Investigation of oxidative damage, antioxidant balance, DNA repair genes, and apoptosis due to radiofrequency-induced adaptive response in mice
Abstract
Investigation of oxidative damage, antioxidant balance, DNA repair genes, and apoptosis due to radiofrequency-induced adaptive response in mice Kucukbagriacik Y, Dastouri M, Ozgur-Buyukatalay E, Akarca Dizakar O, Yegin K. Investigation of oxidative damage, antioxidant balance, DNA repair genes, and apoptosis due to radiofrequency-induced adaptive response in mice. Electromagn Biol Med. 2022 Sep 5:1-13. doi: 10.1080/15368378.2022.2117187. Abstract This study aims to determine whether exposure to non-ionizing radiofrequency fields could induce an adaptive response (AR) in adult mice and to reveal potential molecular mechanisms triggered by RF-induced AR. The study was performed on 24 adult male Swiss-Albino mice. The average mass of the mice was 37 g. Four groups of adult mice, each consisting of 6, were formed. The radiofrequency group (R) and the adaptive response group (RB) were exposed to 900 MHz of global system for mobile communications (GSM) signal at 0.339 W/kg (1 g average specific absorption rate) 4 h/day for 7 days, while the control group (C) and the bleomycin group (B) were not exposed. 20 minutes after the last radiofrequency field (RF) exposure, the mice in the B and RB groups were injected intraperitoneal (ip) bleomycin (BLM), 37.5 mg/kg. All the animals were sacrificed 30 minutes after the BLM injection. Oxidative damage and antioxidant mechanism were subsequently investigated in the blood samples. Changes in the expression of the genes involved in DNA repair were detected in the liver tissue. TUNEL method was used to determine the apoptosis developed by DNA fragmentation in the liver tissue. The RB group, which produced an adaptive response, was compared with the control group. According to the results, the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the RB group may have played an important role in triggering the adaptive response and producing the required minimum stress level. Furthermore, tumor suppressor 53(p53), oxo guanine DNA glycosylase (OGG-1) levels responsible for DNA repair mechanism genes expression were increased in conjunction with the increase in ROS. The change in the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx-1) gene expression were not statistically significant. The antioxidant enzyme levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were decreased in the group with adaptive response. According to the data obtained from terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) analysis, apoptosis was decreased in the RB group due to the decrease in cell death, which might have resulted from an increase in gene expression responsible for DNA repair mechanisms. The results of our study show that exposure to RF radiation may create a protective reaction against the bleomycin. The minimal oxidative stress due to the RF exposure leads to an adaptive response in the genes that play a role in the DNA repair mechanism and enzymes, enabling the survival of the cell. tandfonline.com
AI evidence extraction
Main findings
In the adaptive response (RF + bleomycin) group, ROS increased and p53 and OGG-1 gene expression increased, while PARP-1 and GPx-1 changes were reported as not statistically significant. Antioxidant enzyme levels (SOD, CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were decreased in the adaptive response group, and TUNEL analysis indicated decreased apoptosis in liver tissue. The authors interpret these findings as RF exposure potentially inducing an adaptive response that is protective against bleomycin.
