Effect of cell phone use on salivary components; a review of literature
Abstract
Effect of cell phone use on salivary components; a review of literature Fateme Arbabi Kalati, Tahereh Nosratzehi. Effect of cell phone use on salivary components; a review of literature. J Complement Integr Med. 2021 Nov 25. doi: 10.1515/jcim-2021-0397. Abstract Mobile phones have been increasingly used in the past decade and have become a cultural instrument. There is a great concern over the harmful effects of electromagnetic and radiofrequency waves as well as microwaves generated by mobile phones and their telecommunication stations on health. The saliva plays an important role in preserving oral homeostasis as the first defensive line against the microbial invasion which protects oral mucosa mechanically and immunologically. A search was run in Pub med, Goggle Scholar, Medline, and Web of Science databases using the following keywords: cell phone, mobile phone, antioxidant profile, saliva, oxidative stress, interleukin, and inflammation. Sixty-five published articles were identified. Studies on the use of cell phones as educational aids, the use of immune histochemistry on salivary glands, or the evaluation of saliva in individuals with specific conditions, such as the use of orthodontic brackets, were excluded. In addition, duplicate articles are eliminated, and finally, 14 articles were included in the present study. Nowadays mobile phone is very popular, causing concern about the effect it has on people's health. Parotid salivary glands are in close contact with a cell phone while talking with the phone and the possibility of being affected by them; so this study was designed to investigate the effect of cell phone use on salivary components. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Excerpt The above studies show that using cell phones affects the antioxidative system, immune system, and inflammatory system of saliva. Although to date, no specific medical condition has been attributed to these changes, decreasing the frequency and duration of cellphone use is advisable. Thus, based on these findings, it is recommended that a long-term/or excessive use of mobile phones, especially by young individuals, should be avoided. This goal can be accomplished by telehealth technology promotion activities targeting the more sensitive ages, children, and adolescents since their developing brains absorb more EMR from a mobile phone. Such activities include group discussions, public presentations, and mass communication through available electronic and print media sources.
AI evidence extraction
Main findings
This narrative literature review reports that included studies suggest cell phone use is associated with changes in saliva related to antioxidative, immune, and inflammatory systems. The authors state that no specific medical condition has been attributed to these changes to date, but they advise reducing frequency and duration of cellphone use, particularly for young individuals.
Outcomes measured
- Salivary antioxidant profile/oxidative stress markers
- Salivary immune system markers
- Salivary inflammatory markers (e.g., interleukins/inflammation)
Limitations
- Review methods and quality appraisal are not described in detail in the abstract (e.g., risk-of-bias assessment).
- Only 14 articles were included after exclusions; reasons for exclusion beyond broad categories are not detailed.
- Exposure characterization (e.g., frequency bands, SAR, duration/intensity) is not specified in the abstract.
- The abstract does not describe the designs, populations, or consistency of findings across included studies.
Suggested hubs
-
cell-phones
(0.95) The review focuses on health-related salivary changes associated with mobile/cell phone use.
View raw extracted JSON
{
"publication_year": null,
"study_type": "review",
"exposure": {
"band": "RF",
"source": "mobile phone",
"frequency_mhz": null,
"sar_wkg": null,
"duration": null
},
"population": null,
"sample_size": null,
"outcomes": [
"Salivary antioxidant profile/oxidative stress markers",
"Salivary immune system markers",
"Salivary inflammatory markers (e.g., interleukins/inflammation)"
],
"main_findings": "This narrative literature review reports that included studies suggest cell phone use is associated with changes in saliva related to antioxidative, immune, and inflammatory systems. The authors state that no specific medical condition has been attributed to these changes to date, but they advise reducing frequency and duration of cellphone use, particularly for young individuals.",
"effect_direction": "harm",
"limitations": [
"Review methods and quality appraisal are not described in detail in the abstract (e.g., risk-of-bias assessment).",
"Only 14 articles were included after exclusions; reasons for exclusion beyond broad categories are not detailed.",
"Exposure characterization (e.g., frequency bands, SAR, duration/intensity) is not specified in the abstract.",
"The abstract does not describe the designs, populations, or consistency of findings across included studies."
],
"evidence_strength": "low",
"confidence": 0.66000000000000003108624468950438313186168670654296875,
"peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
"stance": "concern",
"stance_confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
"summary": "This review searched multiple databases and included 14 articles assessing associations between mobile phone use and salivary components. It reports that the included studies indicate changes in salivary antioxidative, immune, and inflammatory systems with cell phone use. The authors note that no specific medical condition has been linked to these changes so far, but recommend reducing frequency and duration of use, especially among young people.",
"key_points": [
"The paper is a literature review on mobile phone use and salivary components.",
"The authors searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, and Web of Science using saliva/oxidative stress/inflammation-related keywords.",
"From 65 identified articles, 14 were included after exclusions and deduplication.",
"The review reports that cell phone use affects salivary antioxidative, immune, and inflammatory systems in the included studies.",
"The authors state that no specific medical condition has been attributed to these salivary changes to date.",
"The paper recommends reducing the frequency and duration of mobile phone use, particularly for children and adolescents."
],
"categories": [
"Cell Phones",
"RF Exposure",
"Oral Health",
"Oxidative Stress",
"Inflammation/Immune"
],
"tags": [
"Mobile Phones",
"Radiofrequency Exposure",
"Saliva",
"Parotid Gland",
"Oxidative Stress",
"Antioxidant Profile",
"Inflammation",
"Interleukins",
"Immune Markers",
"Literature Review",
"Adolescents",
"Children"
],
"keywords": [
"cell phone",
"mobile phone",
"antioxidant profile",
"saliva",
"oxidative stress",
"interleukin",
"inflammation"
],
"suggested_hubs": [
{
"slug": "cell-phones",
"weight": 0.9499999999999999555910790149937383830547332763671875,
"reason": "The review focuses on health-related salivary changes associated with mobile/cell phone use."
}
],
"social": {
"tweet": "Review of 14 studies reports mobile phone use is associated with changes in salivary antioxidant, immune, and inflammatory markers; no specific medical condition is linked yet, but authors advise reducing frequency/duration of use, especially for youth.",
"facebook": "A literature review (14 included studies) reports associations between mobile phone use and changes in salivary antioxidant, immune, and inflammatory markers. The authors note no specific medical condition has been attributed to these changes to date, but recommend limiting frequency and duration of use, particularly for children and adolescents.",
"linkedin": "This literature review (14 included articles) summarizes research on mobile phone use and salivary components, reporting changes in salivary antioxidative, immune, and inflammatory systems in the included studies. The authors state that no specific medical condition has been attributed to these changes so far, but recommend reducing frequency and duration of use, especially among younger individuals."
}
}
AI can be wrong. Always verify against the paper.
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