Reviewed Papers — 1975

The properties of bird feathers as converse piezoelectric transducers and as receptors of microwave radiation. I. Bird feathers as converse piezoelectric transducers.

Wed, 01 Jan 1975 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Unclear Evidence: Insufficient

Study type: other

Biotelemetry · 1975 · PubMed

The study investigated bird feathers as piezoelectric transducers in the audiofrequency range and as dielectric receptors of electromagnetic radiation in the microwave region. It reports piezoelectric resonances in the 1–20 kHz region for the calami of feathers.

PMID: 1235241

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1235241/

The properties of bird feathers as converse piezoelectric transducers and as receptors of microwave radiation. II. Bird feathers as dielectric receptors of microwave radiation.

Wed, 01 Jan 1975 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Unclear Evidence: Very low

Study type: other

Biotelemetry · 1975 · PubMed

Bird feathers coupled to a waveguide in the 10- to 16-GHz region were associated with a substantial increase in microwave power collected in the forward direction and a decrease in radiation pattern beam width compared with measurements without the feather. The authors also report some experimental evidence suggesting the possibility of inducing piezoelectric effects in the specimen using audiofrequency pulse-modulated microwave fields.

PMID: 1242004

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1242004/

The effect of electromagnetic radiation on the hematopoietic stem cells of mice.

Wed, 01 Jan 1975 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Mixed Evidence: Low

Study type: animal

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 1975 · PubMed

After whole-body microwave irradiation (2450 MHz, 100 mW/cm^2), mice showed increased leukocyte number in blood and decreased total cell volume of bone marrow and spleen. Hematopoietic stem cell (CFU) counts increased early after irradiation in bone marrow and spleen compared with controls, while 59Fe incorporation in spleen decreased at 24 hours and increased by Day 14. Heat exposure produced different patterns (early CFU decrease with increased 59Fe incorporation), suggesting microwave effects were not solely attributable to increased internal temperature.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1975.tb35999.x · PMID: 234709

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/234709/

Ultrastructural changes in the rabbit lens induced by microwave radiation.

Wed, 01 Jan 1975 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Harm Evidence: Very low

Study type: animal

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 1975 · PubMed

Rabbits were exposed to 2450-MHz continuous microwave radiation and lens effects were assessed by slit-lamp examination. Electron microscopy of two selected lenses (one severely damaged by slit-lamp exam and one appearing unaffected) found prominent ultrastructural changes in both lenses.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1975.tb35993.x · PMID: 1054229

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1054229/

Effects of microwave radiation of enzymes.

Wed, 01 Jan 1975 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Unknown Evidence: Unknown

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 1975 · PubMed

DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1975.tb36005.x · PMID: 1054236

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1054236/

Some effects of exposure of the Japanese quail embryo to 2.45-GHz microwave radiation.

Wed, 01 Jan 1975 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Mixed Evidence: Low

Study type: animal

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 1975 · PubMed

Quail eggs exposed 4 hr/day during the first 5 incubation days at 2450 MHz (30 mW/cm^2; absorbed power 14 mW/g) showed no great changes in body weight, gross malformations, rbc, wbc, hematocrit, hemoglobin, differential wbc percentages, or hatch percentage compared with controls. A slight significant decrease (~11%) in hemoglobin was noted in birds irradiated on Day 2, but the authors state additional verification is needed because the change was less than the normal range observed in young quail.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1975.tb36012.x · PMID: 1054240

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1054240/

Threshold effects of microwave radiation on embryo cell systems.

Wed, 01 Jan 1975 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Unknown Evidence: Unknown

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 1975 · PubMed

DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1975.tb36014.x · PMID: 1054242

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1054242/

Preliminary investigations of the effects of low-level microwave radiation on spontaneous motor activity in rats.

