Sinusoidal Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Stimulation (ELF-EMS) Promotes Angiogenesis In Vitro.

PAPER pubmed Biomedicines 2025 In vitro study Effect: benefit Evidence: Low

Read original paper → DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines13061490 PMID: 40564209 Evidence Lab

Abstract

: Angiogenesis is the multistep process of the formation of new blood vessels. It is beneficial in scenarios that require tissue repair and regeneration, such as wound healing, bone fracture repair, and recovery from ischemic injuries like stroke, where new blood vessel formation restores oxygen and nutrient supply to damaged areas. Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic stimulation (ELF-EMS), which involves electromagnetic fields in the frequency range of 0-300 Hz, have been shown to reduce ischemic stroke volume by improving cerebral blood flow and recovery effects that are dependent on eNOS. Based on previous results, we herein explore the effects of ELF-EMS treatment (13.5 mT/10 and 60 Hz) on the activation of angiogenic processes in vitro in homeostatic conditions. : Using human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1), we studied cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation in vitro, as well as nitric oxide production and the effect of calcium and nitric oxide (NO) on these processes. Moreover, blood vessel formation was studied using a chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. : Our results showed that ELF-EMS increases proliferation, tube formation, and both the migration and transmigration of these cells, the latter of which was mediated via NO. In turn, calcium inhibition decreased ELF-EMF-induced NO production. Furthermore, ELF-EMS significantly increased blood vessel formation in the CAM assay. : Our results indicated that ELF-EMS exposure (13.5 mT/10 and 60 Hz) significantly induces angiogenesis in vitro and in ovo, underscoring its potential application in the treatment of conditions characterized by insufficient blood supply.

AI evidence extraction

At a glance

Study type

In vitro study

Effect direction

benefit

Population

Human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1); chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay (in ovo)

Sample size

—

Exposure

ELF electromagnetic stimulation (ELF-EMS)

Evidence strength

Low

Confidence: 78% · Peer-reviewed: yes

Main findings

ELF-EMS (13.5 mT at 10 and 60 Hz) increased HMEC-1 proliferation, tube formation, migration and transmigration; transmigration was reported as mediated via nitric oxide (NO). Calcium inhibition decreased ELF-EMF-induced NO production, and ELF-EMS increased blood vessel formation in the CAM assay.

Outcomes measured

Endothelial cell proliferation
Endothelial cell migration
Endothelial cell transmigration
Tube formation
Nitric oxide (NO) production
Calcium involvement in NO production
Blood vessel formation (CAM assay)

Limitations

In vitro and in ovo models; no human clinical outcomes reported in the abstract
Exposure duration not reported in the abstract
Sample sizes and quantitative effect estimates not reported in the abstract

Suggested hubs

occupational-exposure (0.1)
Uses ELF electromagnetic fields; however this is a stimulation/biomedical context rather than occupational exposure.

View raw extracted JSON

{
    "study_type": "in_vitro",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "ELF",
        "source": "electromagnetic stimulation (ELF-EMS)",
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": null
    },
    "population": "Human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1); chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay (in ovo)",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Endothelial cell proliferation",
        "Endothelial cell migration",
        "Endothelial cell transmigration",
        "Tube formation",
        "Nitric oxide (NO) production",
        "Calcium involvement in NO production",
        "Blood vessel formation (CAM assay)"
    ],
    "main_findings": "ELF-EMS (13.5 mT at 10 and 60 Hz) increased HMEC-1 proliferation, tube formation, migration and transmigration; transmigration was reported as mediated via nitric oxide (NO). Calcium inhibition decreased ELF-EMF-induced NO production, and ELF-EMS increased blood vessel formation in the CAM assay.",
    "effect_direction": "benefit",
    "limitations": [
        "In vitro and in ovo models; no human clinical outcomes reported in the abstract",
        "Exposure duration not reported in the abstract",
        "Sample sizes and quantitative effect estimates not reported in the abstract"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "angiogenesis",
        "extremely low-frequency",
        "ELF-EMS",
        "electromagnetic stimulation",
        "13.5 mT",
        "10 Hz",
        "60 Hz",
        "HMEC-1",
        "endothelial cells",
        "tube formation",
        "migration",
        "nitric oxide",
        "calcium",
        "CAM assay"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": [
        {
            "slug": "occupational-exposure",
            "weight": 0.1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625,
            "reason": "Uses ELF electromagnetic fields; however this is a stimulation/biomedical context rather than occupational exposure."
        }
    ]
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract/metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This content is for informational purposes only and is not medical advice.

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