The effect of microwave radiation on the primary IgM response to sheep red blood cells in mice.

Abstract

We investigated the changes in the number of plaque-forming cells (PFC) in spleens of CBA mice after microwave (MW) irradiation. The mice were immunized with sheep red blood cells, the number of PFC was determined on days 4 and 5 after immunization. Mice received single doses of MW irradiation on days 1, 2, or 3 after immunization (exposure duration 1 to 9 min). It was found that the number of PFC was changed after MW irradiation and that this effect depended on the absorbed dose. Shorter exposures for 1, 3, and 5 min (SA = 4, 12, and 20.1 kJ/kg) stimulated the formation of PFC, exposures for 7 and 9 min did not change the number of PFC. After MW heating (exposure 5 min), the rectal temperature of mice was elevated by 2.5 degrees C. If the same thermal effect was induced by elevating the environmental temperature, the number of PFC was not increased. The observed changes in PFC number are probably due to the specific effect of MW radiation.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Microwave irradiation altered the number of spleen plaque-forming cells (PFC) measured on days 4 and 5 after immunization, with effects depending on absorbed dose/exposure duration. Exposures of 1, 3, and 5 min (SA 4, 12, and 20.1 kJ/kg) increased PFC formation, while 7 and 9 min exposures did not change PFC. A 5-min exposure increased rectal temperature by 2.5°C, but inducing a similar thermal effect via elevated environmental temperature did not increase PFC.

Outcomes measured

• Primary IgM response (plaque-forming cells, PFC) in spleen
• Rectal temperature change after exposure

Limitations

• Microwave frequency not reported in abstract
• Sample size not reported in abstract
• Exposure metric reported as SA (kJ/kg) rather than SAR; SAR not provided
• Timing of exposure varied (days 1–3 post-immunization), but results by timing are not detailed in abstract

{
    "study_type": "animal",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "microwave",
        "source": null,
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "Single doses on days 1, 2, or 3 after immunization; exposure duration 1–9 min"
    },
    "population": "CBA mice immunized with sheep red blood cells",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Primary IgM response (plaque-forming cells, PFC) in spleen",
        "Rectal temperature change after exposure"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Microwave irradiation altered the number of spleen plaque-forming cells (PFC) measured on days 4 and 5 after immunization, with effects depending on absorbed dose/exposure duration. Exposures of 1, 3, and 5 min (SA 4, 12, and 20.1 kJ/kg) increased PFC formation, while 7 and 9 min exposures did not change PFC. A 5-min exposure increased rectal temperature by 2.5°C, but inducing a similar thermal effect via elevated environmental temperature did not increase PFC.",
    "effect_direction": "mixed",
    "limitations": [
        "Microwave frequency not reported in abstract",
        "Sample size not reported in abstract",
        "Exposure metric reported as SA (kJ/kg) rather than SAR; SAR not provided",
        "Timing of exposure varied (days 1–3 post-immunization), but results by timing are not detailed in abstract"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "microwave irradiation",
        "mice",
        "CBA",
        "IgM",
        "sheep red blood cells",
        "plaque-forming cells",
        "spleen",
        "immune response",
        "thermal effect",
        "absorbed dose"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

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