Global gene expression changes reflecting pleiotropic effects of Irpex lacteus induced by low--intensity electromagnetic field.

Abstract

A polysaccharide of Irpex lacteus, a white-rot fungus with lignocellulose-degrading activities, has been used as a commercial medicine for nephritis treatment. Previously, a low-intensity electromagnetic field (LI-EMF) was found to increase the biomass and polysaccharide content of Irpex lacteus and induce twists on the cell surface. In this study, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) technology was used to analyze the underlying mechanism of LI-EMF's influence on Irpex lacteus. We identified 3268, 1377, and 941 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the LI-EMF-treated samples at recovery times of 0 h, 3 h, and 6 h, respectively, indicating a significant decline in the influence of the LI-EMF treatment on Irpex lacteus with the passage of recovery time. Moreover, 30 upregulated and 14 downregulated DEGs overlapped in the LI-EMF-treated samples at the recovery times of 0 h, 3 h, and 6 h, implying the important lasting effects of LI-EMF. The reliability of the RNA-seq data were validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The DEGs related to transcription factors, cell proliferation, cell wall, membrane components, amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism, and polysaccharide biosynthesis and metabolism were significantly enriched in the LI-EMF-treated samples. The experiments confirmed that the LI-EMF treatment significantly increased the content of amino acids with a considerable increase in the content of essential amino acids. Therefore, the global gene expression changes explained the pleiotropic effects of Irpex lacteus induced by the LI-EMF treatment. These findings provide the requisite data for the appropriate design and application of LI-EMF in the fermentation of microorganisms to increase production. Bioelectromagnetics. 40:104-117, 2019. © 2019 Bioelectromagnetics Society.

AI evidence extraction

Main findings

Low-intensity electromagnetic field (LI-EMF) treatment was associated with large numbers of differentially expressed genes in Irpex lacteus, with 3268, 1377, and 941 DEGs at 0 h, 3 h, and 6 h recovery times, respectively, suggesting declining effects over recovery time. Thirty upregulated and 14 downregulated DEGs overlapped across all recovery times, and LI-EMF treatment significantly increased amino acid content, including essential amino acids.

Outcomes measured

• Differentially expressed genes (RNA-seq) at recovery times 0 h, 3 h, 6 h
• Enriched DEG categories (e.g., transcription factors, cell proliferation, cell wall/membrane components, amino acid and polysaccharide biosynthesis/metabolism)
• Amino acid content (including essential amino acids)
• qRT-PCR validation of RNA-seq findings

Limitations

• EMF exposure parameters (e.g., frequency, intensity, duration) not reported in the abstract
• Sample size and experimental replication details not reported in the abstract
• Outcomes are molecular/biochemical in a fungus; no direct relevance to human health outcomes stated

{
    "study_type": "other",
    "exposure": {
        "band": null,
        "source": null,
        "frequency_mhz": null,
        "sar_wkg": null,
        "duration": null
    },
    "population": "Irpex lacteus (white-rot fungus)",
    "sample_size": null,
    "outcomes": [
        "Differentially expressed genes (RNA-seq) at recovery times 0 h, 3 h, 6 h",
        "Enriched DEG categories (e.g., transcription factors, cell proliferation, cell wall/membrane components, amino acid and polysaccharide biosynthesis/metabolism)",
        "Amino acid content (including essential amino acids)",
        "qRT-PCR validation of RNA-seq findings"
    ],
    "main_findings": "Low-intensity electromagnetic field (LI-EMF) treatment was associated with large numbers of differentially expressed genes in Irpex lacteus, with 3268, 1377, and 941 DEGs at 0 h, 3 h, and 6 h recovery times, respectively, suggesting declining effects over recovery time. Thirty upregulated and 14 downregulated DEGs overlapped across all recovery times, and LI-EMF treatment significantly increased amino acid content, including essential amino acids.",
    "effect_direction": "mixed",
    "limitations": [
        "EMF exposure parameters (e.g., frequency, intensity, duration) not reported in the abstract",
        "Sample size and experimental replication details not reported in the abstract",
        "Outcomes are molecular/biochemical in a fungus; no direct relevance to human health outcomes stated"
    ],
    "evidence_strength": "low",
    "confidence": 0.7399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
    "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
    "keywords": [
        "low-intensity electromagnetic field",
        "LI-EMF",
        "Irpex lacteus",
        "white-rot fungus",
        "RNA-seq",
        "gene expression",
        "differentially expressed genes",
        "qRT-PCR",
        "amino acids",
        "polysaccharide biosynthesis",
        "fermentation"
    ],
    "suggested_hubs": []
}

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