Study type: other

Applied and environmental microbiology · 1980 · PubMed

Compared with controls, microwave-exposed S. aureus showed higher activities of malate and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenases, cytochrome oxidase, and cytoplasmic ATPase; membrane ATPase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase were unaffected; and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity decreased. Conventional heating to equivalent temperatures produced a different pattern of enzyme activity changes. Thermonuclease activity increased after 10 or 20 s microwave exposure, and the authors state the effects could not be explained solely by thermal effects.

DOI: 10.1128/aem.39.1.13-16.1980 · PMID: 6444504

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6444504/

Study type: animal

Bioelectromagnetics · 1980 · PubMed

Mice exposed to 2,450-MHz radiation (5–15 mW/cm2) for 1–17 days showed biphasic modulation of spleen lymphocyte responsiveness to mitogens, described as suppression related to microwave-activated macrophages alongside progressive direct lymphocyte stimulation peaking around day 9. Tumor cytotoxicity of killer lymphocytes after 5 or 9 days of exposure did not appear different from sham controls. Nine days of exposure at 15 mW/cm2 reduced myeloid and erythroid marrow colony-forming units by about 50%.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250010108 · PMID: 6974550

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6974550/

Study type: engineering

Bioelectromagnetics · 1980 · PubMed

A numerical model of a 5-cm lossy sphere exposed to 3,000 MHz at 30 mW/cm2 for 200 seconds estimated a temperature rise of 0.56°C near the front surface, with heat transfer by conduction and no convective dissipation.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250010309 · PMID: 7284030

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7284030/

Study type: animal

Bioelectromagnetics · 1980 · PubMed

Endotoxin-injected rats exposed for 90 minutes to 2450 MHz continuous-wave microwaves at 1 mW/cm2 had significantly higher body temperature than endotoxin-treated sham-irradiated rats, with a power-density-related magnitude (10 mW/cm2 > 5 mW/cm2 > 1 mW/cm2). Saline-injected rats exposed for 90 minutes at 5 mW/cm2 (SAR approximately 1.0 mW/g) showed no significant body temperature increase versus saline sham controls.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250010402 · PMID: 7284032

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7284032/

Study type: animal

Bioelectromagnetics · 1980 · PubMed

Japanese quail embryos exposed during the first eight days of development to 2.45-GHz continuous-wave microwaves at 5 or 20 mW/cm2 showed no changes in embryonic heart morphology or myocardial cell ultrastructure. Enzymatic activities (LDH, GOT, CPK) did not differ statistically from nonexposed controls.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250010405 · PMID: 7284035

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7284035/

Study type: exposure_assessment

Medycyna pracy · 1980 · PubMed

From 1972–1978, dissipated microwave radiation was measured around about 600 microwave devices; measured values fell into safety, dangerous, warning, and intermediate zones. Many devices showed no dissipated microwave radiation or only low values in the safety zone (examples given include low-power laboratory microwave systems, microwave blocks in EPR spectrometers, and NEC radio link transmitters), for which sporadic hygienic control was suggested.

PMID: 7421567

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7421567/

Study type: other

American journal of hospital pharmacy · 1980 · PubMed

After storage at -20°C for 48 hours and thawing to room temperature in a microwave oven, cefazolin sodium admixtures in polyvinyl chloride minibags retained at least 90% of initial antimicrobial activity after an additional four hours at room temperature. Minimal pH changes were observed and were not related to antimicrobial activity; no visual color changes were detected.

PMID: 7361792

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7361792/

Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 1980 · PubMed

PMID: 6929197

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6929197/

Study type: animal

Cancer research · 1980 · PubMed

Continuous-wave low-power-density microwave irradiation (average power density 10 mW/cm^2; range 5–50 mW/cm^2; 1.0 GHz) enhanced uptake of [3H]MTX versus nonirradiated controls, observed only over a limited power-density range (5–25 mW/cm^2) with an inverted-U-shaped relationship. Microwave irradiation alone inhibited [3H]deoxyuridine incorporation into DNA, and microwave irradiation followed by MTX augmented inhibition of DNA synthesis compared with MTX alone. In L1210-bearing mice, combined microwave irradiation and MTX prolonged survival compared with MTX alone.

