EMF Antenna Exposure on a Multilayer Human Head Simulation for Alzheimer Disease Treatments.

Abstract

In this paper, we follow up with our preliminary biological studies that showed that Repeated electromagnetic field stimulation (REMFS) decreased the toxic amyloid-beta (A) levels, which is considered to be the cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The REMFS parameters of these exposures were a frequency of 64 MHz and a Specific absorption rate (SAR) of 0.4 to 0.9 W/Kg in primary human neuronal cultures. In this work, an electromagnetic field (EMF) model was simulated using high-frequency simulation system (HFSS/EMPro) software. Our goal was to achieve the EM parameters (EMF Frequency and SAR) required to decrease the toxic A levels in our biological studies in a simulated human head. The simulations performed here will potentially lead to the successful development of an exposure system to treat Alzheimer's disease patients. A popular VFH (very high frequency) patch microstrip antenna system was considered in the study. The selection was based on simple and easy construction and appropriateness to the VHF applications. The evaluation of the SAR and temperature distribution on the various head layers, including skin, fat, dura, the cerebrospinal (CSF), and grey matter, brain tissues, were determined for efficacy SAR and safety temperature increase on a simulated human head. Based on a current pulse of 1 A peak current fed to the antenna feeder, a maximum SAR of 0.6 W/Kg was achieved. A range of 0.4 to 0.6 SAR was observed over the various layers of the simulated human head. The initial design of the antenna indicated an antenna size in the order of 1 m in length and width, suggesting a stationary practical model for AD therapy. Future direction is given for wearable antenna and exposure system, featuring high efficiency and patient comfort.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Using HFSS/EMPro simulations of a multilayer human head model with a VHF patch microstrip antenna, a 1 A peak current feed produced a maximum SAR of 0.6 W/kg, with SAR ranging from 0.4 to 0.6 W/kg across head layers. The work aims to match previously used REMFS parameters (64 MHz; SAR 0.4–0.9 W/kg) associated with decreased toxic amyloid-beta levels in primary human neuronal cultures.

Outcomes measured

• Simulated SAR distribution in multilayer human head model
• Simulated temperature distribution/temperature increase (safety assessment)
• Antenna design parameters to achieve target SAR

Limitations

• Simulation/modeling study; no clinical or in vivo outcomes reported
• No quantitative temperature results reported in the abstract (only that temperature distribution was evaluated)
• Exposure duration not specified
• Target biological effect (amyloid-beta reduction) is referenced from prior preliminary studies, not demonstrated in this work

{
    "study_type": "engineering",
    "exposure": {
        "band": "RF",
        "source": "antenna (VHF patch microstrip)",
        "frequency_mhz": 64,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": null
    },
    "population": null,
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Simulated SAR distribution in multilayer human head model",
        "Simulated temperature distribution/temperature increase (safety assessment)",
        "Antenna design parameters to achieve target SAR"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Using HFSS/EMPro simulations of a multilayer human head model with a VHF patch microstrip antenna, a 1 A peak current feed produced a maximum SAR of 0.6 W/kg, with SAR ranging from 0.4 to 0.6 W/kg across head layers. The work aims to match previously used REMFS parameters (64 MHz; SAR 0.4–0.9 W/kg) associated with decreased toxic amyloid-beta levels in primary human neuronal cultures.",
    "effect_direction": "unclear",
    "limitations": [
        "Simulation/modeling study; no clinical or in vivo outcomes reported",
        "No quantitative temperature results reported in the abstract (only that temperature distribution was evaluated)",
        "Exposure duration not specified",
        "Target biological effect (amyloid-beta reduction) is referenced from prior preliminary studies, not demonstrated in this work"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "insufficient",
    "confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "electromagnetic field",
        "REMFS",
        "Alzheimer's disease",
        "64 MHz",
        "VHF",
        "patch microstrip antenna",
        "HFSS",
        "EMPro",
        "specific absorption rate",
        "SAR",
        "temperature distribution",
        "human head simulation"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

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