Influence of CW microwave radiation on in vitro release of enzymes from retinol- treated hepatic lysosomes.

Abstract

Hepatic lysosomes were exposed in vitro to microwave radiation (2450 MHz) either prior to or simultaneously with treatment with retinol (vitamin A), and the release of the lysosomal enzymes, beta-glucuronidase, acid phosphatase, and cathepsin D, determined. A 60-min microwave exposure (10 or 100 mW/g) of retinol-treated lysosomes had no effect on the amount of release of beta-glucuronidase, cathepsin D, or acid phosphatase. In addition, 10 and 100 mW/g irradiation of lysosome fractions for 40 min prior to a 20-min retinol and microwave treatment, had no influence on the release of these enzymes. Finally, the effect of microwave radiation on the loss of latency of acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase from retinol-treated lysosomes was determined. Microwave radiation had no influence on the rate of appearance of these enzymes in the suspending medium. The results indicate that microwave radiation had no effect on the retinol-induced lysosomal enzyme release.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

In vitro exposure of hepatic lysosomes to 2450 MHz CW microwave radiation at 10 or 100 mW/g for 60 minutes during retinol treatment had no effect on release of beta-glucuronidase, cathepsin D, or acid phosphatase. Pre-irradiation (40 min) followed by 20 min retinol plus microwave treatment also showed no influence on enzyme release, and microwave radiation did not affect the rate of appearance (loss of latency) of acid phosphatase or beta-glucuronidase.

Outcomes measured

• Release of lysosomal enzymes (beta-glucuronidase, acid phosphatase, cathepsin D)
• Loss of latency / rate of appearance of acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase in suspending medium

Limitations

• In vitro lysosome preparation; may not generalize to in vivo conditions
• Sample size and replication not reported in abstract
• Exposure metric reported as mW/g; SAR not explicitly stated

{
    "study_type": "in_vitro",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "microwave",
        "source": null,
        "frequency_mhz": 2450,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "60 min; 40 min prior + 20 min simultaneous (retinol + microwave)"
    },
    "population": "Hepatic lysosomes (in vitro)",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Release of lysosomal enzymes (beta-glucuronidase, acid phosphatase, cathepsin D)",
        "Loss of latency / rate of appearance of acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase in suspending medium"
    ],
    "main_findings": "In vitro exposure of hepatic lysosomes to 2450 MHz CW microwave radiation at 10 or 100 mW/g for 60 minutes during retinol treatment had no effect on release of beta-glucuronidase, cathepsin D, or acid phosphatase. Pre-irradiation (40 min) followed by 20 min retinol plus microwave treatment also showed no influence on enzyme release, and microwave radiation did not affect the rate of appearance (loss of latency) of acid phosphatase or beta-glucuronidase.",
    "effect_direction": "no_effect",
    "limitations": [
        "In vitro lysosome preparation; may not generalize to in vivo conditions",
        "Sample size and replication not reported in abstract",
        "Exposure metric reported as mW/g; SAR not explicitly stated"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "microwave radiation",
        "2450 MHz",
        "continuous wave",
        "in vitro",
        "hepatic lysosomes",
        "retinol",
        "vitamin A",
        "beta-glucuronidase",
        "acid phosphatase",
        "cathepsin D",
        "lysosomal enzyme release"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

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