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    <title>Reviewed Papers — 1976</title>
    <link>https://rfsafe.org/mel/papers_class.php?year=1976</link>
    <description>Reviewed papers published in 1976.</description>
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    <item>
      <title>Cataract after exposure to non-ionizing radiant energy</title>
      <link>https://rfsafe.org/mel/paper.php?id=6682</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://rfsafe.org/mel/paper.php?id=6682</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1976 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <category>effect:harm</category>
      <category>evidence:very_low</category>
      <category>year:1976</category>
      <category>study_type:case_report</category>
      <description><![CDATA[<p><strong>Effect:</strong> Harm &nbsp; <strong>Evidence:</strong> Very low</p>
<p><strong>Study type:</strong> case_report</p>
<p><small>Br J Ophthalmol · 1976 · Manual</small></p>
<p>Two case histories are described involving exposure to thermal/infrared radiation from an electric oven and range. In one patient, earlier exposure to medical diathermy appeared to initiate delayed capsular cataracts, with accelerated cataractogenesis after recent repeated intense infrared exposure. In the other patient, exposed solely to infrared radiation, a chorioretinal lesion consistent with repeated thermal radiation was observed and later capsular opacification became evident.</p>
<p><small>DOI: 10.1136/bjo.60.9.632 · PMID: 990233</small></p>
<p><small><strong>Study URL:</strong> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/990233/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/990233/</a></small></p>]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Sensitivity of calcium binding in cerebral tissue to weak environmental electric fields oscillating at low frequency</title>
      <link>https://rfsafe.org/mel/paper.php?id=6680</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://rfsafe.org/mel/paper.php?id=6680</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1976 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <category>effect:mixed</category>
      <category>evidence:low</category>
      <category>year:1976</category>
      <category>study_type:in_vitro</category>
      <description><![CDATA[<p><strong>Effect:</strong> Mixed &nbsp; <strong>Evidence:</strong> Low</p>
<p><strong>Study type:</strong> in_vitro</p>
<p><small>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · 1976 · Manual</small></p>
<p>Exposure to weak sinusoidal electric fields (1, 6, 16, 32, or 75 Hz; 5, 10, 56, or 100 V/m in air) was associated with a general trend toward reduced 45Ca2+ efflux compared with unexposed matched controls. Maximum decreases were reported at 6 and 16 Hz (12–15%), with estimated thresholds around 10 V/m for chick tissue and 56 V/m for cat tissue; other exposures showed similar but nonsignificant trends.</p>
<p><small>DOI: 10.1073/pnas.73.6.1999 · PMID: 1064869</small></p>
<p><small><strong>Study URL:</strong> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1064869/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1064869/</a></small></p>]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Differences in the action of various drugs on striatal acetylcholine and choline content in rats killed by decapitation of microwave radiation.</title>
      <link>https://rfsafe.org/mel/paper.php?id=6119</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://rfsafe.org/mel/paper.php?id=6119</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1976 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <category>effect:unknown</category>
      <category>evidence:unknown</category>
      <category>year:1976</category>
      <description><![CDATA[<p><strong>Effect:</strong> Unknown &nbsp; <strong>Evidence:</strong> Unknown</p>
<p><small>The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology · 1976 · PubMed</small></p>
<p><small>DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1976.tb04031.x · PMID: 6659</small></p>
<p><small><strong>Study URL:</strong> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6659/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6659/</a></small></p>]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>[Statistics in the field of ionizing and microwave radiation].</title>
      <link>https://rfsafe.org/mel/paper.php?id=6118</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://rfsafe.org/mel/paper.php?id=6118</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1976 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <category>effect:unknown</category>
      <category>evidence:unknown</category>
      <category>year:1976</category>
      <description><![CDATA[<p><strong>Effect:</strong> Unknown &nbsp; <strong>Evidence:</strong> Unknown</p>
<p><small>Narodno zdravlje · 1976 · PubMed</small></p>
<p><small>PMID: 1028915</small></p>
<p><small><strong>Study URL:</strong> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1028915/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1028915/</a></small></p>]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Effects of microwave radiation on the lens epithelium in the rabbit eye.</title>