Outcomes measured
- Reactive oxygen species (ROS)
- Antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT)
- Total antioxidant capacity (TAC)
- DNA repair gene expression (p53, OGG-1, PARP-1, GPx-1)
- Apoptosis in liver tissue (TUNEL)
Limitations
- Animal study in mice; findings may not generalize to humans
- Small group sizes (6 mice per group)
- Short exposure duration (7 days) and short post-challenge observation window (30 minutes after bleomycin injection)
- Outcomes assessed in specific tissues/samples (blood for oxidative markers; liver for gene expression/apoptosis)
View raw extracted JSON
{
"publication_year": 2022,
"study_type": "animal",
"exposure": {
"band": "RF",
"source": "GSM signal",
"frequency_mhz": 900,
"sar_wkg": 0.339000000000000023536728122053318656980991363525390625,
"duration": "4 h/day for 7 days"
},
"population": "24 adult male Swiss-Albino mice",
"sample_size": 24,
"outcomes": [
"Reactive oxygen species (ROS)",
"Antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT)",
"Total antioxidant capacity (TAC)",
"DNA repair gene expression (p53, OGG-1, PARP-1, GPx-1)",
"Apoptosis in liver tissue (TUNEL)"
],
"main_findings": "In the adaptive response (RF + bleomycin) group, ROS increased and p53 and OGG-1 gene expression increased, while PARP-1 and GPx-1 changes were reported as not statistically significant. Antioxidant enzyme levels (SOD, CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were decreased in the adaptive response group, and TUNEL analysis indicated decreased apoptosis in liver tissue. The authors interpret these findings as RF exposure potentially inducing an adaptive response that is protective against bleomycin.",
"effect_direction": "mixed",
"limitations": [
"Animal study in mice; findings may not generalize to humans",
"Small group sizes (6 mice per group)",
"Short exposure duration (7 days) and short post-challenge observation window (30 minutes after bleomycin injection)",
"Outcomes assessed in specific tissues/samples (blood for oxidative markers; liver for gene expression/apoptosis)"
],
"evidence_strength": "low",
"confidence": 0.85999999999999998667732370449812151491641998291015625,
"peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
"stance": "neutral",
"stance_confidence": 0.61999999999999999555910790149937383830547332763671875,
"summary": "This animal study tested whether 900 MHz GSM radiofrequency exposure could induce an adaptive response in mice challenged with bleomycin. The RF + bleomycin group showed increased ROS and increased expression of some DNA repair-related genes (p53, OGG-1), with decreased antioxidant enzyme measures (SOD, CAT, TAC) and decreased apoptosis by TUNEL in liver tissue. The authors conclude that RF exposure may trigger a protective adaptive response against bleomycin via minimal oxidative stress and DNA repair mechanisms.",
"key_points": [
"Twenty-four adult male Swiss-Albino mice were assigned to four groups (n=6 per group).",
"RF exposure was 900 MHz GSM at 0.339 W/kg (1 g SAR) for 4 hours/day over 7 days.",
"Bleomycin (37.5 mg/kg, ip) was administered to the bleomycin-only and RF+bleomycin groups 20 minutes after the last RF exposure.",
"The RF+bleomycin group showed increased ROS and increased p53 and OGG-1 gene expression in liver tissue.",
"PARP-1 and GPx-1 gene expression changes were reported as not statistically significant.",
"SOD, CAT, and total antioxidant capacity were decreased in the adaptive response group.",
"TUNEL analysis indicated decreased apoptosis in liver tissue in the adaptive response group."
],
"categories": [
"Animal Studies",
"Radiofrequency (RF)",
"Oxidative Stress",
"Genotoxicity & DNA Repair",
"Apoptosis"
],
"tags": [
"Adaptive Response",
"Bleomycin Challenge",
"GSM 900 MHz",
"Specific Absorption Rate",
"Reactive Oxygen Species",
"Antioxidant Enzymes",
"Superoxide Dismutase",
"Catalase",
"Total Antioxidant Capacity",
"DNA Repair Genes",
"p53",
"OGG1",
"PARP1",
"GPx1",
"TUNEL Assay"
],
"keywords": [
"radiofrequency",
"adaptive response",
"mice",
"900 MHz",
"GSM",
"oxidative stress",
"DNA repair",
"apoptosis",
"bleomycin"
],
"suggested_hubs": [],
"social": {
"tweet": "Mouse study: 900 MHz GSM RF exposure (0.339 W/kg, 4 h/day for 7 days) followed by bleomycin was associated with increased ROS and increased p53/OGG-1 expression, decreased antioxidant measures (SOD/CAT/TAC), and decreased liver apoptosis by TUNEL; authors interpret this as an RF-induced adaptive response.",
"facebook": "In a mouse experiment, 900 MHz GSM radiofrequency exposure (0.339 W/kg, 4 h/day for 7 days) before a bleomycin challenge was linked to higher ROS, increased expression of some DNA repair genes (p53, OGG-1), reduced antioxidant measures (SOD, CAT, TAC), and reduced apoptosis in liver tissue. The authors suggest these changes reflect an adaptive response that may be protective against bleomycin.",
"linkedin": "Electromagn Biol Med (2022): In adult male Swiss-Albino mice, 900 MHz GSM RF exposure (0.339 W/kg, 4 h/day for 7 days) prior to bleomycin was associated with increased ROS and increased p53/OGG-1 expression, non-significant PARP-1/GPx-1 changes, decreased SOD/CAT/TAC, and decreased liver apoptosis (TUNEL). Authors interpret findings as an RF-induced adaptive response."
}
}
AI can be wrong. Always verify against the paper.
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