PMID: 7357530

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7357530/

Study type: animal

Brain research · 1980 · PubMed

Autoradiographic [14C]2-deoxy-D-glucose mapping showed that pulsed microwave exposure produced symmetrical uptake in auditory nuclei despite unilateral middle ear ablation, consistent with bypassing the middle ear in eliciting auditory responses. Four animals exposed to continuous-wave microwave radiation showed responses at auditory nuclei at power densities of 2.5 and 10 mW/sq cm. In two rats with one cochlea destroyed, uptake patterns during CW exposure resembled non-exposed animals, supporting a cochlear origin for CW microwave-induced auditory responses; no qualitative effects outside the auditory system were found under the stated exposure conditions.

DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(80)90204-8 · PMID: 7370731

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7370731/

Radiation research · 1980 · PubMed

PMID: 7375632

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7375632/

Study type: other

American journal of hospital pharmacy · 1980 · PubMed

Fifteen ampuls with precipitate heated to 60°C in a microwave oven and fifteen heated in a water bath, compared with 15 unheated controls, all met USP concentration requirements with no significant decrease in potency. Microwave-heated ampuls showed a statistically significant mean pH drop of 0.03 units (p<0.05) but remained within the USP pH range (8.6–9.0) and this did not affect stability or solubility; precipitate could be redissolved using microwave heating without significantly affecting stability.

PMID: 7386478

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7386478/

Annals of science · 1980 · PubMed

DOI: 10.1080/00033798000200271 · PMID: 11610730

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11610730/

Study type: in_vitro

Cell biophysics · 1980 · PubMed

Mast cells exposed at 2450 MHz with power absorptions of 8.2 or 41.0 mW/g for up to 3 h showed no change in morphology or viability. At 37°C, neither prior nor simultaneous irradiation affected 48/80-induced histamine secretion, but at 44°C, 41.0 mW/g inhibited secretion; the inhibition could be explained by a radiation-induced temperature increase of ~0.4–0.9°C or by heat stress sensitizing cells to microwave effects.

DOI: 10.1007/bf02795839 · PMID: 6159087

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6159087/

Study type: animal

The Journal of microwave power · 1980 · PubMed

Field-induced changes in heart-beat rate were observed at 80 mW/cm2 continuous-wave exposure but not at lower average power densities (5 mW/cm2). The authors note a possible peak positive chronotropic effect with pulsed microwaves triggered 100 and 200 ms after the R wave. No cumulative effect was observed over four months, and thermography suggested relatively little myocardial absorption regardless of exposure aspect.

PMID: 6904510

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6904510/

Radiation research · 1980 · PubMed

PMID: 6992191

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6992191/

Radiation research · 1980 · PubMed

PMID: 7384419

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7384419/

Study type: policy

Science (New York, N.Y.) · 1980 · PubMed

The article analyzes scientific research and values that influenced policy decisions leading to adoption of the 1966 U.S. standard for microwave radiation exposure. It suggests standard setting should remain distinct from basic scientific research and that adversary procedures be used only as a last resort when seeking consensus on a proposed standard.

DOI: 10.1126/science.6990492 · PMID: 6990492

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6990492/

Study type: cohort

American journal of epidemiology · 1980 · PubMed

In cohorts with maximum versus minimum opportunity for radar-related microwave exposure, no adverse effects were detected in mortality, hospitalization, or VA disability compensation that could be attributed to potential microwave radiation exposures during 1950-1954.

DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112975 · PMID: 7395854

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7395854/

Radiobiologiia · 1980 · PubMed

PMID: 7413954

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7413954/

Study type: other

Journal of food protection · 1980 · PubMed

Pure cultures of psychrotrophic bacteria in nutrient broth showed dramatic reductions in counts after short microwave exposures (5–20 sec); in some cases initial counts were reduced to zero after 15 sec with a reported temperature of 60°C. Raw poultry parts and chicken skin showed reductions in total counts (e.g., 1 log in 20 sec; 2 logs in 40 sec; and reductions reported after 30 sec), and refrigerated storage of microwave-treated chicken parts suggested increased shelf life.

DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-43.8.651 · PMID: 30822979

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30822979/

Study type: other

Journal of food protection · 1980 · PubMed

Wool samples infested with webbing clothes moth eggs, larvae, and adults were exposed to 2450 MHz microwave radiation for 0.5 to 5 minutes to determine the lowest lethal level for each stage. The authors report microwaves could disinfect wool textiles without significant dye color change and had little effect on fabric strength and wrinkle recovery.

DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-43.8.658 · PMID: 30822981

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30822981/

Study type: review

Journal of food protection · 1980 · PubMed

The article describes the wave/particle dual nature of electromagnetic radiation and explains principles relevant to emission, transmission, and absorption of microwaves used for heating and food processing. It discusses properties of electromagnetic waves and notes some effects in microwave-heating applications.

DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-43.8.618 · PMID: 30822982

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30822982/

Study type: review

Journal of food protection · 1980 · PubMed

This review describes biological effects of microwave radiation, dividing them into thermal and nonthermal effects. It notes that most research discussed focuses on thermal effects on biological organs under various controlled power densities.

DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-43.8.625 · PMID: 30822988

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30822988/

Radiation research · 1980 · PubMed

PMID: 6256805

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6256805/

Study type: animal

Bioelectromagnetics · 1980 · PubMed

Rats acutely exposed to a 2.8 GHz pulsed-microwave field at average power densities of 5 and 10 mW/cm2 showed increased errors and altered within-session acquisition compared with control sessions. Exposure at 10 mW/cm2 decreased the rate of sequence completion in all animals, while results at 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mW/cm2 were generally within the control range.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250010109 · PMID: 7284018

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7284018/

Study type: animal

Bioelectromagnetics · 1980 · PubMed

The study measured power density at cage positions and performed absorption measurements in mouse carcasses, including whole-body SAR, energy-deposition patterns, and local SAR in testis. It concluded that SAR in the testis was considerably less than whole-body SAR. Exposure for 16 h at 50 mW/cm2 elevated rectal temperature but not testis temperature.

DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250010308 · PMID: 7284029

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7284029/

Study type: animal

Neurobehavioral toxicology · 1980 · PubMed

Microwave exposure alone did not affect fixed interval performance in rats. Chlorpromazine decreased response rate and patterning, diazepam had dose-dependent effects on response rate and reduced patterning. Combining microwaves with either drug did not alter the drugs' dose-effect functions.

PMID: 7290309

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7290309/

Study type: animal

Journal of environmental pathology and toxicology · 1980 · PubMed

Multiple microbial tester strains were exposed to elevated temperatures or x-band pulsed microwave radiation at various power densities. E. coli pol A- showed decreased growth at microwave power levels ≥20 mW/cm2 and at temperatures >42°C; other strains showed lethality at similar microwave intensities and elevated temperatures. The authors conclude that elevated temperatures generated by microwave exposure could produce genetic events, and that careful control is needed to distinguish potential nonthermal genetic effects from heat-induced effects.

PMID: 7003044

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7003044/

Study type: animal

TSitologiia i genetika · 1980 · PubMed

In male mice, acute and fractionated SHF microwave exposures at the stated power densities and durations did not induce mutagenic effects as assessed by dominant lethal mutations, abnormal sperm heads, or bone marrow chromosome aberrations.

PMID: 7466917

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7466917/

Study type: in_vitro

Tsitologiia · 1980 · PubMed

In cultured fibroblast-like human embryo cells, exposure to an industrial-frequency electromagnetic field (50 cps) at 50 or 150 kV/m depressed protein synthesis proportionally to field intensity and duration, with collagen synthesis affected to a greater extent. Preliminary administration of adrenaline or cAMP prevented these changes, with cAMP described as having a stronger protective effect.

PMID: 6251585

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6251585/