Microwave radiation (2450-MHz) potentiates the lethal effect of endotoxin in mice.

Abstract

Groups of male CBA/J mice were injected with Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and irradiated with 2450 MHz (CW) microwaves. The 50% lethal dose (LD50) of LPS was determined for mice irradiated at 30, 20, 10 and 5 mW/cm2 immediately following injection. The average specific absorption rate was approximately 0.6 W/kg per 1 mW/cm2 incident power. An equal number of animals served as sham-irradiated controls for each power density. The mice were placed individually in small containers and were maintained at 22 degrees C and 50% relative humidity during a 2 hour irradiation period. Following irradiation the mice were returned to their home cages and were observed for 48 hr. A significant decrease in the LPS dose required to kill 50% of the mice was observed at power densities of 20 and 30 mW/cm2. High ambient temperature (37 degrees C) also potentiated the lethal effect of endotoxin. Microwave irradiation prior to LPS injection, however, did not affect the lethal action of LPS.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Male CBA/J mice injected with Salmonella typhimurium LPS and then exposed to 2450 MHz continuous-wave microwaves showed a significant decrease in the LPS dose required to kill 50% of the mice at 20 and 30 mW/cm2 (2-hour exposure), compared with sham-irradiated controls. Microwave irradiation prior to LPS injection did not affect LPS lethality. High ambient temperature (37°C) also potentiated endotoxin lethality.

Outcomes measured

• LPS LD50 (dose required to kill 50% of mice)
• Lethality/mortality over 48 hr observation

Limitations

• Sample size not reported in abstract.
• Details of randomization/blinding not reported in abstract.
• Outcome limited to short-term (48 hr) lethality after LPS challenge; generalizability to other endpoints/exposures unclear.
• SAR reported as proportional to incident power density; SAR values for each exposure level not explicitly listed.

{
    "study_type": "animal",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "microwave",
        "source": null,
        "frequency_mhz": 2450,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": "2 hour irradiation period"
    },
    "population": "Male CBA/J mice",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "LPS LD50 (dose required to kill 50% of mice)",
        "Lethality/mortality over 48 hr observation"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Male CBA/J mice injected with Salmonella typhimurium LPS and then exposed to 2450 MHz continuous-wave microwaves showed a significant decrease in the LPS dose required to kill 50% of the mice at 20 and 30 mW/cm2 (2-hour exposure), compared with sham-irradiated controls. Microwave irradiation prior to LPS injection did not affect LPS lethality. High ambient temperature (37°C) also potentiated endotoxin lethality.",
    "effect_direction": "harm",
    "limitations": [
        "Sample size not reported in abstract.",
        "Details of randomization/blinding not reported in abstract.",
        "Outcome limited to short-term (48 hr) lethality after LPS challenge; generalizability to other endpoints/exposures unclear.",
        "SAR reported as proportional to incident power density; SAR values for each exposure level not explicitly listed."
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "2450 MHz",
        "microwave",
        "continuous wave",
        "mice",
        "CBA/J",
        "lipopolysaccharide",
        "endotoxin",
        "Salmonella typhimurium",
        "LD50",
        "power density",
        "specific absorption rate",
        "temperature"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

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