Study type: animal

Mutat Res · 1983 · Manual

Adult male mice exposed (posterior half-body) to 2.45 GHz microwaves at 44 W/kg for 30 min showed decreased sperm count and increased abnormal sperm morphology, with maximal responses 2–4 weeks post-exposure. The authors conclude reduced male fertility correlated well with reduced pregnancy rate but less well with pre-implantation survival, and state that sperm achieving fertilization could not have carried a dominant mutation causing post-implantation embryo death.

DOI: 10.1016/0165-7992(83)90054-4 · PMID: 6656806

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6656806/

Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju · 1983 · PubMed

PMID: 6680014

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6680014/

Study type: animal

Teratology · 1983 · PubMed

No remarkable differences were observed between microwave-exposed and sham-irradiated control groups for the histologic or quantitative parameters examined. The study did not demonstrate a significant effect of 10 mW/cm2, 2,450 MHz exposure during embryonic, fetal, and postnatal periods on rat brain development.

DOI: 10.1002/tera.1420280312 · PMID: 6665739

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6665739/

Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju · 1983 · PubMed

PMID: 6388533

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6388533/

Study type: animal

Biology of the neonate · 1983 · PubMed

Daily gestational exposure to 2,450 MHz microwaves at 40 mW/cm2 (thermal) significantly inhibited embryonal and fetal development and increased intrafetal bleedings, resorptions, and fetal deaths. Pups of dams exposed for the whole gestation at thermal doses showed markedly depressed nonspecific resistance to viral and bacterial infections; no such effects were found at 10 mW/cm2 (subthermal).

DOI: 10.1159/000241749 · PMID: 6652148

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6652148/

Study type: animal

Problemy medycyny wieku rozwojowego · 1983 · PubMed

Repeated exposure to 2450 MHz microwaves at 40 mW/cm2 (described as whole-body microwave hyperthermia) was associated with fewer blastulas and more embryos at the 2–8 blastomer stage on gestation day 4, suggesting developmental delay. Exposure at 40 mW/cm2 during the second half of pregnancy was associated with increased resorptions, stillbirths, and internal hemorrhages, and lower body mass in living fetuses compared with sham-irradiated controls.

PMID: 6674970

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6674970/

Klinika oczna · 1983 · PubMed

PMID: 6683770

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6683770/

Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevaniia · 1983 · PubMed

PMID: 6826090

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6826090/

Study type: animal

Journal of toxicology and environmental health · 1983 · PubMed

In preliminary work (24 rats), 20 mW/cm2 at 2450 MHz did not significantly increase maternal body temperature. In the main study (75 pregnant rats; 12 exposed, 4 sham, 59 environmental controls), no significant alterations were observed in maternal weight gain, maternal organ weights at term, term fetal weight, resorption rate, or fetal abnormality rate; authors conclude the exposure was not embryopathic under these conditions.

DOI: 10.1080/15287398309530318 · PMID: 6827623

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6827623/

Study type: animal

Journal of toxicology and environmental health · 1983 · PubMed

In offspring of rats prenatally exposed to 2450-MHz microwave radiation (20 mW/cm2), analyses found no significant malformations and no significant alterations in neonatal physiologic/reflex measures, body/organ weight ratios, or adult breeding results. Five of six adult behavioral tests showed no significant alterations; activity differed by sex between irradiated and control offspring, with irradiated offspring reported as more active.

DOI: 10.1080/15287398309530319 · PMID: 6827624

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6827624/

Study type: animal

Bioelectromagnetics · 1983 · PubMed

Turkey sperm exposed in vitro to 2.45-GHz microwave radiation for 30 minutes at SAR 10 or 50 mW/g, with temperature maintained at 25 or 40.5°C, showed no effect on fertilizing capacity under the experimental conditions.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250040105 · PMID: 6838666

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6838666/

Study type: animal

Bioelectromagnetics · 1983 · PubMed

Adult male rats were exposed to 2880-MHz pulsed microwaves at various SARs and durations, with sham exposure and a 40°C hyperthermia comparison. Flame photometry suggested SAR thresholds for changes in salivary gland ions of 6.8 W/kg (Na+), 6.8 W/kg (K+), and 6.3 W/kg (Ca2+). Ion shift directions in salivary glands were reported as similar for microwave exposure and hyperthermia; at 1 h, Na+ increased (59.5% microwaves; 68.7% hyperthermia) and K+ decreased (21.7% microwaves; 29.6% hyperthermia).

DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250040106 · PMID: 6838667

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6838667/

Study type: animal

Bioelectromagnetics · 1983 · PubMed

In two 90-day experiments (0.5 and 5 mW/cm2), a statistically significant decrease in food consumption was observed only during the 5 mW/cm2 exposure (P<.01). Other measured variables, including body mass, blood-related measures, eye exams for cataracts, and pathological examinations, were not significantly different between exposed and sham-exposed rabbits.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250040107 · PMID: 6838668

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6838668/

Study type: animal

Bioelectromagnetics · 1983 · PubMed

Rats exposed to pulse-modulated 1.3 GHz microwave radiation (mean dose rate 6.3 mW/g) for 6 h/day for nine days showed no statistically significant differences versus sham controls in organ masses, daily sperm production, sperm morphology, or epididymal sperm counts. In surrogate animals, this dose rate was associated with a net body temperature increase of 1.5°C.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250040202 · PMID: 6870965

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6870965/

Study type: in_vitro

Radiation research · 1983 · PubMed

In vitro exposure to 2450 MHz continuous-wave microwaves during stages of the microtubule polymerization cycle showed no change in baseline turbidity or light-scattering properties at 20 or 200 mW/g SAR. EGTA-induced polymerization and cold-induced depolymerization patterns were similar between control and exposed samples, and circular dichroism spectra of purified tubulin were not influenced, suggesting no effect on tubulin secondary structure.

PMID: 6823518

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6823518/

Study type: animal

The Journal of parasitology · 1983 · PubMed

Microwave-irradiated infective larvae of Strongyloides ratti (intact or homogenized) were immunogenic in rats despite being unable to reach the intestine and mature. Upon challenge, immunized rats showed reduced eggs produced per worm, perioral plug formation, and reductions in worm numbers and size.

PMID: 6827450

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6827450/

Study type: animal

Cell biophysics · 1983 · PubMed

Gestational exposure to 2.45 GHz continuous-wave radiation (average power density 10.3 mW/cm2) did not affect pregnancy rate or litter size, but pup weight was reduced. White blood cell numbers were lower in exposed male and female pups, and differential cell counts were altered in female pups at 10 days postpartum. By 30 days postpartum, no differences were observed between sham and exposed pups for hematologic variables examined.

DOI: 10.1007/bf02788585 · PMID: 6190565

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6190565/

Study type: animal

Biulleten' eksperimental'noi biologii i meditsiny · 1983 · PubMed

In 50 animals examined 1, 10, 20, and 30 days after a single exposure to non-ionizing microwave radiation (12.6 cm wavelength; 400–500 mW/cm2), the authors report severe disturbance of glial neurons and cells with dystrophic processes throughout the spinal cord. The abstract states that the condition progresses and is associated with abnormalities of motor and other physiological functions.

PMID: 6850099

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6850099/

Study type: animal

Mutation research · 1983 · PubMed

Exposure to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation at 43 W/kg for 30 minutes did not significantly reduce post-implantation survival, indicating no mutagenic effect on male germ cells. However, pregnancy rates were significantly reduced during weeks 3 to 6 post-exposure, correlating with reduced sperm count and male fertility. Pre-implantation survival was also significantly reduced but less clearly correlated with heat response.

DOI: 10.1016/0165-1218(83)90134-9 · PMID: 6855790

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6855790/

Study type: animal

Physiology & behavior · 1983 · PubMed

Both continuous wave and pulse modulated microwave radiation at comparable dose rates (5.8 and 6.7 mW/kg) equally reduced operant response rates and elevated body temperature by 0.5 to 1.0°C. At a lower dose rate (3.6 mW/kg), response rates during timeout were reduced without measurable temperature increase, with equivalent effects for both exposure types.

DOI: 10.1016/0031-9384(83)90254-8 · PMID: 6611694

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6611694/

Study type: animal

Radiobiologiia · 1983 · PubMed

Mice and rats chronically exposed to 2375 MHz microwave radiation for 1–3 months showed substantial changes in the cellular (T-system) immunity system. The abstract reports non-thermal intensity exposure and notes latent lesions that became apparent with functional loads.

