Extremely low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields induce apoptotic, oxidative stress, inflammatory and aquaporin-related kidney alteration
Kidney tissue exposed to 1 mT and 5 mT ELF-PEMF showed hyperemia, tubular degeneration, and proteinaceous casts. ELF-PEMF increased BAX, Caspase-9, TNF-α, AQP5, and oxidative stress markers; 5 mT exposure also increased AQP3, while BCL-2 did not change. The a…