Mice exposed to continuous-wave 2.45 GHz microwave radiation (power density 0.0248 mW/cm2; whole-body SAR 0.0146 W/kg) showed slower learning and significantly more working and reference memory errors in an 8-arm radial maze. Exposure was associated with incr…
Adult rats exposed to pulsed-wave 2.45 GHz microwave radiation showed a significant decrease in the number of dividing (Ki-67+) cells in the rostral migratory stream. Juvenile exposure produced only a slight decrease in proliferation but markedly affected cel…
Male mice exposed to 2.45 GHz continuous-wave microwave radiation (average power density 0.0248 mW/cm; whole-body SAR 0.0146 W/kg) for 2 hr/day over 15, 30, or 60 days showed testicular redox imbalance with increased oxidative/nitrosative stress markers and c…
Male mice exposed to 2.45 GHz microwaves (0.25 mW/cm2; SAR 0.09 W/kg) for 2 h/day for 30 days showed increased CAT, MDA and ROS and decreased GPx, testosterone and SOD compared with sham-exposed controls. Micronuclei formation in blood and histopathological c…
In a rat in vivo model using 30 mW/cm microwave exposure, the authors report cognitive impairment and synaptic plasticity injury in hippocampal neurons. Autophagy was activated after exposure, with increased colocation of autophagosomes and synaptic vesicles;…
Microwave exposure increased TLR2-5 expression and increased IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α at both mRNA and protein levels in rat testis. Phosphorylated p38, ERK1/2, JNK, and NF-κB p65 were elevated, with NF-κB reported as more dominantly induced, suggesting activat…
Wistar rats exposed to microwave radiation (30 mW/cm for 6 min, 3 times/week for 6 weeks) showed deficits in spatial learning and memory, loss of dendritic spines in granule cells, and shrinkage of mature spines in pyramidal cells, with altered hippocampal ne…
Compared with control/sham, the EMF group showed ovarian histopathological changes (thinning of zona granulosa and theca layers, granulosa cell shrinking, reduced mitotic activity, leukocyte infiltration) and significantly lower secondary follicle numbers. Bi…
Exposure to a 50 Hz, 7 mT electromagnetic field for 24 h, 72 h, and 7 days significantly increased latency to escape from noxious heat. MDA levels increased after 24 h and remained elevated up to 7 days, while glutathione levels declined after 7 days of expos…
After 1 month of exposure to 4G-LTE mobile phone electromagnetic field, spermatid counts differed across groups (p=0.041) and were lowest in the 3 cm + 18 h/day group. Spermatogonia count, total germ cell counts, and Leydig cell count were significantly decre…
Rats exposed to 900-MHz RF-EMF showed intense caspase-3 expression in Purkinje and granular cells (p<0.05), with notable pyknotic nuclei and decreased cytoplasm in these cells. Thickness of cerebellar cortical layers was decreased in the EMF group versus cont…
Using a transfer function method in two virtual human models, average temperature rise across studied cases was 0.79 °C and the maximum was 2.80 °C at a maximum whole-body average SAR of 2 W/kg in an RF body coil. Lead trajectory and MRI landmark position wer…
Histopathological analysis showed no pathology in control or sham groups, while multiple kidney tissue changes (e.g., glomerular hemorrhage/degeneration, tubular epithelial vacuolization/irregularity, edema) were observed in the EMF-exposed group. TOS and OSI…
Clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of GSM- and CDMA-modulated cell phone RFR at 900 MHz in male rats based on malignant schwannoma of the heart and malignant glioma of the brain. Equivocal evidence in female rats. Some increases in nonneoplastic lesions …
The meta-analysis of 20 studies found a slightly increased risk of ALS associated with higher occupational exposure to ELF magnetic fields, with a summary relative risk of 1.14 (95% CI 1.00-1.30). Electrical workers had a higher risk (sRR 1.41, CI 1.05-1.92).…
Histopathology showed normal Schwann cells and axons in all groups, but marked thickening of the epineurium in the EMF-exposed group. Biochemically, MDA, SOD, and CAT levels were higher in the EMF group than control and sham, and TUNEL(+) cells (apoptotic ind…
Rats exposed long-term to 900 or 1800 MHz EMR showed increased TRPV1 currents, Ca2+ influx, ROS production, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, apoptosis, and caspase-3/9 activities in hippocampus and dorsal root ganglion compared with controls. Effects we…
Rats exposed to 900 MHz RF-EMR from a mobile phone for 28 days showed decreased numbers of healthy neurons in the basolateral and cortical amygdala (not central amygdala), evidence of apoptosis in the amygdala, and altered dendritic arborization in the basola…
Calculated results suggest that wearing glasses alters SAR distribution and magnitude in the head/eyes during wireless eyewear device use at a phone-call state. The maximal SAR in ocular tissues with glasses was reported as up to 6 times higher than without g…
Across an extended analysis of a previously reported case series and analyses of three other military/occupational cohort studies, the percentage frequency of hematolymphatic cancers was reported as elevated in exposed groups versus expected or unexposed comp…
