Combined Electromagnetic Fields Mitigate Unloading-Induced Bone Loss by Enhancing Osteogenic Responses via Multiphysics-Induced Mechanotransduction
Combined static magnetic fields (0.4–0.6 T) and pulsed electromagnetic fields (0.38 ± 0.19 mT) improved bone density, microarchitecture, mechanical properties, osteoblast number, and mineral apposition in hindlimb-unloaded mice. In MC3T3-E1 cells, the combine…