      <link>https://rfsafe.org/mel/paper.php?id=6117</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://rfsafe.org/mel/paper.php?id=6117</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1976 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <category>effect:mixed</category>
      <category>evidence:low</category>
      <category>year:1976</category>
      <category>study_type:animal</category>
      <description><![CDATA[<p><strong>Effect:</strong> Mixed &nbsp; <strong>Evidence:</strong> Low</p>
<p><strong>Study type:</strong> animal</p>
<p><small>Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) · 1976 · PubMed</small></p>
<p>In rabbit lenses exposed to cataractogenic microwave radiation at 2.45 GHz, epithelial DNA synthesis/mitotic activity showed two patterns depending on vesicle strings. Lenses without vesicle strings had an initial pronounced suppression of mitotic activity with gradual return to normal, while lenses with vesicle strings showed a marked rise in DNA synthesis on days 4–5 post-irradiation.</p>
<p><small>DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1976.03910030410012 · PMID: 1267658</small></p>
<p><small><strong>Study URL:</strong> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1267658/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1267658/</a></small></p>]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The relation of sex, age, and weight of mice to microwave radiation sensitivity.</title>
      <link>https://rfsafe.org/mel/paper.php?id=6116</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://rfsafe.org/mel/paper.php?id=6116</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1976 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <category>effect:mixed</category>
      <category>evidence:low</category>
      <category>year:1976</category>
      <category>study_type:animal</category>
      <description><![CDATA[<p><strong>Effect:</strong> Mixed &nbsp; <strong>Evidence:</strong> Low</p>
<p><strong>Study type:</strong> animal</p>
<p><small>The Journal of microwave power · 1976 · PubMed</small></p>
<p>In 114 mice irradiated to death with 2450 MHz microwaves at 7.5 W forward power, time to death increased with age for both sexes. Mean absorbed dose at death (J/g) showed no significant differences related to age or weight within the same sex, but differences between sexes were reported as significant, particularly among aged ex-breeders; males showed a slight increase in radio-tolerance with age/weight compared with females showing a decline.</p>
<p><small>DOI: 10.1080/00222739.1976.11688994 · PMID: 1047661</small></p>
<p><small><strong>Study URL:</strong> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1047661/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1047661/</a></small></p>]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Proceedings: Study of the effects of chronic low level microwave radiation on rabbits.</title>
      <link>https://rfsafe.org/mel/paper.php?id=6115</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://rfsafe.org/mel/paper.php?id=6115</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1976 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <category>effect:unknown</category>
      <category>evidence:unknown</category>
      <category>year:1976</category>
      <description><![CDATA[<p><strong>Effect:</strong> Unknown &nbsp; <strong>Evidence:</strong> Unknown</p>
<p><small>The Journal of microwave power · 1976 · PubMed</small></p>
<p><small>PMID: 1047662</small></p>
<p><small><strong>Study URL:</strong> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1047662/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1047662/</a></small></p>]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Proceedings: Microwave radiation and other harmful factors of working environment in radiolocation: method of determination of microwave effects.</title>
      <link>https://rfsafe.org/mel/paper.php?id=6114</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://rfsafe.org/mel/paper.php?id=6114</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1976 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <category>effect:unknown</category>
      <category>evidence:unknown</category>
      <category>year:1976</category>
      <description><![CDATA[<p><strong>Effect:</strong> Unknown &nbsp; <strong>Evidence:</strong> Unknown</p>
<p><small>The Journal of microwave power · 1976 · PubMed</small></p>
<p><small>PMID: 1047671</small></p>
<p><small><strong>Study URL:</strong> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1047671/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1047671/</a></small></p>]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Proceedings: The practice of microwave radiation safety.</title>
      <link>https://rfsafe.org/mel/paper.php?id=6113</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://rfsafe.org/mel/paper.php?id=6113</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1976 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <category>effect:unknown</category>
      <category>evidence:unknown</category>