Wed, 01 Jan 1975 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: No effect Evidence: Low

Study type: animal

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 1975 · PubMed

Male rats exposed to 10.7 GHz (cw), 3 GHz (cw), or 3 GHz (pw) for 185 hours at ~1 mW/cm^2 showed no differences in post-exposure spontaneous activity compared with nonirradiated controls. A subset exposed to 3 GHz (pw) for 17 days at 25 mW/cm^2 also showed no change in spontaneous activity or runway running times versus controls.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1975.tb36017.x · PMID: 1054244

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1054244/

Effects of low-level microwave radiation on behavioral baselines.

Wed, 01 Jan 1975 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Unknown Evidence: Unknown

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 1975 · PubMed

DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1975.tb36018.x · PMID: 1054245

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1054245/

Behavioral effects of pulsed microwave radiation.

Wed, 01 Jan 1975 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Unknown Evidence: Unknown

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 1975 · PubMed

DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1975.tb36020.x · PMID: 1054246

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1054246/

Effect of 2450 MHz microwave radiation on horseradish peroxidase.

Wed, 01 Jan 1975 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Unknown Evidence: Unknown

The Journal of microwave power · 1975 · PubMed

DOI: 10.1080/00222739.1975.11688939 · PMID: 1041592

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1041592/

Biological effects of microwave radiation on the testes of Swiss mice.

Wed, 01 Jan 1975 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Unknown Evidence: Unknown

Experientia · 1975 · PubMed

DOI: 10.1007/bf01922549 · PMID: 1116529

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1116529/

Letter: Exposure of rabbit erythrocytes to microwave radiation.

Wed, 01 Jan 1975 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Unknown Evidence: Unknown

Radiation research · 1975 · PubMed

PMID: 1118541

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1118541/

Responses of the mouse to microwave radiation during estrous cycle and pregnancy.

Wed, 01 Jan 1975 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Unknown Evidence: Unknown

Radiation research · 1975 · PubMed

PMID: 1168356

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1168356/

Exposure of the Japanese Quail embryo to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation during the second day of development.

Wed, 01 Jan 1975 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Unknown Evidence: Unknown

The Journal of microwave power · 1975 · PubMed

DOI: 10.1080/00222739.1975.11688956 · PMID: 1041597

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1041597/

Development of dosimetry for RF and microwave radiation-I: Dosimetric quantities for RF and microwave electromagnetic fields.

Wed, 01 Jan 1975 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Unknown Evidence: Unknown

Health physics · 1975 · PubMed

DOI: 10.1097/00004032-197508000-00011 · PMID: 1193843

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1193843/

Development of dosimetry for RF and microwave radiation --II: Calculations of absorbed dose distributions in two sizes of muscle-equivalent spheres.

Wed, 01 Jan 1975 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Unknown Evidence: Unknown

Health physics · 1975 · PubMed

DOI: 10.1097/00004032-197508000-00012 · PMID: 1193844

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1193844/

Development of dosimetry for RF and microwave radiation-III: Dose rate distribution in tissue spheres due to measured spectra of electromagnetic plane wave.

Wed, 01 Jan 1975 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Unknown Evidence: Unknown

Health physics · 1975 · PubMed

DOI: 10.1097/00004032-197508000-00013 · PMID: 1193845

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1193845/

Performance effects of chronic microwave radiation.

Wed, 01 Jan 1975 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Unknown Evidence: Unknown

Psychological reports · 1975 · PubMed

DOI: 10.2466/pr0.1975.37.2.618 · PMID: 1187942

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1187942/

Absorption characteristics of multilayered sphere models exposed to UHF/microwave radiation.

Wed, 01 Jan 1975 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Unknown Evidence: Unknown

IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering · 1975 · PubMed

DOI: 10.1109/tbme.1975.324467 · PMID: 1184021

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1184021/

The effect of radar on cardiac pacemakers.

Wed, 01 Jan 1975 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Harm Evidence: Low

Study type: other

ISA transactions · 1975 · PubMed

In laboratory tests in air, all 16 pacemakers showed signs of interference at pulse power densities between 0.025 mW/cm2 and 62.5 mW/cm2. In field testing 1.2 km from the radar station, 3 of 6 implanted pacemakers were triggered or inhibited depending on mode of operation. Pacemakers modified with metal encapsulation plus a low-pass filter at the electrode reportedly remained undisturbed at pulse power densities greater than 10 W/cm2 under worst-case conditions in air.

