Disease Burden, Risk Factors, and Trends of Primary Central Nervous System (CNS) Cancer: a global study of registries data

Abstract

Disease Burden, Risk Factors, and Trends of Primary Central Nervous System (CNS) Cancer: a global study of registries data Huang J, Chan SC, Lok V, Zhang L, Lin X, Lucero-Prisno DE, Xu W, Zheng ZJ, Elcarte E, Withers M, Wong MCS; NCD Global Health Research Group, Association of Pacific Rim Universities (APRU). Disease Burden, Risk Factors, and Trends of Primary Central Nervous System (CNS) Cancer: a global study of registries data. Neuro Oncol. 2022 Sep 1:noac213. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noac213. Abstract Background: This study aimed to evaluate the global incidence, mortality, associated risk factors, and temporal trends of central nervous system (CNS) cancer by sex, age, and country. Methods: We extracted incidence and mortality of CNS cancer from the GLOBOCAN (2020), Cancer Incidence in Five Continents series I-X, WHO mortality database, the Nordic Cancer Registries, and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. We searched the Global Health data exchanges for the prevalence of its associated risk factors. We tested the trends by Average Annual Percentage Change (AAPC) from Joinpoint regression analysis with 95% confidence intervals in different age groups. Results: The age-standardized rates (ASRs) of CNS cancer incidence and mortality were 3.5 and 2.8 per 100,000 globally. Southern Europe (ASR=6.0) and Western Asia (ASR=4.2) had the highest incidence and mortality, respectively. The incidence was associated with Human Development Index, Gross Domestics Products per capita, prevalence of traumatic brain injuries, occupational carcinogens exposure, and mobile phone use at the country level. There was an overall stable and mixed trend in the CNS cancer burden. However, increasing incidence was observed in younger male population from five countries, with Slovakia (AAPC=5.40; 95% CI=1.88, 9.04; p=0.007) reporting the largest increase. Conclusions: While the overall global trends of cancer have been largely stable, significant increasing trends were found in the younger male population. The presence of some higher-HDI countries with increasing mortality suggested an ample scope for further research and exploration of the reasons behind these epidemiological trends. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Key points Brain cancer burden was higher in more developed countries and male population. Brain cancer was related to HDI, GDP, brain injuries, carcinogens, and phone use. There was an increasing trend of brain cancer in the younger male population.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Using multiple international cancer registry and mortality databases, the study reported global age-standardized incidence and mortality rates for CNS cancer of 3.5 and 2.8 per 100,000, respectively. At the country level, CNS cancer incidence was reported as associated with Human Development Index, GDP per capita, prevalence of traumatic brain injuries, occupational carcinogens exposure, and mobile phone use. Overall trends were described as stable/mixed, with increasing incidence observed in younger male populations in five countries (largest increase reported for Slovakia).

Outcomes measured

• CNS cancer incidence
• CNS cancer mortality
• Temporal trends in CNS cancer burden (AAPC/Joinpoint)

Limitations

• Ecological (country-level) associations; individual-level exposure and outcome linkage not described in abstract
• Mobile phone use exposure metric and timing not specified in abstract
• Potential confounding by development-related factors (e.g., HDI/GDP) implied by country-level analysis; adjustment details not provided in abstract
• Data sources span multiple registries/databases; harmonization and comparability methods not described in abstract

Suggested hubs

• occupational-exposure (0.55)
  Country-level association included occupational carcinogens exposure as a risk factor.

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    "exposure": {
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    "population": null,
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    "outcomes": [
        "CNS cancer incidence",
        "CNS cancer mortality",
        "Temporal trends in CNS cancer burden (AAPC/Joinpoint)"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Using multiple international cancer registry and mortality databases, the study reported global age-standardized incidence and mortality rates for CNS cancer of 3.5 and 2.8 per 100,000, respectively. At the country level, CNS cancer incidence was reported as associated with Human Development Index, GDP per capita, prevalence of traumatic brain injuries, occupational carcinogens exposure, and mobile phone use. Overall trends were described as stable/mixed, with increasing incidence observed in younger male populations in five countries (largest increase reported for Slovakia).",
    "effect_direction": "unclear",
    "limitations": [
        "Ecological (country-level) associations; individual-level exposure and outcome linkage not described in abstract",
        "Mobile phone use exposure metric and timing not specified in abstract",
        "Potential confounding by development-related factors (e.g., HDI/GDP) implied by country-level analysis; adjustment details not provided in abstract",
        "Data sources span multiple registries/databases; harmonization and comparability methods not described in abstract"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "central nervous system cancer",
        "brain cancer",
        "incidence",
        "mortality",
        "GLOBOCAN",
        "WHO mortality database",
        "SEER",
        "Nordic Cancer Registries",
        "Cancer Incidence in Five Continents",
        "Joinpoint regression",
        "average annual percentage change",
        "mobile phone use",
        "occupational carcinogens",
        "traumatic brain injury",
        "HDI",
        "GDP"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": [
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            "slug": "occupational-exposure",
            "weight": 0.5500000000000000444089209850062616169452667236328125,
            "reason": "Country-level association included occupational carcinogens exposure as a risk factor."
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