic methods at term.

PMID: 6695050

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6695050/

Study type: cross_sectional

Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) · 1984 · PubMed

In 1980, about 15% of mothers of live infants and 23% of mothers with stillbirths reported a medical X-ray procedure during pregnancy. About 34% of mothers in the 1980 National Natality Survey and 53% of mothers in the 1980 National Fetal Mortality Survey had ultrasound exposure during pregnancy; exposure rates were higher among mothers of low birth weight infants than among those with normal weight infants.

PMID: 6424163

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6424163/

Study type: animal

Health physics · 1984 · PubMed

Compared with sham irradiation (0 mW/cm2), exposure to 2450-MHz continuous-wave microwaves at 40 mW/cm2 (SAR 6.0 W/kg) for 100 min/day on gestation days 6–15 produced significantly lower mean fetal body weight (9% lower; p=0.0008) and significantly delayed sternal ossification (p=0.007) on gestation day 21. No significant differences were reported for pregnancy rates, numbers of live/dead/total fetuses, or incidences of external, visceral, or skeletal anomalies/variations.

DOI: 10.1097/00004032-198403000-00004 · PMID: 6698781

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6698781/

Vrachebnoe delo · 1984 · PubMed

PMID: 6719889

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6719889/

Ginekologia polska · 1984 · PubMed

PMID: 6500314

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6500314/

Study type: engineering

Respiration physiology · 1984 · PubMed

A remote method to determine breathing frequency in unrestrained mice was described using a rectangular waveguide at 2450 MHz. Rhythmic changes in microwave power transmitted through the waveguide tracked inspiration/expiration due to changes in the mouse’s absorption, enabling breathing frequency recording without attached leads or implanted probes.

DOI: 10.1016/0034-5687(84)90131-2 · PMID: 6739999

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6739999/

Medical & biological engineering & computing · 1984 · PubMed

DOI: 10.1007/bf02442754 · PMID: 6738133

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6738133/

Study type: review

Ophthalmology · 1984 · PubMed

The review describes multiple cataractogenic stresses in humans, including radiation cataracts from X-irradiation, near UV radiation, and microwave radiation. It notes that oxidative stress is a common denominator of many changes in senile cataract and describes protein aggregation/insolubilization processes in senile cataract.

DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(84)34252-x · PMID: 6431351

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6431351/

Study type: animal

Biulleten' eksperimental'noi biologii i meditsiny · 1984 · PubMed

In rabbits, local irradiation of exposed cerebral cortex with 2450 MHz microwaves (5–40 W) produced hyperemia and hyperoxia in the exposed zone, attributed to a hyperthermal effect. Irradiation of the medulla oblongata at low power not leading to hyperthermia increased circulation and oxygen tension across the whole brain, reportedly due to impaired regulation of cerebral blood flow and oxygen supply.

PMID: 6466826

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6466826/

Study type: in_vitro

International journal of radiation biology and related studies in physics, chemistry, and medicine · 1984 · PubMed

Human blood specimens exposed to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation at specific energy absorption rates of 104 or 193 W/kg (below 36°C) showed chromosome damage that did not exceed control levels, including unstable chromosome/chromatid aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges.

DOI: 10.1080/09553008414551211 · PMID: 6332088

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6332088/

Study type: review

Current problems in pediatrics · 1984 · PubMed

The review states that microwave radiation exposures below maximal permissible levels present no measurable risk to the embryo, and that diagnostic ultrasound exposure is described as quite innocuous. For ionizing radiation, animal and human data are described as supporting no increase in gross congenital malformations, intrauterine growth retardation, or abortion with exposures below 5 rad, while noting uncertainty about risks at lower doses and about the dose-response relationship for other endpoints.

DOI: 10.1016/0045-9380(84)90030-6 · PMID: 6389017

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6389017/

Zhonghua fu chan ke za zhi · 1984 · PubMed

PMID: 6536437

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6536437/

Study type: animal

Radiation research · 1984 · PubMed

Pregnant mice exposed to 2450 MHz continuous-wave microwave radiation at an average power density of 30 mW/cm2 for 8 hr/day during gestation days 1–6 or 6–15 showed no changes in peripheral blood total or differential leukocyte counts on day 18 of pregnancy. No effects were observed in erythroid or myeloid mitotic indices in bone marrow.

PMID: 6494447

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6494447/

Study type: randomized_trial

Clinical orthopaedics and related research · 1984 · PubMed

In this randomized controlled study of 30 women with Colles' fractures, the treated group (ELF EMF, 1–1000 Hz, 4 gauss RMS) had significantly higher Tc-MDP activity ratios in the fracture area at 1 and 2 weeks compared with controls. The authors state the clinical relevance is not known, but suggest the findings may indicate accelerated early fracture healing.

PMID: 6233054

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6233054/