Immunologic and hematopoietic alterations by 2,450-MHz electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract

A biphasic modulation of responsiveness of spleen lymphocytes to mitogens was observed in mice exposed to 2,450-MHz radiation at power densities of 5-15 mW/cm2 over various periods ranging between one and 17 days. This modulated phenomenon may be explained on the basis of 1) suppression of lymphocyte response to microwave-activated macrophages which persists throughout the entire course of radiation, and 2) concurrent progressive direct stimulation of lymphocytes which culminates around day 9 of exposure. Tumor cytotoxicity of killer lymphocytes from mice exposed to five or nine days of radiation did not appear different from sham controls. The highly proliferative hematopoietic marrow cells were sensitive to microwave radiation. Nine days of exposure to radiation (15 mW/cm2) reduced the colony-forming units of myeloid and erythroid series by 50%. This observation may offer a new and more sensitive assay for studying biological effects of electromagnetic radiation.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Mice exposed to 2,450-MHz radiation (5–15 mW/cm2) for 1–17 days showed biphasic modulation of spleen lymphocyte responsiveness to mitogens, described as suppression related to microwave-activated macrophages alongside progressive direct lymphocyte stimulation peaking around day 9. Tumor cytotoxicity of killer lymphocytes after 5 or 9 days of exposure did not appear different from sham controls. Nine days of exposure at 15 mW/cm2 reduced myeloid and erythroid marrow colony-forming units by about 50%.

Outcomes measured

• Spleen lymphocyte responsiveness to mitogens
• Macrophage-mediated effects on lymphocyte response
• Direct lymphocyte stimulation
• Tumor cytotoxicity of killer lymphocytes
• Hematopoietic bone marrow colony-forming units (myeloid and erythroid)

Limitations

• Sample size not reported in abstract
• Exposure described by power density (mW/cm2) without SAR or dosimetry details in abstract
• Mechanistic explanation is proposed but not fully detailed in abstract
• Limited outcome detail for tumor cytotoxicity (no quantitative results provided)

{
    "study_type": "animal",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "microwave",
        "source": null,
        "frequency_mhz": 2450,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "1–17 days"
    },
    "population": "Mice",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Spleen lymphocyte responsiveness to mitogens",
        "Macrophage-mediated effects on lymphocyte response",
        "Direct lymphocyte stimulation",
        "Tumor cytotoxicity of killer lymphocytes",
        "Hematopoietic bone marrow colony-forming units (myeloid and erythroid)"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Mice exposed to 2,450-MHz radiation (5–15 mW/cm2) for 1–17 days showed biphasic modulation of spleen lymphocyte responsiveness to mitogens, described as suppression related to microwave-activated macrophages alongside progressive direct lymphocyte stimulation peaking around day 9. Tumor cytotoxicity of killer lymphocytes after 5 or 9 days of exposure did not appear different from sham controls. Nine days of exposure at 15 mW/cm2 reduced myeloid and erythroid marrow colony-forming units by about 50%.",
    "effect_direction": "mixed",
    "limitations": [
        "Sample size not reported in abstract",
        "Exposure described by power density (mW/cm2) without SAR or dosimetry details in abstract",
        "Mechanistic explanation is proposed but not fully detailed in abstract",
        "Limited outcome detail for tumor cytotoxicity (no quantitative results provided)"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "2450 MHz",
        "microwave radiation",
        "mice",
        "immune function",
        "spleen lymphocytes",
        "mitogen response",
        "macrophages",
        "killer lymphocytes",
        "tumor cytotoxicity",
        "hematopoiesis",
        "bone marrow",
        "colony-forming units",
        "myeloid",
        "erythroid",
        "power density"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

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