Effect of microwave radiation on the beating rate of isolated frog hearts.

PAPER pubmed Bioelectromagnetics 1984 Animal study Effect: mixed Evidence: Low

Read original paper → DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250050213 PMID: 6732881 Evidence Lab

Abstract

One hundred and two isolated frog hearts were divided into ten groups and placed individually in a waveguide filled with Ringer's solution and exposed to 2,450-MHz CW radiation at 2 and 8.55 W/kg. Heart rate was recorded using one of the following methods: 3-M KCl glass electrode, ultrasound probe, tension transducer, Ringer's solution glass electrode, and a metal wire inserted in the Ringer's solution electrode. An accelerated decrease of heart rate was observed only in those groups recorded using the 3-M KCl electrode and the metal wire Ringer's solution electrode. No effect was found in the other groups. These results indicate that bradycardia in isolated hearts could be caused by electrode artifacts resulting from the intensification of electromagnetic fields.

AI evidence extraction

At a glance

Study type

Animal study

Effect direction

mixed

Population

Isolated frog hearts

Sample size

102

Exposure

microwave · 2450 MHz

Evidence strength

Low

Confidence: 78% · Peer-reviewed: yes

Main findings

Isolated frog hearts exposed to 2,450-MHz continuous-wave radiation at 2 and 8.55 W/kg showed an accelerated decrease in heart rate only in groups where heart rate was recorded using a 3-M KCl glass electrode or a metal wire in the Ringer's solution electrode. No effect was found in groups recorded with ultrasound probe, tension transducer, or Ringer's solution glass electrode. The authors attribute the observed bradycardia to electrode artifacts from intensified electromagnetic fields rather than a direct exposure effect.

Outcomes measured

Heart rate (beating rate)
Bradycardia (decrease of heart rate)

Limitations

Outcome depended on measurement method, suggesting potential instrumentation/electrode artifacts
Exposure duration not reported in abstract
Details of group sizes and randomization not reported in abstract

View raw extracted JSON

{
    "study_type": "animal",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "microwave",
        "source": null,
        "frequency_mhz": 2450,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": null
    },
    "population": "Isolated frog hearts",
    "sample_size": 102,
    "outcomes": [
        "Heart rate (beating rate)",
        "Bradycardia (decrease of heart rate)"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Isolated frog hearts exposed to 2,450-MHz continuous-wave radiation at 2 and 8.55 W/kg showed an accelerated decrease in heart rate only in groups where heart rate was recorded using a 3-M KCl glass electrode or a metal wire in the Ringer's solution electrode. No effect was found in groups recorded with ultrasound probe, tension transducer, or Ringer's solution glass electrode. The authors attribute the observed bradycardia to electrode artifacts from intensified electromagnetic fields rather than a direct exposure effect.",
    "effect_direction": "mixed",
    "limitations": [
        "Outcome depended on measurement method, suggesting potential instrumentation/electrode artifacts",
        "Exposure duration not reported in abstract",
        "Details of group sizes and randomization not reported in abstract"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "microwave radiation",
        "2450 MHz",
        "continuous wave",
        "SAR",
        "frog heart",
        "heart rate",
        "bradycardia",
        "electrode artifact",
        "waveguide",
        "Ringer's solution"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract/metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This content is for informational purposes only and is not medical advice.

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