PMID: 1176271

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1176271/

Ascorbic acid changes in cultured rabbit lenses after microwave irradiation.

Wed, 01 Jan 1975 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Unclear Evidence: Low

Study type: animal

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 1975 · PubMed

Cultured rabbit lenses exposed to pulsed or continuous wave S-band microwave radiation (10–15 min; 0–200 mW/cm^2) showed a significant decrease in total ascorbic acid 1–3 days after irradiation. However, when irradiated lenses were compared with matched control lenses subjected to identical time–temperature conditions without microwaves, no differences in ascorbic acid were found; the decrease was interpreted as a direct thermal effect.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1975.tb35994.x · PMID: 1054230

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1054230/

Measure of enzymatic activity coincident with 2450 MHz microwave exposure.

Wed, 01 Jan 1975 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: No effect Evidence: Low

Study type: in_vitro

The Journal of microwave power · 1975 · PubMed

Enzyme preparations exposed to 2450 MHz microwaves at an absorbed dose rate of 42 W/kg showed no difference in specific activity at 25°C compared with unirradiated controls.

DOI: 10.1080/00222739.1975.11688968 · PMID: 175163

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/175163/

Evaluation of possible microwave-induced lens changes in the United States Air Force.

Wed, 01 Jan 1975 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: No effect Evidence: Low

Study type: cohort

Aviation, space, and environmental medicine · 1975 · PubMed

In double-blind ophthalmologic exams of 477 microwave-exposed workers versus 340 unexposed controls, no significant difference was found in three lenticular findings equated with early cataract formation. The authors conclude the results do not support that microwave exposure in the military environment is causing human cataracts at levels permitted by U.S. safety standards.

PMID: 1212147

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1212147/

Teratology, survival, and reversal learning after fetal irradiation of mice by 2450-MHz microwave energy.

Wed, 01 Jan 1975 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Mixed Evidence: Low

Study type: animal

The Journal of microwave power · 1975 · PubMed

Experiment 1: A single intense 2450-MHz exposure (38 mW/g for 600 sec) did not reliably increase fetal mortality or morbidity versus controls, while cortisone increased stillborn and deformed fetuses. Experiment 2: Cortisone-treated sham-radiated dams had near-complete failure of pups to survive to weaning, and this cortisone-induced mortality was reliably reduced when dams were also exposed to microwave energy. Maze performance did not differ by radiation vs control overall, but offspring of cortisone-treated, radiated dams made reliably more errors.

PMID: 1044344

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1044344/

Neural function and behavior: defining the relationship

Fri, 28 Feb 1975 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Mixed Evidence: Insufficient

Study type: other

Ann N Y Acad Sci · 1975 · Manual

Using essentially the same RF parameters across experiments, the authors report an association between changes in avoidance behavior and changes in brain permeability (fluorescent dye index). They also report a difference in effectiveness between pulsed and continuous-wave RF on behavior and brain permeability, and state they did not establish causality.

DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1975.tb36019.x · PMID: 46734

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/46734/

Effects of modulated VHF fields on the central nervous system

Fri, 28 Feb 1975 00:00:00 +0000

Effect: Harm Evidence: Insufficient

Study type: animal

Ann N Y Acad Sci · 1975 · Manual

The abstract states that extremely weak VHF fields (147 MHz, 1 mW/cm²) amplitude-modulated at brain-wave frequencies have been shown to strongly influence spontaneous and conditioned EEG patterns in the cat. It also notes related laboratory work where weak pulsed electric currents (2–5 mV/mm, 200 pulses/sec) applied across cat cortex were able to affect cortical activity (sentence truncated in provided abstract).

DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1975.tb35984.x · PMID: 1054258

Study URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1054258/