5G Base Station Deployment Review for RF Radiation

Abstract

5G Base Station Deployment Review for RF Radiation M. S. Elbasheir, R. A. Saeed, S. Edam. 5G Base Station Deployment Review for RF Radiation. 2021 International Symposium on Networks, Computers and Communications (ISNCC), 2021, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109/ISNCC52172.2021.9615689. Abstract The 5G is expected to make great change for Mobile network and technology in the coming years. there is extensive discussion about the electromagnetic radiation that the 5G will contribute and its impact to the human and other technologies. The aggressive deployment of the technology associated with the new massive Internet of Things (IoT) devices, all are indicator to the great electromagnetic radiation and exposure that 5G may cause. This problem considered as a challenge constrain for deployment of massive 5G base stations especially in residential areas. This paper reviews the recent works on the Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) radiation assessment for 5G base stations (BS) on human evaluation and analysis from different perspectives. The review covers the international standard exposure limits adopted by some of the regulatory bodies. The reviewed cases are classified into two main categories, assessment based on model simulation, and on field measurement, where both categories have the same objective to assess and evaluate the EMF radiation exposure from BSs. Conclusions EMF exposure has increasingly earned attention in the community and media. Recently the 5G has been proposed to be deployed under the 3GPP released 18. One of the main challenges for 5G deployment is the EMF exposure, especially when accumulated with the other deployed technologies i.e., 4G, 3G and low-power wide- area network (LPWAN) technologies. This paper reviewed the EMF radiation assessment from 5G BSs, where we reviewed some recent related work recently done through measurement and simulations. Various results were discussed, analyzed and compared with the regulation bodies like ICNIRP and FCC. there are many EMF assessment methodologies and techniques were presented and discussed. Most of the recommendations were to conduct more investigations with different perspectives, parameters, assumptions and scenarios ieeexplore.ieee.org

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

This paper reviews recent works assessing EMF exposure from 5G base stations using both simulation models and field measurements, and discusses results in relation to regulatory exposure limits (e.g., ICNIRP and FCC). The authors conclude that EMF exposure is a key challenge for 5G deployment and that many recommendations call for further investigations across different assumptions, parameters, and scenarios.

Outcomes measured

• EMF/RF exposure assessment from 5G base stations
• Comparison to international exposure limits (e.g., ICNIRP, FCC)
• Assessment methodologies (simulation-based and field-measurement-based)

Limitations

• No specific frequencies, exposure metrics (e.g., SAR), or quantitative results are provided in the abstract.
• The abstract does not describe inclusion/exclusion criteria or systematic review methods.

Suggested hubs

• who-icnirp (0.62)
  Discusses exposure limits and comparisons with ICNIRP (and FCC).
• 5g-policy (0.58)
  Focuses on 5G base station deployment and EMF exposure as a deployment challenge, including regulatory limits.

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    "study_type": "review",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "RF",
        "source": "5G base station",
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": null
    },
    "population": null,
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "EMF/RF exposure assessment from 5G base stations",
        "Comparison to international exposure limits (e.g., ICNIRP, FCC)",
        "Assessment methodologies (simulation-based and field-measurement-based)"
    ],
    "main_findings": "This paper reviews recent works assessing EMF exposure from 5G base stations using both simulation models and field measurements, and discusses results in relation to regulatory exposure limits (e.g., ICNIRP and FCC). The authors conclude that EMF exposure is a key challenge for 5G deployment and that many recommendations call for further investigations across different assumptions, parameters, and scenarios.",
    "effect_direction": "unclear",
    "limitations": [
        "No specific frequencies, exposure metrics (e.g., SAR), or quantitative results are provided in the abstract.",
        "The abstract does not describe inclusion/exclusion criteria or systematic review methods."
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "insufficient",
    "confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "unknown",
    "keywords": [
        "5G",
        "base station",
        "EMF",
        "RF radiation",
        "exposure assessment",
        "field measurement",
        "simulation",
        "ICNIRP",
        "FCC",
        "regulatory limits"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": [
        {
            "slug": "who-icnirp",
            "weight": 0.61999999999999999555910790149937383830547332763671875,
            "reason": "Discusses exposure limits and comparisons with ICNIRP (and FCC)."
        },
        {
            "slug": "5g-policy",
            "weight": 0.57999999999999996003197111349436454474925994873046875,
            "reason": "Focuses on 5G base station deployment and EMF exposure as a deployment challenge, including regulatory limits."
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}

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