PMID: 6611886

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6611886/

Study type: engineering

Journal of biomedical engineering · 1983 · PubMed

A new microstrip transmission-line based structure is proposed and assessed for a direct-contact microwave applicator. The design is described as having very small size and weight, good matching, and a sufficiently defined and small irradiated value.

DOI: 10.1016/0141-5425(83)90103-6 · PMID: 6887826

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6887826/

Study type: animal

Radiation research · 1983 · PubMed

Embryos exposed continuously to 2.45 GHz CW microwave radiation (incident power density 5 mW/cm2; SAR 4.03 mW/g) showed significantly reduced sperm numbers and motility at 23 weeks of age (P ≤ 0.01). Fertility (percentage of fertile eggs) was significantly reduced when exposed males were mated with sham control females (72.5% vs 80.4% in sham control pairings), while sperm viability, gross morphology, and relative testicular weights were not consistently or significantly different from controls.

PMID: 6622655

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6622655/

Study type: case_report

Annals of emergency medicine · 1983 · PubMed

A single case described momentary exposure of the right hand to microwave oven irradiation, resulting in transient paresthesias and a cold, pale hand that resolved spontaneously within 60 minutes without treatment. The report notes that even momentary exposure can result in severe coagulation necrosis with possible eventual loss of the exposed extremity.

DOI: 10.1016/s0196-0644(83)80215-7 · PMID: 6625269

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6625269/

Study type: animal

Journal of applied physiology: respiratory, environmental and exercise physiology · 1983 · PubMed

Mice selected an average ambient temperature of 31°C without microwave exposure, and preferred Ta did not change until SAR at 2,450 MHz exceeded ~7.0 W/kg. During exposure with a temperature gradient, mice selected cooler Ta and kept breathing rate near baseline; when maintained at 31°C, breathing rate increased sharply when SAR exceeded ~7.0 W/kg. Breathing rate increased 0.6 breaths/min per unit SAR with a temperature gradient versus 9.6 breaths/min per unit SAR without the gradient.

DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1983.55.4.1242 · PMID: 6629957

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6629957/

Study type: review

Environmental health perspectives · 1983 · PubMed

The article discusses practical limitations of epidemiologic methods, illustrating issues in demographic, retrospective, and prospective studies using examples including a mortality study of nuclear fallout and leukemia and a prospective study of microwave radiation effects on Moscow embassy employees. For the microwave study example, limitations included reconstructing the study population, locating individuals, obtaining exposure status by questionnaire, and limited power due to a small exposed group (detecting only fairly large relative risks).

DOI: 10.1289/ehp.83523 · PMID: 6653534

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6653534/

Study type: animal

Ophthalmology · 1983 · PubMed

Rhesus monkeys' eyes were irradiated at 9.31 and 2.45 GHz at an average power density of 150 mW/cm^2. Up to the time of reporting, the authors state that microwave radiation had not resulted in deleterious ocular effects.

DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(83)34402-x · PMID: 6657200

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6657200/

Study type: other

Radiation research · 1983 · PubMed

Whole human blood was exposed to 434 MHz microwaves for 6 hours at external electric fields corresponding to free-space power densities up to 598 mW/cm^2. Increased red cell membrane fragility was seen only under conditions where the internal field strength in samples was unknown, and localized heating could not be excluded. With a known and reasonably uniform field distribution, increased membrane fragility was not observed, and the authors could not confirm previously reported nonthermal deleterious effects on erythrocytes.

PMID: 6647759

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6647759/

Study type: animal

Radiation research · 1983 · PubMed

Across three experiments, there was no consistent evidence that 2.70 GHz pulsed microwave radiation (up to 20 mW/cm2) affected pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures or altered the antiseizure efficacy of chlordiazepoxide. Microwave radiation counteracted the hypothermic effects of chlordiazepoxide without changing its antiseizure efficacy.

PMID: 6228950

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6228950/

Study type: in_vitro

FEBS letters · 1983 · PubMed

In vitro exposure to extremely low frequency EMF (square waveforms) was associated with reduced mitogen-stimulated blastogenesis of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. PHA stimulation showed strong inhibition by [3H]thymidine incorporation; ConA-induced blastogenesis was significantly inhibited within a 3–50 Hz frequency window; PWM effects were significantly affected only at 3 Hz.

DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(83)81069-2 · PMID: 6617888

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6617888/