Morphological, biochemical and genotoxic effects of non-ionizing radiation at 1800 MHz and

Abstract

Morphological, biochemical and genotoxic effects of non-ionizing radiation at 1800 MHz and 2400 MHz frequencies in Allium cepa L Sharma A, Bahel S, Katnoria JK. Morphological, biochemical and genotoxic effects of non-ionizing radiation at 1800 MHz and 2400 MHz frequencies in Allium cepa L. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Oct 30. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-35414-z. Abstract The frequent use of electronic devices in daily lives, predominantly reliant on non-ionizing radiation, has increased the prevalence of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) in natural environment. In light of this, effects of EMR at frequencies of 1800 MHz and 2400 MHz characterized by a power of 10.0 dBm (0.01 W), across varying exposure durations of 1 h/day, 2 h/day, 4 h/day, 6 h/day, and 8 h/day for 7 days, in Allium cepa L. were studied. The effects of the treatment on the morphological features (root length, fresh weight, and dry weight of roots) and biochemical characteristics (protein content and antioxidative enzymes, namely, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and dehydroascorbate (DHAR)) were studied in roots and bulbs of Allium cepa L. Further genotoxicity for different exposure periods at both frequencies was also conducted. Prolonged exposure to electromagnetic radiation (EMR) at both frequencies was found to reduce root length, fresh weight, and dry weight of plant. Furthermore, significant effects were observed on protein content, indicating a reduction with prolonged exposure duration. Investigation into the activities of antioxidative enzymes such as APX, GR, GST, DHAR, CAT, SOD, and POD at a frequency of 1800 MHz and 2400 MHz in roots and bulbs demonstrated a significant enhancement in enzyme activity during 6 h/day and 8 h/day exposure periods. Additional investigation during genotoxicity studies demonstrated the induction of chromosomal aberrations in the root tip cells of the Allium cepa L. plant test system. The current study revealed the initiation of oxidative stress and genotoxicity resulting from long-term exposure to electromagnetic radiation in the studied plant test systems. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Exposure to electromagnetic radiation at 1800 MHz and 2400 MHz (10.0 dBm; 0.01 W) for 7 days reduced root length, fresh weight, and dry weight, with protein content also reduced with prolonged exposure. Antioxidative enzyme activities (APX, GR, GST, DHAR, CAT, SOD, POD) were significantly enhanced during 6 h/day and 8 h/day exposures, and genotoxicity testing showed induction of chromosomal aberrations in root tip cells.

Outcomes measured

• Root length
• Root fresh weight
• Root dry weight
• Protein content
• Antioxidative enzyme activity (APX, GR, SOD, GST, POD, CAT, DHAR)
• Genotoxicity (chromosomal aberrations in root tip cells)
• Oxidative stress (inferred from antioxidative enzyme changes)

Limitations

• Sample size not reported in abstract
• SAR and exposure dosimetry details beyond power (10 dBm) not reported in abstract
• Study conducted in a plant test system; generalizability to humans/animals not addressed in abstract
• Details of genotoxicity assay methods and statistical analysis not provided in abstract

{
    "study_type": "animal",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "RF",
        "source": "other",
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "1, 2, 4, 6, or 8 h/day for 7 days"
    },
    "population": "Allium cepa L. (onion) plant test system (roots and bulbs; root tip cells)",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Root length",
        "Root fresh weight",
        "Root dry weight",
        "Protein content",
        "Antioxidative enzyme activity (APX, GR, SOD, GST, POD, CAT, DHAR)",
        "Genotoxicity (chromosomal aberrations in root tip cells)",
        "Oxidative stress (inferred from antioxidative enzyme changes)"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Exposure to electromagnetic radiation at 1800 MHz and 2400 MHz (10.0 dBm; 0.01 W) for 7 days reduced root length, fresh weight, and dry weight, with protein content also reduced with prolonged exposure. Antioxidative enzyme activities (APX, GR, GST, DHAR, CAT, SOD, POD) were significantly enhanced during 6 h/day and 8 h/day exposures, and genotoxicity testing showed induction of chromosomal aberrations in root tip cells.",
    "effect_direction": "harm",
    "limitations": [
        "Sample size not reported in abstract",
        "SAR and exposure dosimetry details beyond power (10 dBm) not reported in abstract",
        "Study conducted in a plant test system; generalizability to humans/animals not addressed in abstract",
        "Details of genotoxicity assay methods and statistical analysis not provided in abstract"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "non-ionizing radiation",
        "electromagnetic radiation",
        "RF-EMR",
        "1800 MHz",
        "2400 MHz",
        "Allium cepa",
        "oxidative stress",
        "antioxidative enzymes",
        "genotoxicity",
        "chromosomal aberrations",
        "root growth"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

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