Ameliorative effects of crocin against electromagnetic field-induced oxidative stress and liver and kidney injuries in mice.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The current study's goal was to examine how crocin affects organ damage such as damage to the kidney and liver in mice treated by 2100 MHz Electro Magnetic Field. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The liver and kidneys of mice exposed to EMFs were used in this study to examine how crocin affected them. 24 male NMARI mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: EMF group (2100 MHZ); Crocin (Cr) group (50 mg/kg); EMF+Crocin group (2100 MHZ+50 mg/kg), and control group. The antioxidant enzymes and some serum biochemical parameters were assessed in blood samples collected after the experiment. After the animals were put to sleep, liver and kidney samples were taken for histopathological and liver samples were taken for ultrastructural analyses. RESULTS: The serum levels of urea and creatinine, and serum activities of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase were higher in the EMF group than the control group, and this difference was significant. When compared to the control group, the EMF group's antioxidants, (catalase and superoxide dismutase) activity were decreased. These metrics significantly improved in the EMF + Cr group when compared to the EMF group. Different pathological damages were present in the liver and kidney of the EMF group, and the liver's ultrastructure had changed. Crocin administration decrease these changes. CONCLUSION: Crocin, an antioxidant agent, may provide defense against tissue damage brought on by EMF by reducing oxidative stress.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Compared with controls, the EMF (2100 MHz) group had significantly higher serum urea/creatinine and higher ALT, AST, and ALP, with decreased catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, along with liver and kidney pathological damage and altered liver ultrastructure. These measures improved in the EMF+crocin group compared with the EMF-only group, and crocin reduced the observed tissue changes.

Outcomes measured

• Oxidative stress/antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase)
• Kidney function biomarkers (serum urea, creatinine)
• Liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP)
• Liver histopathology
• Kidney histopathology
• Liver ultrastructure

Limitations

• Exposure duration not reported in abstract
• SAR/dosimetry not reported in abstract
• Only male mice studied
• Small sample size (n=24)

{
    "study_type": "animal",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "RF",
        "source": null,
        "frequency_mhz": 2100,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": null
    },
    "population": "Male NMARI mice",
    "sample_size": 24,
    "outcomes": [
        "Oxidative stress/antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase)",
        "Kidney function biomarkers (serum urea, creatinine)",
        "Liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP)",
        "Liver histopathology",
        "Kidney histopathology",
        "Liver ultrastructure"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Compared with controls, the EMF (2100 MHz) group had significantly higher serum urea/creatinine and higher ALT, AST, and ALP, with decreased catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, along with liver and kidney pathological damage and altered liver ultrastructure. These measures improved in the EMF+crocin group compared with the EMF-only group, and crocin reduced the observed tissue changes.",
    "effect_direction": "mixed",
    "limitations": [
        "Exposure duration not reported in abstract",
        "SAR/dosimetry not reported in abstract",
        "Only male mice studied",
        "Small sample size (n=24)"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "2100 MHz",
        "electromagnetic field",
        "RF-EMF",
        "crocin",
        "oxidative stress",
        "liver injury",
        "kidney injury",
        "catalase",
        "superoxide dismutase",
        "ALT",
        "AST",
        "ALP",
        "urea",
        "creatinine",
        "mice"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

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