      <category>year:1976</category>
      <description><![CDATA[<p><strong>Effect:</strong> Unknown &nbsp; <strong>Evidence:</strong> Unknown</p>
<p><small>The Journal of microwave power · 1976 · PubMed</small></p>
<p><small>PMID: 1047685</small></p>
<p><small><strong>Study URL:</strong> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1047685/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1047685/</a></small></p>]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Are mouse fetuses which survive microwave radiation permanently affected thereby?</title>
      <link>https://rfsafe.org/mel/paper.php?id=6112</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://rfsafe.org/mel/paper.php?id=6112</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1976 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <category>effect:unknown</category>
      <category>evidence:unknown</category>
      <category>year:1976</category>
      <description><![CDATA[<p><strong>Effect:</strong> Unknown &nbsp; <strong>Evidence:</strong> Unknown</p>
<p><small>Health physics · 1976 · PubMed</small></p>
<p><small>DOI: 10.1097/00004032-197607000-00005 · PMID: 955915</small></p>
<p><small><strong>Study URL:</strong> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/955915/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/955915/</a></small></p>]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The in vivo effects of 2.45 GHz microwave radiation of rabbit serum components and sleeping times.</title>
      <link>https://rfsafe.org/mel/paper.php?id=6111</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://rfsafe.org/mel/paper.php?id=6111</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1976 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <category>effect:harm</category>
      <category>evidence:low</category>
      <category>year:1976</category>
      <category>study_type:animal</category>
      <description><![CDATA[<p><strong>Effect:</strong> Harm &nbsp; <strong>Evidence:</strong> Low</p>
<p><strong>Study type:</strong> animal</p>
<p><small>Radiation and environmental biophysics · 1976 · PubMed</small></p>
<p>Microwave exposure (continuous wave and pulsed, 2.45 GHz; 5, 10, 25 mW/cm2) produced blood chemistry changes described as dose-dependent and consistent with non-specific thermal stress. Thermoregulation appeared sufficient at 5 and 10 mW/cm2 but could be overridden by a 2 h exposure at 25 mW/cm2; mild, repairable nephrosis was observed at 25 mW/cm2. In additional analeptic testing (5–50 mW/cm2), sleeping times decreased significantly and were reported as apparently proportional to power density below 15 mW/cm2.</p>
<p><small>DOI: 10.1007/bf01332170 · PMID: 959484</small></p>
<p><small><strong>Study URL:</strong> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/959484/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/959484/</a></small></p>]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>An investigation of the use of microwave radiation for pulmonary diagnostics.</title>
      <link>https://rfsafe.org/mel/paper.php?id=6110</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://rfsafe.org/mel/paper.php?id=6110</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1976 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <category>effect:unknown</category>
      <category>evidence:unknown</category>
      <category>year:1976</category>
      <description><![CDATA[<p><strong>Effect:</strong> Unknown &nbsp; <strong>Evidence:</strong> Unknown</p>
<p><small>IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering · 1976 · PubMed</small></p>
<p><small>DOI: 10.1109/tbme.1976.324653 · PMID: 977007</small></p>
<p><small><strong>Study URL:</strong> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/977007/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/977007/</a></small></p>]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The relation of dose rate of microwave radiation to the time of death and total absorbed dose in the mouse.</title>
      <link>https://rfsafe.org/mel/paper.php?id=6109</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://rfsafe.org/mel/paper.php?id=6109</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1976 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <category>effect:harm</category>
      <category>evidence:low</category>
      <category>year:1976</category>
      <category>study_type:animal</category>
      <description><![CDATA[<p><strong>Effect:</strong> Harm &nbsp; <strong>Evidence:</strong> Low</p>
<p><strong>Study type:</strong> animal</p>
<p><small>The Journal of microwave power · 1976 · PubMed</small></p>
<p>In mice exposed to microwave radiation, the average absorbed dose to death increased as the rate of absorption decreased, indicating that absorbed dose alone was not sufficient for dosimetry. The authors attribute this to tissue heating and reduced ability to maintain homeostasis at higher heating rates, and conclude that both absorbed dose rate and exposure duration should be determined in microwave bioeffects experiments.</p>
<p><small>DOI: 10.1080/00222739.1976.11689001 · PMID: 1049243</small></p>
<p><small><strong>Study URL:</strong> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1049243/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1049243/</a></small></p>]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Radio and microwave radiation and experimental atherosclerosis.</title>
      <link>https://rfsafe.org/mel/paper.php?id=6108</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://rfsafe.org/mel/paper.php?id=6108</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1976 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <category>effect:no_effect</category>
      <category>evidence:low</category>
      <category>year:1976</category>
      <category>study_type:animal</category>
      <description><![CDATA[<p><strong>Effect:</strong> No effect &nbsp; <strong>Evidence:</strong> Low</p>
<p><strong>Study type:</strong> animal</p>
<p><small>Atherosclerosis · 1976 · PubMed</small></p>
<p>In 16 rabbits, microwave exposure (2.45 GHz; 20–30 mW/cm2; 4 h/day, 5 days/week for 8–10 weeks) produced no differences versus matched controls in serum cholesterol, aortic wall cholesterol, or percent intimal surface with atherosclerotic lesions. Continuous RF irradiation (1 MHz; 30 V/cm; 8–11 weeks) also did not change these indices of atherogenesis.</p>
<p><small>DOI: 10.1016/0021-9150(76)90047-2 · PMID: 985598</small></p>
<p><small><strong>Study URL:</strong> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/985598/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/985598/</a></small></p>]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Haloperidol-induced decrease in striatal acetylcholine content in rats killed by either decapitation or microwave radiation.</title>
      <link>https://rfsafe.org/mel/paper.php?id=6107</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://rfsafe.org/mel/paper.php?id=6107</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1976 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <category>effect:unknown</category>
      <category>evidence:unknown</category>
      <category>year:1976</category>
      <description><![CDATA[<p><strong>Effect:</strong> Unknown &nbsp; <strong>Evidence:</strong> Unknown</p>
<p><small>Brain research · 1976 · PubMed</small></p>
<p><small>DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(76)90320-6 · PMID: 1009436</small></p>
<p><small><strong>Study URL:</strong> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1009436/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1009436/</a></small></p>]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Evaluation of Electrochemical Information Transfer System: I . Effect of Electric Fields on Living Organisms</title>
      <link>https://rfsafe.org/mel/paper.php?id=2439</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://rfsafe.org/mel/paper.php?id=2439</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1976 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <category>effect:harm</category>
      <category>evidence:insufficient</category>
      <category>year:1976</category>
      <category>study_type:animal</category>
      <description><![CDATA[<p><strong>Effect:</strong> Harm &nbsp; <strong>Evidence:</strong> Insufficient</p>
<p><strong>Study type:</strong> animal</p>
<p><small>Journal of The Electrochemical Society · 1976 · Manual</small></p>
<p>The study investigated weak extremely low-frequency (ELF) electric fields (noted as similar to those associated with Project Seafarer) in mice and reported that electric field exposure acted as a stressor, with effects described on the central nervous and endocrine systems.</p>
<p><small>DOI: 10.1149/1.2133035</small></p>
<p><small><strong>Study URL:</strong> <a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/1.2133035" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/1.2133035</a></small></p>]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The effect of continuous exposure to low frequency electric fields on three generations of mice: a pilot study</title>
      <link>https://rfsafe.org/mel/paper.php?id=6688</link>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://rfsafe.org/mel/paper.php?id=6688</guid>
      <pubDate>Sat, 15 May 1976 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <category>effect:harm</category>
      <category>evidence:very_low</category>
      <category>year:1976</category>
      <category>study_type:animal</category>
      <description><![CDATA[<p><strong>Effect:</strong> Harm &nbsp; <strong>Evidence:</strong> Very low</p>
<p><strong>Study type:</strong> animal</p>
<p><small>Experientia · 1976 · Manual</small></p>
<p>Across three successive generations continuously exposed to 60 Hz electric fields, mice exposed to vertical fields had decreased body weights at 35 days postpartum and increased mortality rates for all three generations. Mice exposed to horizontal fields had decreased body weights for two successive generations.</p>
<p><small>DOI: 10.1007/bf01990163 · PMID: 1278293</small></p>
<p><small><strong>Study URL:</strong> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1278293/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1278293/</a></small></p>]]></description>
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